Hon Alg 2 Ans Key

Answer Key Transparencies
Provides transparencies with answers for each lesson in the Student Edition
ISBN 0-07-828001-X
90000
9 780078 280016
Chapter 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities Lesson 1-1 Expressions and Formulas Pages 810
1. First, find the sum of c and d. Divide this sum by e. Multiply the quotient by b. Finally, add a. 3. b; The sum of the cost of adult and children tickets should be subtracted from 50. Therefore, parentheses need to be inserted around this sum to insure that this addition is done before subtraction. 5. 6 7. 1 9. 119 11. 23 13. $432 15. $1162.50 17. 3 19. 25 21. 23. 5 25. 29. 31 3 27. 14 31. 162 33. 2.56 35. 25
1 3
2. Sample answer:
14 5
4. 72
6. 23 8. 10. 0 12. 18 14. $1875 16. 20 18. 29 20. 54 22. 19 24. 11 26. 7 28. 30. 34. 15 52 7 34 2
32. 15.3
36. about 1.8 lb 38. 3.4 40. 45

1
Algebra 2 Chapter 1
37. 31.25 drops per min 39. 2

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
41. 43. 47. 49. 2 51.
4.2 4 8
1 6
42. 5.3 44. 75 46. 4

y a 5 2 b
45. 1.4
48. 36.01 50.

2
16
52. 30 54. 400 ft 56. Nurses use formulas to calculate a drug dosage given a supply dosage and a doctors drug order. They also use formulas to calculate IV flow rates. Answers should include the following. A table of IV flow rates is limited to those situations listed, while a formula can be used to find any IV flow rate. If a formula used in a nursing setting is applied incorrectly, a patient could die. 58. D 60. 4 62. 13 64. 66.
6 7
53. $8266.03 55. Sample answer: 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 14 4 42 4 3 4 14 42 4 4 14 4 42 4 5 14 42 4 4 6 44 4 4 7 14 42 14 42 8 4 4 4 4 9 144 42 4 10
57. C 59. 3 61. 10 63. 65.

2 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
Lesson 1-2
1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 1e. 1f. Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample answer: 2 answer: 5 answer: 11 answer: 1.3 answer: 12 answer: 1.3
Properties of Real Numbers Pages 1418
2. A rational number is the ratio of two integers. Since 13 is 13 not an integer, is not a 2 rational number. 4. Z, Q, R
3. 0; Zero does not have a multiplicative inverse since is undefined. 5. N, W, Z, Q, R 7. Multiplicative Identity 9. Additive Identity 11. 13.
1 , 3
1 0
6. Q, R 8. Associative Property ( ) 10. 8, 12.

1 8 2 3
3 4y 18d
1.5,
2x
14. 13p 16. 17a 1 18. $175.50
15. 3c
17. 1.5(10 15 12 8 19 22 31) or 1.5(10) 1.5(15) 1.5(12) 1.5(8) 1.5(19) 1.5(22) 1.5(31) 19. W, Z, Q, R 21. N, W, Z, Q, R 23. I, R 25. N, W, Z, Q, R 27. Q, R; 2.4, 2.49, 2.49, 2.49, 2.9 29. Associative Property ( ) 31. Associative Property ( ) 33. Multiplicative Inverse 35. Multiplicative Identity 37. m; Additive Inverse
3
20. Q, R 22. Q, R 24. Z, Q, R 26. I, R 28. Additive Inverse 30. Additive Identity 32. Commutative Property ( ) 34. Distributive 36. 0 38.
1 ; m
Multiplicative Inverse
Algebra 2 Chapter 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
41. 12 units 39. 1
40. natural numbers 42. The square root of 2 is irrational and therefore cannot be described by a natural number. 44. 2.5; 0.4
5 ; 8 3 5 8 5 5 23
43. 10;
1 10
45. 0.125; 47.

4 3 , 3 4
46.
48. 4 , 2b 7y 4t 1.8n 50. 10x 52. 11m 54. 32c 56. 4.4p 58.
9 x 10
49. 3a 51. 40x 53. 55. 57. 12r
2y 10a 46d 2.9q

19 y 6
3.4m 8 9y
59. true 61. false; 6 63. 6.5(4.5 4.25 5.25 6.5 5) or 6.5(4.5) 6.5(4.25) (6.5)5.25 6.5(6.5) 6.5(5)
60. false; 62. true
64. 3.6; $327.60
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
65. 3 a2 b
1 4
2 a1 b
1 8
66. 50(47
47); 50(47)
50(47)
3 a2
1 1 b b 2 a1 4 8 Def. of a mixed number 1 1 3 122 3 a b 2 112 2 a b 4 8 Distributive 3 1 6 2 Multiply. 4 4
6 8 8 8
2
3 4 3 a 4
3 1 4 4 1 4 1 b 4
Comm. ( ) Add. Assoc. ( ) Add.
1 or 9
67. 4700 ft2 69. $62.15
68. $113(0.36 $113(0.36)

6 8 6
0.19); $113(0.19)
8
70. Yes; 7;dividing 2 2 2 by a number is the same as multiplying by its reciprocal. 72. B
71. Answers should include the following. Instead of doubling each coupon value and then adding these values together, the Distributive Property could be applied allowing you to add the coupon values first and then double the sum.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
If a store had a 25% off sale on all merchandise, the Distributive Property could be used to calculate these savings. For example, the savings on a $15 shirt, $40 pair of jeans, and $25 pair of slacks could be calculated as 0.25(15) 0.25(40) 0.25(25) or as 0.25(15 40 25) using the Distributive Property. 73. C 75. False; 0 1 1, which is not a whole number. 77. False; 2 79. 6 81. 83. 85. 2.75 11 4.3 3
2 , 3
74. true 76. true 78. 9 80. 5

7 10
which is not
a whole number. 82. 358 in2 84.
86. 36
Chapter 1 Practice Quiz 1 Page 18

1. 14 3. 6 5. 2 amperes 7. N, W, Z, Q, R 9.
6 7 , 7 6
2. 4.
9 1
6. Q, R 8. Additive Inverse 10. 50x 64y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
Lesson 1-3 Solving Equations Pages 2427

1. Sample answer: 2x 14 2. Sometimes true; only when the expression you are dividing by does not equal zero. 4. 5 4n
3. Jamal; his method can be confirmed by solving the equation using an alternative method. C C C
9 cC 5 5 1322 9 5 1322 d 9 9 C 5 5 1F 9 5 F 9 5 F 9
322
5 9
1322
F F 6. Sample answer: 9 times a number decreased by 3 is 6. 8. Reflexive Property of Equality 10. 12. 21 4
9 4 2n
32
5. 2n
n3
7. Sample answer: 5 plus 3 times the square of a number is twice that number. 9. Addition Property of Equality 11. 14 13. 4.8
14. 1.5 16. y
15. 16 17. p 19. 5 21. n 2 23. 519 25.

a
I rt
18. D 20. 10n 22. 6n3 82 72 3 24. 21n 26. 1n

7
3n 4 n2
n 2 b 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
27. 2 rh
2 r2
28. 2 r 1h
r2
29. Sample answer: 5 less than a number is 12. 31. Sample answer: A number squared is equal to 4 times the number. 33. Sample answer: A number divided by 4 is equal to twice the sum of that number and 1. 35. Substitution Property ( ) 37. Transitive Property ( ) 39. Symmetric Property ( ) 41. 7 43. 3.2 45. 47. 49. 51. 1 53. 55. 57. 59.
d t 3V r2 1 12
30. Sample answer: Twice a number plus 3 is 1. 32. Sample answer: Three times the cube of a number is equal to the number plus 4. 34. Sample answer: 7 minus half a number is equal to 3 divided by the square of x. 36. Subtraction Property ( ) 38. Addition Property ( ) 40. Multiplication Property ( ) 42. 8 44. 2.5 46. 48. 50. 52.
2 3 3 4
8 7
11
12
1 4 55 2
54. 19 56. r h
x 1c 32 a 10 17 b 2x
58. a 60. 2 62.

2A h 4x 1
a y
61. b
63. n number of games; 2(1.50) n(2.50) 16.75; 5 65. x cost of gasoline per mile; 972 114 105 7600x 1837; 8.5/mi
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
64. s length of a side; 8s 124, 15.5 in. 66. n number of students that can attend each meeting; 2n 3 83; 40 students
8
Algebra 2 Chapter 1
67. a Chun-Weis age; a (2a 8) (2a 8 3) 94; Chun-Wei: 15 yrs old, mother: 38 yrs old, father: 41 yrs old 69. n number of lamps broken; 12(125) 45n 1365; 3 lamps 71. 15.1 mi/month 73. The Central Pacific had to lay their track through the Rocky Mountains, while the Union Pacific mainly built track over flat prairie. 75. the product of 3 and the difference of a number and 5 added to the product of four times the number and the sum of the number and 1
68. c cost per student; 50 50130 c2 1452 5 1800; $3 70. h 11.22 2h height of can A; 122 23; 8 units
1 3
72. Central: 690 mi.; Union: 1085 mi 74. $295
76. To find the most effective level of intensity for your workout, you need to use your age and 10-second pulse count. You must also be able to solve the formula given for A. Answers should include the following. Substitute 0.80 for I and 27 for P in the formula I 6 P 1220 A2 and solve for A. To solve this equation, divide the product of 6 and 28 by 0.8. Then subtract 220 and divide by 1. The result is 17.5. This means that this 1 person is 17 years old.
2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
To find the intensity level for different values of A and P would require solving a new equation but using the same steps as described above. Solving for A would mean that for future calculations of A you would only need to simplify an expression, 220 77. B 79. 6x 8y 4z 81. 6.6 83. 105 cm2 85. 3 87. 89.
1 4
6P , I
rather
than solve an equation. 78. D 80. 11a 82. 7.44 84. 86. 5 2.5 8b
88. 3x 6y
Lesson 1-4
Solving Absolute Value Equations Pages 3032

2a. 0 x 0 2b. 0 x 4 60 2 60; 2
1. 0 a 0 a when a is a negative number and the negative of a negative number is positive. 3. Always; since the opposite of 0 is still 0, this equation has only one case, ax b 0. The solution is 5. 8 7. 9. 5 18, 17 126
b . a
4. Sample answer: 0 4
6. 9
11. 5 32, 366

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
10. 5 11, 296 12.

10
8. 5 21, 136
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
13. 586 15. least: 158 F; greatest: 162 F
14. 0 x
160 0
16. 162 F; This would ensure a minimum internal temperature of 160 F. 18. 24 20. 4 22. 13
17. 15 19. 0 21. 3 23. 25. 4 9.4
24. 26. 5 28.
7.8 22 306
27. 55 29. {8, 42} 31. 5 45, 216 33. 5 2, 166 35. 37. 39. 41. { 5, 11} 43.
e
30. 512, 34. 36.

e 2,
32. 5 28, 206

16 f 3
3 e f 2
e 2,
9 f 2
38. 5 4, 40. 42. {3, 15} 44.

e 3,
16
11 , 3
3f
45. {8}
47. 0 x 200 0 5; maximum: 205 F; minimum: 195 F 49. 0 x 13 0 5; maximum: 18 km, minimum: 8 km
46. 5 46
5 f 3
48. 0 x 16 0 0.3; heaviest: 16.3 oz, lightest: 15.7 oz 50. sometimes; true only if a 0 and b 0 or if a 0 and b 0 0 52. Answers should include the following. This equation needs to show that the difference of the estimate E from the originally stated magnitude of 6.1 could be plus 0.3 or
11
Algebra 2 Chapter 1
51. sometimes; true only if c
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
minus 0.3, as shown in the graph below. Instead of writing two equations, E 6.1 0.3 and E 6.1 0.3, absolute value symbols can be used to account for both possibilities, 0 E 6.1 0 0.3.
0.3 units 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 0.3 units 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7
Using an original magnitude of 5.9, the equation to represent the estimated extremes would 0.3. be 0 E 5.9 0 53. B 55. 0 x 0x 10 10 54. A 2 2 x 1x 4; 42 x x 58. 8 112 60. 5n 2 62. 68. false; 23 70. true 72.
1 1x 2
56. x x
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
57. 5 1.56 59. 21n 61.

16 3
4; x 4; x 4; x 4
63. 14 65. Distributive Property 67. Additive Identity 69. true 71. false; 1.2 73. 364 ft2 75. 8 77. 79.
2 3 3 4
12
64. Commutative Property ( ) 66. Multiplicative Inverse
321x
52
74. 2 76. 78. 6 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
Lesson 1-5 Solving Inequalities Pages 3739

1. Dividing by a number is the same as multiplying by its inverse. 3. Sample answer: x 2 x 1 5. e x ` x 7. 5y 0 y 9. 5p 0 p
0
2. Sample answer: 4. 5a 0 a
2 1
2n
1.56 or 1
0 1
, 1.52
2 3
5 f 3
or a
1 2
, df
5 3
6. 5c 0 c
3 2 0
36 or 3 3,
2 4 6
2
8
66 or 16,
2 2
8. 5w 0 w
10 8
76 or 1
6 4
,
2
72
0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
156 or 115,
10. 5n 0 n
30 28
246 or 1
26 24 22
244
20
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
11. all real numbers or 1

6 4 2 0 2
,
4
12. 12n
36; n
13. 2n
15. 5n 0 n
14
116 or 3 11,
10 8 6 4
5; n
14. at least 92 16. 5b 0 b 18. 5d 0 d

10 8
186 or 1
, 184 2
2 0
12
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17. 5x 0 x 19. 5g 0 g
20
76 or 1 276 or 1
22 24
, 72
86 or 1 8,
6 4
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
, 274
26 28 30
20. 5p 0 p
6
36 or 1
4 2 0
34
2 4
21. 5k 0 k
7 6
3.56 or 3 3.5,
5 4 3 2
22. 5y 0 y
4
56 or 1
2 0 2
, 52
4 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
13
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
23. 5m 0 m
6 4
46 or 1 4,
2 0 2
2
4
24. e b ` b
1
2 f 3
0
or c
2 3
1
b
2
25. 5t 0 t
4
06 or 1
2 0
, 04
2 4 6
26. 5r 0 r
2
66 or 1
0 2 4
, 64
6 8
27. 5n 0 n
0
1.756 or 3 1.75,
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
28. ew ` w 30. 5c 0 c 32. 5z 0 z

2.0 20
7 20 1 4
1 f 20
3 20
or a
1 20
1 , 20
1 20 3 20
29. 5x 0 x
286 284
2796 or 1
282 280 278
2792
276
186 or 1 18, 2.66 or 12.6,

18 16 14 12
2
10
31. 5d 0 d
8 6
56 or 3 5,
4 2 0 2
2
3.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
33. 5g 0 g
6 4
26 or 1
2 0
, 22
2 4
34. e a ` a
5 f 7
or c ,
5 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
35. e y ` y
1 f 5
3 5
or a
1 5 1 5
, b
1 5
3 5
36. 5p 0 p
1 6 4
06 or 10,
2 0 2
2
4 6
37.
6 4 2 0 2 4
38. e n ` n
4 3
3 f 2
2
or a
1 0
3 d 2
1
39. at least 25 h 41. n 43.

1 n 2
40. no more than 14 rides 6 24 11; n

17
8 7 52
2; n 5; n 3n
42. 44. 1 46. n
4n 3n 9
35; n 1
n ; 2
8.75 5
16; n n 18
45. 21n
, at least 47. 217m2 17; m 14 2 child-care staff members

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
48. $24,000 40,000

14
0.015130,500n2
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
49. n 34.97; She must sell at least 35 cars. 51. s 91; Ahmik must score at least 91 on her next test to have an A test average.
50.
85
91
89 5
94
90
52a. It holds only for or ; 2 2. 52b. 1 2 but 2 1 52c. For all real numbers a, b, and c, if a b and b c then a c. 54. D
53. Answers should include the following. 150 400 Let n equal the number of minutes used. Write an expression representing the cost of Plan 1 and for Plan 2 for n minutes. The cost for Plan 1 would include a $35 monthly access fee plus 40 for each minute over 150 minutes or 35 0.41n 1502. The cost for Plan 2 for 400 minutes or less would be $55. To find where Plan 2 would cost less than Plan 1 solve 55 35 0.41n 1502 for n. The solution set is 5n 0 n 2006, which means that for more than 200 minutes of calls, Plan 2 is cheaper. 55. D 57. x 2 59. 5 14, 206 61.
56. x 58. x 60.

e
3 1
5 11 , f 4 4
62. b online browsers each year; 6b 19.2 106.6; about 14.6 million online browsers each year 64. Q, R
63. N, W, Z, Q, R
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
15
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
65. I, R 67. 5 7, 76 69. 71. 5 11,

e 4,
66. 4.25(5.5 4.25(8) 68. 513, 236 70. 511, 256 16
8); 4.25(5.5)
4 f 5
72. 5 18, 106

1. 0.5 3. 14 5. e m ` m
2 9
2.
2s t2
g
19 , 3
4. e
4 f 9
0
2 9
5f
or a ,
4 9
4 9 2 3
b
8 1 9
Lesson 1-6 Solving Compound and Absolute Value Inequalities Pages 4346
1. 5 c 15 2. Sample answer: x x 2 4. 0 n 0 8
8 4 0 4 8
3 and
3. Sabrina; an absolute value b inequality of the form 0 a 0 should be rewritten as an or compound inequality, a b or a b. 5. 0 n 0 7. 0 n 0 3
4 2 0 2 4
12
6. 0 n 0 8. 5y 0 y
4
4 or y
2 0 2
16
4
Algebra 2
6
Chapter 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
16
9. 5d 0 2 11. 5g 0 13
16 12 4 2
d
0
36
2 4 6
10. 5a 0 a 12. 5k 0 3
2 8
5 or a
4 0 4
56
8 12
g
8
56
4 0 4
k
0 2
76
4 6 8
13. all real numbers

4 2 0 2 4 6
15. 0 n 0 17. 0 n 0 19. 0 n 0 21. 0 n 0 23. 0 n 0 25. 0 n 27. 5p 0 p

8
5
4 0 4 8 12
16. 0 n 0
14. 55 60; 343.75 c 6.25 375; between $343.75 and $375 7

8 4 0 4 8 12
4
4 2 0 2 4 6
18. 0 n 0 20. 0 n 0 22. 0 n 0 24. 0 n 0 26. 0 n
6
8 4 0 4 8 12
8
8 4 0 4 8 12
1.2
1.4 1.2 0 1.2 1.4 1.6
1 10 1.5 1 2 or p
8 4 0
5 10 6 3 t
2 0
86
4 8 12
28. 5t 0 1 30. 5c 0 c
36
2 4 6 8
29. 5x 0 2 31. 5f 0 7 33. 5g 0 9

8 10 4
x
2 0
46
2 4 6
2 or c
4 2 0 2
16
4 6
f
8 6
56
4 2 0

4 2 0 2 4 6
g
4 0
96
4 8 12
34. 5m 0 m 36. 5y 0 7
8 4
4 or m
2 0 2
46
4 6
35.
4 2 0 2 4 6
y
4 0
76
4 8 12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
17
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
37. 5b 0 b
4
10 or b
0 4 8
26
12 16
38. 5r 0 3
4
r
2
46
0 2 4 6
39. e w `
2
7 3
w
1
1f
0 1
40.
4 2 0 2 4 6

4 2 0 2 4 6
42. 5n 0 n
4
06
2 0 2 4 6
43.
en ` n
0 1
7 f 2
2 3 4 5
44. 5n 0 n
2 1
1.56
0 1 2 3
45. 6.8 47. 45
x s
7.4 55 L c, a a
2 0
46. 45
48. 0 t 98.6 0 8; 5b 0 b or b 90.66 D c 130 in. b, 50. 84 in. 52. a b L c 106 in. a b
65
106.6
49. 108 in. 51. a b 53a.

4
b c
53b.
4 2 0 2 4 6
53c. 53d. 3 0x 20 8 can be rewritten as 0 x 2 0 3 and 0x 20 8. The solution of 0x 20 3 is x 1 or x 5. The solution of 0x 20 8 is 10 x 6. Therefore, the union of these two sets is 1x 1 or x 52
4 2 0 2 4 6
54. Compound inequalities can be used to describe the acceptable time frame for the fasting state before a glucose tolerance test is administered to a patient suspected of having diabetes. Answers should include the following. Use the word and when both inequalities must be satisfied. Use the word or when only one or the other of the inequalities must be satisfied. 10 h 16
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
18
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
and 1 10 x 6). The union of the graph of x 1 or x 5 and the graph of 10 x 6 is shown below. From this we can see that solution can be rewritten 52 or as 1 10 x 11 x 62.
12 8 4 0 4 8
12 hours would be an acceptable fasting state for this test since it is part of the solution set of 10 h 16, as indicated on the graph below.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
55. x 57.
5 or x
56. D 58. 2 x 3
59. 15x 15x x 61. d

8
2 2 16
32 or 32; 5x 0 x 2
0
0.2 or
60. abs12x 5x x 62. x 4 or 1

4 2
62 10; 2 or x 86 , 42
0 2 4 6
6 or 3 6, 1 or 1
2 0 4 2
63. n
4
,
2
12
4 6
64. 0 x 587 0 5; highest: 592 keys, lowest: 582 keys 66. 5 11, 46 68. Addition Property of Equality 70. Transitive Property of Equality 72. 2m 7n 18 74. 92
65. { 10, 16} 67. 69. Symmetric Property ( ) 71. 3a 73. 2 75. 7 7b
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
19
Algebra 2
Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Linear Relations and Functions Lesson 2-1 Relations and Functions Pages 6062
1. Sample answer: {( 4, 3), ( 2, 3), (1, 5), ( 2, 1)} 2. Sample answer:
y
3. Molly; to find g(2a), replace x with 2a. Teisha found 2g(a), not g(2a). 5. yes 7. D
y
4. yes
6. no {7}, R { 1, 2, 5, 8}, no
(7, 8)
8. D
y
{3, 4, 6}, R
{2.5}, yes
(7, 5)
(4, 2.5) (3, 2.5) (6, 2.5)
(7, 2) O O (7, 1)
9. D R
all reals, all reals, yes

y
10. D R
5x 0 x 06, all reals, no

y
x
O
y2 x
x
1
2x
11. 10
12.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
20
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
13. D R
{70, 72, 88}, {95, 97, 105, 114}

115 110
14. {(88, 97), (70, 114), (88, 95), (72, 105)} 16. No; the domain value 88 is paired with two range values.
15. Record High Temperatures
July
105 100 95 0 70 80 January 90
17. yes 19. no 21. yes 23. D R { 3, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 5}; yes
y
(1, 5)
18. no 20. yes 22. no 24. D {3, 4, 6}, R

y
(3, 5) (4, 5) (6, 5)
{5}; yes
(2, 1) ( 3, 0) O O
25. D
{ 2, 3}, R
( 2, 8)
{5, 7, 8}; no
26. D R
{3, 4, 5, 6}, {3, 4, 5, 6}; yes

y
(5, 6) (3, 4) (4, 3)
(3, 7)
( 2, 5)
(6, 5)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
21
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
27. D R
{ 3.6, 0, 1.4, 2}, { 3, 1.1, 2, 8}; yes

y
( 3.6, 8)
28. D R
{ 2.5, 1, 0}, { 1, 1}; no

y
( 2.5, 1) ( 1, 1) (0, 1) O (1.4, 2) ( 1, 1)
(0,
O 1.1)
x
(2, 3)
29. D R
all reals, all reals; yes

y
30. D R

y
y
O
3x
x y
5x
31. D R

y
32. D R

y
O O
7x
3x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
22
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
33. D R
all reals, 5y 0 y 06, yes

y
34. D R
5x 0 x 36, all reals; no

y
2y 2
35.
American League Leaders
170 165 160 RBI 155 150 145 140 0 48 50 HR 52 54 56
36. D R
{47, 48, 52, 56}, {145, 147, 148, 157, 165}
37. No; the domain value 56 is paired with two different range values. 39.
70 60 50 Price ($) 40 30 20 10 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year 2004
38. {(1997, 39), (1998, 43), (1999, 48), (2000, 55), (2001, 61), (2002, 52)} 40. D R {1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002}, {39, 43, 48, 52, 55, 61}
Stock Price
41. Yes; each domain value is paired with only one range value.
42. {(1987, 12), (1989, 13), (1991, 11), (1993, 12), (1995, 9), (1997, 6), (1999, 3)}
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
23
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
43.
14 Representatives 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
30+ Years of Service
44. D R
{1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999}, {3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13}
87
91 95 Year
99
45. Yes; no; each domain value is paired with only one range value so the relation is a function, but the range value 12 is paired with two domain values so the function is not one-to-one. 47. 6 49. 3 5n 4x 3
46.
14
48.
2 9
50. 3a 52. 4 54. 39
51. 25n 2 53. 11 55. f(x)
56. Relations and functions can be used to represent biological data. Answers should include the following. If the data are written as ordered pairs, then those ordered pairs are a relation. The maximum lifetime of an animal is not a function of its average lifetime. 58. C 60. continuous 62. continuous
57. B 59. discrete 61. discrete 63. 5y 0 8 65. 5x 0 x y 5.16

24
66
64. 5m 0 4
66
66. $2.85
Algebra 2 Chapter 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
67. $29.82 69. 31a 71. 2 73. 15 10b
68. 43 70. 72. 6 1
Lesson 2-2 Linear Equations Pages 6567

1. The function can be written as f(x) m
1 2 1 x 2
2. 5,
1, so it is of the mx b, where 1. y 2 4. No, the variables have an exponent other than 1. 6. 3x y 3y 2

y
form f(x)
and b
3. Sample answer: x 5. yes 7. 2x 9.

5 , 3
5; 3,
1, 5 3, 3
5y 5
3; 2,
5, 3
8. 2x 10. 2,
3; 2,
x
O
3x
11. 2, 3
y
3x 2y 6
12. 3,
3 2
y
x
O 4x 8y 12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
25
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
13. $177.62 15. yes 17. No; y is inside a square root. 19. No; x appears in a denominator. 21. No; x has an exponent other than 1. 23. x 2 5y 0 25. 7200 m
14. 563.00 euros 16. No; x appears in a denominator. 18. No; x has exponents other than 1. 20. yes 22. No; x is inside a square root. 24. h(x ) x3 x2 3x
26. Sound travels only 1715 m in 5 seconds in air, so it travels faster underwater. 4; 3, 1, 4 5; 1, 5; 2, 4, 1, 5 5 28. 12x 30. x 32. x 34. x 36. y 38. 5x 40. 6,
y y
27. 3x 29. x 31. 2x 33. x 35. x 37. 25x 39. 3, 5 y
y 4y y
y 7y 2y y 4y 2
0; 12, 2; 1, 3; 1, 6; 1, 2; 5,
1, 0 7, 2 2, 1, 4, 2 3 6
12; 1, 1, 12 2y 9; 25, 2, 9
6; 1, 0, 6
40; 0, 1, 40
5x
3y O
15
2x
6y
12
x
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
26
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
41.
10 , 3
5 2
y
42. 5, 2
y
3x
4y O
10
O 2x 5y 10 0
43. 0, 0
y y
O
44.
x
1 , 2
2
y
x y
4x 2
45. none,
2
y
46. none, 4
y y
4
47. 8, none
8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
48. 1, none
y y
x x
O
O 2 4 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
27
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
49.
1 , 4
f (x )
1
f (x )
4x 1
50. 6,
3
g (x ) g (x )
O 0.5x 3
51.
52. Sample answer: x
x
O
x x y
5
The lines are parallel but have different y-intercepts. 53. 90 C 55.
160 120 80 40 4 3 2
54. 4 km
T (d )
56. 1.75b
1.5c
525
O1 2 3 4 d 40 80 120 T (d ) 35d 20 160
57.
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
c
1.75b 1.5c 525
58. Yes; the graph passes the vertical line test.
100
200
400b
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
28
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
59. no 61. A linear equation can be used to relate the amounts of time that a student spends on each of two subjects if the total amount of time is fixed. Answers should include the following. x and y must be nonnegative because Lolita cannot spend a negative amount of time studying a subject. The intercepts represent Lolita spending all of her time on one subject. The x-intercept represents her spending all of her time on math, and the y-intercept represents her spending all of her time on chemistry. 63. B
60.
21 2
units2
62. B
64. D R
{ 1, 1, 2, 4}, { 4, 3, 5}; yes

y
(4, 3)
( 1, 5) ( 1, 3)
O (2, 4)
65. D R
{0, 1, 2}, { 1, 0, 2, 3}; no

y
(1, 3) (0, 2) (1, 0) O (2,
66. 5x 0
26
x 1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
29
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
67. 5x 0 x 69. 3s 71.

1 3
6 or x 14
26
68. $7.95 70. 4 72. 74.

1 4 3 2 4 15
73. 2 75. 5
76. 78.
77. 0.4
0.8
Lesson 2-3 Slope Pages 7174

1. Sample answer: y 1 2. Sometimes; the slope of a vertical line is undefined. 4. 0
3. Luisa; Mark did not subtract in a consistent manner when using the slope formula. If y2 5 and y1 4, then x2 must be 1 and x1 must be 2, not vice versa. 5. 7.
1 2
y
6. 1 8.
y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
30
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
9.
10.
11.
12. 5.5 /hr
13. 1.25 /hr 15. 17.

3 5 5 2
14. 2:00 P.M.4:00 P.M. 16. 13 18. 4 20. 1

5 4
19. 0 21. 8 23. 4
22. undefined 24. 26. 0 28. 9 30. about 1.3 32.

y y
25. undefined 27. 1 29. about 0.6 31.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
31
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
33.
y
O
34.
x
35.
36.
37. about 68 million per year 39. The number of cassette tapes shipped has been decreasing. 41. 45 mph 43.
y
38. about 40. 55 mph
32 million per year
42. speed or velocity 44.

y
45.
46.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
32
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
47.
48.
49.
50.
x
O O
51. Yes; slopes show that adjacent sides are perpendicular. 53. The grade or steepness of a road can be interpreted mathematically as a slope. Answers should include the following. Think of the diagram at the beginning of the lesson as being in a coordinate plane. Then the rise is a change in y-coordinates and the horizontal distance is a change in x-coordinates. Thus, the grade is a slope expressed as a percent.
52.
54. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
33
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
x y
0.08x O
55. D
56. The graphs have the same y-intercept. As the slopes increase, the lines get steeper. 58. 10, 4
2x 5y 8 20 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
57. The graphs have the same y-intercept. As the slopes become more negative, the lines get steeper.
10 8 6 4 2
O 2 4x
59.
2,
8 3
y
60. 0, 0
y
O 4x 3y 8 0
x
O
7x
61. 63.
7
5 2
62. 5 64. 3a 1 x 36
34
4 7356
Algebra 2 Chapter 2
65. 5x 0
66. 5z 0 z
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
67. at least 8 69. 9 71. y 73. y 75. y 4x

5 x 2 2 x 3 1 2 11 3
68. 17a 70. y 2 72. y 74. y 9
b x 3x
3 x 5 4 5

1. D R 3. 6x { 7, 3, 0, 2}, { 2, 1, 2, 4, 5} y 4 2. 375 4. 10, 6
y
3x O
5y
30
5.
y
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
35
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
Lesson 2-4
1. Sample answer: y 3x
Writing Linear Equations Pages 7880

2 2. 6, 0 4. 2, 5
3. Solve the equation for y to get 2 3 y x . The slope of this

5 5
line is The slope of a parallel line is the same. 5. 7. y 9. y 11. y 13. 15.
1 , 2 2 , 3 5 2 3 , 2
3 . 5
5
3 x 4 3 x 5 5 x 4
6. y 2
16 5
0.5x
5 x 2
1 16 2
8. y 10. y 12. B 14. 16. 18. 20. y 22. y 2

3 , 4
0
3 , 5
17. undefined, none 19. y 21. y 23. y 25. y 27. y 29. y 31. y 33. y 0 x 4 0.8x 4 3x
1 x 2
c, d
5 x 3 29 3
6
7 2
24. y 26. y 2
17 5
0.25x
3 x 2 17 2
0.5x
4 x 5
28. y
4x
30. no slope-intercept form for x 7 32. y 34. y

3 x 2 3 x 4 1 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
36
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
35. y 37. y 39. y 41. d 43. 540
2 x 3 1 x 15
10 3 23 5
36. y 38. y 40. y 360 42. 180, 44. y 46. y
4x x 2x 360 75x
9 x 5
80 60 40 30 10 20 40
3 4 6 6000 32
y
9 x 5
3x 180c
45. 10 mi
32
x O 10 20 30
47. 68 F 49. y 51. y 0.35x 2x 4 1.25
48.
40
50. $11.75 52. A linear equation can sometimes be used to relate a companys cost to the number they produce of a product. Answers should include the following. The y-intercept, 5400, is the cost the company must pay if they produce 0 units, so it is the fixed cost. The slope, 1.37, means that it costs $1.37 to produce each unit. The variable cost is 1.37x. $6770 54. A
5 , 2
53. C x 55.
5 2
y 5
56.
57.
58. 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
37
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
59. 0 61. 63. 5r 0 r 65. 6.5 67. 5.85 66
60. 0.55 s 62. 5x 0 x 64. 3 66. 323.5 66
Lesson 2-5 Modeling Real-World Data: Using Scatter Plots Pages 8386
1. d 2. D { 1, 1, 2, 4}, R {0, 2, 3}; Sample answer using ( 1, 0) and (2, 2): 4 4a.
Temperature (C)
3. Sample answer using (4, 130.0) and (6, 140.0): y 5x 110
Atmospheric Temperature
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1000 2000 3000 Altitude (ft) 4000 5000
4b. Sample answer using (2000, 11.0) and (3000, 9.1): y 0.0019x 14.8 4c. Sample answer: 5.3 C 5a.
Households (millions)
Cable Television
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 Year
6a.
Lives Saved by Minimum Drinking Age

Lives (thousands) 25 20 15 10 5 0 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 Year
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
38
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
5b. Sample answer using (1992, 57) and (1998, 67): y 1.67x 3269.64 5c. Sample answer: about 87 million 7a.
20002001 Detroit Red Wings
60 50 Assists 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 Goals
6b. Sample answer using (1996, 16.5) and (1998, 18.2): y 0.85x 1680.1 6c. Sample answer: 28,400 8a.
Bottled Water Consumption
14 12 10 Gallons 8 6 4 2 0 91 93 95 Year 97 99
7b. Sample answer using (4, 5) and (32, 37): y 1.14x 0.44 7c. Sample answer: about 13 9a.
Revenue ($ millions)
8b. Sample answer using (1993, 9.4) and (1996, 12.5): y 1.03x 2043.39 8c. Sample answer: about 26.9 gal 10. Sample answer using (1990, 563) and (1995, 739): y 35.2x 69,485
Broadway Play Revenue

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 4 Seasons Since 9596 0
9b. Sample answer using (1, 499) and (3, 588): y 44.5x 454.5, where x is the number of seasons since 19951996 9c. Sample answer: about $1078 million or $1.1 billion 11. Sample answer: $1091 12. The value predicted by the equation is somewhat lower than the one given in the graph.
39
Algebra 2 Chapter 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
13. Sample answer: Using the data for August and November, a prediction equation for Company 1 is y 0.86x 25.13, where x is the number of months since August. The negative slope suggests that the value of Company 1s stock is going down. Using the data for October and November, a prediction equation for Company 2 is y 0.38x 31.3, where x is the number of months since August. The positive slope suggests that the value of Company 2s stock is going up. Since the value of Company 1s stock appears to be going down, and the value of Company 2s stock appears to be going up, Della should buy Company 2. 15.
40 35 Precipitation (in.) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 200 400 600 Elevation (ft)
14. No. Past performance is no guarantee of the future performance of a stock. Other factors that should be considered include the companies earnings data and how much debt they have.
World Cities
16. Sample answer using (213, 26) and (298, 23): y 0.04x 34.52
17. Sample answer: about 23 in.
18. Sample answer: The predicted value differs from the actual value by more than 20%, possibly because no line fits the data very well.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
40
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
19. Sample answer using (1975, 62.5) and (1995, 81.7): 96.1%
20. Sample answer: The predicted percent is almost certainly too high. Since the percent cannot exceed 100%, it cannot continue to increase indefinitely at a linear rate. 22. Data can be used to write a linear equation that approximates the number of Calories burned per hour in terms of the speed that a person runs. Answers should include the following. Calories Burned
While Running
1000 Calories 800 600 400 200 0 5 6 7 8 Speed (mph) 9
21. See students work.
Sample answer using (5, 508) and (8, 858): y 116.67x 75.35 about 975 calories; Sample answer: The predicted value differs from the actual value by only about 2%. 23. D 25. 1988, 1993, 1998; 247, 360.5, 461 27. 354 29. y 31. y 33. 3 21.4x 4x 6 42,294.03 24. A 26. y 21.4x 42,296.2
28. about (1993, 356.17) 30. about 613, about 720 32. y 34. 7
3 x 7 6 7
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
41
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
35.
37. 5x 0 x 39. 11 41.

2 3
29 3
36. 7 or x 16
37 3
38. 3 40. 0 42. 1.5
Lesson 2-6 Special Functions Pages 9295

1. Sample answer: [[1.9]] 3. Sample answer: f(x) 5. S 0x 1 10 2. 4. A 6. D R all reals, all integers 1
7. D R
all reals, all integers

g (x )
8. D R
all reals, all nonnegative reals

h (x ) h (x )
|x 4|
g (x )
2x O
x
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
42
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
9. D R
10. D
all reals, R
g (x )
5y 0 y
26
11. D
all reals, R
all reals
12. step function
13.
14. $6
Time (hr)
15. C 17. S 19. A 21.

5 4 3 2 1 O
16. A 18. S 20. P

y
22.
60
x 180 300
1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Minutes
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
43
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
23. $1.00
24. D R

f (x )
x x
3
f (x )
25. D R

g (x ) g (x ) x
O 2
26. D R
all reals, all even integers

f (x )
x f (x )
2x
27. D R
all reals, {3a 0 a is an integer.}

12 9 6 O 4 3 2 1 3 6 9 12
28. D R

g (x )
h (x )
h (x )
3x
x
1 2 3 4 O
x x
3
g (x )
29. D R

f (x )
30. D R
f (x )
x
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
44
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
31. D R

h (x )
32. D
all reals, R
g (x )
{y 0 y
3}
h (x )
| x|
g (x )
O
|x |
3 O
x x
33. D
all reals, R
g (x )
{y 0 y
4}
34. D R

h (x )
g (x )
|x |
4 O
x h (x )
|x 3| O
35. D R

f (x )
36. D R

f (x )
f (x )
O
|x
2|
x f (x )
1 4
37. D R

f (x )
38. D
all reals, R
f (x )
{y 0 y
3}
f (x )
|x
1 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
45
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
39. D R
{x 0 x 2 or x { 1, 1}
h (x )
2},
40. D R
all reals, {y 0 y 0 or y
f (x )
2}
O O
41. D
all reals, R
g (x )
{y 0 y
2}
42. D R
all reals, all nonnegative whole numbers

f (x )
x
O
f (x )
|x |
43. D R
all reals, all nonnegative whole numbers

g (x )
44. f(x)
2 if x 1 2x if 1 x x if x 1
g (x )
|x|
45. f (x) 47.
0x
20
46. {x 0 x 48. f (x)

e
0} 0 if 0 0.8 (x x 300 300) if x 300
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
46
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
49.
|x | |y | 3
50. A step function can be used to model the cost of a letter in terms of its weight. Answers should include the following. Since the cost of a letter must be one of the values $0.34, $0.55, $0.76, $0.97, and so on, a step function is the best model for the cost of mailing a letter. The gas mileage of a car can be any real number in an interval of real numbers, so it cannot be modeled by a step function. In other words, gas mileage is a continuous function of time.
2.10 1.80 1.50 1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30 Cost ($)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weight (oz)
51. B 53. Life Expectancy

78 76 74 72 70
52. D 54. Sample answer using (10, 69.7) and (47, 76.5): y 0.18x 67.9
Years Since 1950
55. Sample answer: 78.7 yr
56. y
3x
10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
47
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
57. y
2
5 f 6
58. {x 0 x 60. yes
3}
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
59. e y ` y
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
61. no 63. yes 65. yes
62. no 64. no

1. y
2 x 3 11 3
2. Houston Comets
250 200 150 100 50 0 65 70 75 80 Height (in.)
3. Sample answer using (66, 138) and (74, 178): y 5x 192 5. D R all reals, nonnegative reals
f (x )
4. Sample answer: 168 Ib
f (x )
|x
1| O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
48
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
Lesson 2-7
1. y 3x 4
Graphing Inequalities Pages 9899

2. Substitute the coordinates of a point not on the boundary into the inequality. If the inequality is satisfied, shade the region containing the point. If the inequality is not satisfied, shade the region that does not contain the point. 4.
y
3. Sample answer: y
0x 0
y
O
5.
6.
x
0
7.
8.
y
|2x | O
x
O
2y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
49
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
9.
10. 10c
13d
40
x
O
3|x |
11.
d
10c 13d 40
12. No; (3, 2) is not in the shaded region.
c
O
13.
14.
y
3
3y
x
O O
15.
y
6x
y
2 O
16.
17.
y y
4x 3
18.
x y
O 2 3x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
50
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
19.
y
1
20.
y
O
21.
4x 5y O
22.
10 0
x
6y 3 0
23.
y
1 x 3
y
5
24.
O
1 x 2
x
5
25.
26.
y
|4x | O
|x | O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
51
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
27.
28.
y x
|x
y
1| O 2
x y
|x | 3
29.
y x
O
30.
y y
1
y
|x |
x
O
|x |
31. x
2
y
32. y
3x
5
y
2 O
x y
3x 5
33.
350 250
34. yes
0.4x 150 50 O 50
0.6y
90
150 250 350 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
52
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
35. 4a
3s
2000
36.
800 600
4a 400 200 O
3s
2000
a 200 400 600 800
37. yes
38. 1.2a
b
6000 4000 2000 O
1.8b
1.2a 1.8b
9000
9000
a 2000 4000 6000 8000
39. yes
40.
|y | O
x x
41. Linear inequalities can be used to track the performance of players in fantasy football leagues. Answers should include the following.
42. A
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
53
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
Let x be the number of receiving yards and let y be the number of touchdowns. The number of points Dana gets from receiving yards is 5x and the number of points he gets from touchdowns is 100y. His total number of points is 5x 100y. He wants at least 1000 points, so the inequality 5x 100y 1000 represents the situation. y
12 10 8 6 4 2 O 50 100 200 300 x 5x 100y 1000
the first one 43. B 44.
[ 10, 10] scl: 1 by [ 10, 10] scl: 1
45.
46.
[ 10, 10] scl: 1 by [ 10, 10] scl: 1
[ 10, 10] scl: 1 by [ 10, 10] scl: 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
54
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
47.
48. D R

f (x )
O [ 10, 10] scl: 1 by [ 10, 10] scl: 1
f (x )
49. D
all reals, R
g (x ) g (x )
|x | O 1
{y 0 y
1}
50. D R

h (x )
x
O
h (x )
|x
3|
51.
Sales ($)
Sales vs. Experience

10,000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1 2 3 4 Years 5 6 7
52. Sample answer using (4, 6000) and (6, 8000): y 1000x 2000
53. Sample answer: $10,000 55. 3
54. 8 56.
1 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
55
Algebra 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Systems of Equations and Inequalities Lesson 3-1 Solving Systems of Equations by Graphing Pages 112115
1. Two lines cannot intersect in exactly two points. 3. A graph is used to estimate the solution. To determine that the point lies on both lines, you must check that it satisfies both equations. 2. Sample answer: x y 4, x y 4.
( 2, 5)
y y x
3
2x
9 O
5.
y
3x 2y 10
6.
y
4x O 2y 22
(2, 2) 2x 3y O 10
x x
6x 9y 3 (4, 3)
7. consistent and independent

y y x
4
8. inconsistent
y
2x 4y 8
y
O
x x
x
O
2y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
56
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
9. consistent and dependent

y
10. y y
0.08x 0.10x
3.2, 2.6
2y
8
1 x 2
11. The cost is $5.60 for both stores to develop 30 prints.
12. You should use Specialty Photos if you are developing less than 30 prints, and you should use The Photo Lab if you are developing more than 30 prints. 14.
O
13.
y
3x 1 O
y x
x
(1, 2)
3x
2x
(0,
8)
y y
15.
x
2y 6
16.
2x (4, 1) 3y
12 (3, 2) O
O 2x
x y
9 2x
17.
2y
11 (5, 3)
18.
y
7x 1 8y
(7, 6)
3x
7y
O 5x 11 4y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
57
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
19.
2x 3y 7 O
20.
(3.5, 0) 4x 2y 4
y
(1.5, 5)
O 2x 3y 7 8x 3y
x
3
21.
1 x 4
22.
y
1 x 3
y
6
2y
5 O
(4, 2)
x
6
2x
( 9, 3) O x
2 x 3
23.
1 x 2
y y
0
24.
y
4 x 3 1 y 5
3 O
O ( 4,
1 x 4 1 y 2
2) (3, 2
2 x 3 3 y 5
5)
25. inconsistent
y x
4

y y x
3
x
O
2x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
58
Algebra 2
Chapter 3

y x y
4

y
3x
x
6
x
O 4x
6x
2y
29. inconsistent
y y x
5

y
4x 2y 6
x
6x 3y 9
x
O 2y 2x 8

y
2y
32. inconsistent
y
x
2y 5
x x
O 8y 2x 1
x
O 6y 7 3x

y

y
1.6y 0.4x 1
0.8x
1.5y
10 O
1.2x
2.5y
4 O
x
0.25
0.4y
0.1x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
59
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
35. inconsistent
y
1 x 3

y
4 x 3
y
2
x
3y
2 2y 4x 3
37. ( 3, 1)
38. (1, 3), (2,

y
2x
1), ( 2,
y
1 4x O
3)
y x
7
2y
39. y
52
0.23x, y
80
40. (120, 80)

120
y
Cost ($) 80 40
80
52
0.23x
40
80 120 Miles
160
41. Deluxe Plan
42. Supply, 200,000; demand, 300,000; prices will tend to rise. 44. 250,000; $10.00
43. Supply, 300,000; demand, 200,000; prices will tend to fall.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
60
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
Population (Thousands)
45. y y
304x 15,982, 98.6x 18,976
46. 2015
24,000 20,000 16,000 12,000 0 4 8 12 16 Years After 1999 20
98.6x
18,976
304x
15,982
47. FL will probably be ranked third by 2020. The graphs intersect in the year 2015, so NY will still have a higher population in 2010, but FL will have a higher population in 2020. 49. You can use a system of equations to track sales and make predictions about future growth based on past performance and trends in the graphs. Answers should include the following. The coordinates (6, 54) represent that 6 years after 1999 both the instore sales and online sales will be $54,000. The in-store sales and the online sales will never be equal and in-store sales will continue to be higher than online sales. 51. C 53. ( 5.56, 12) 55. no solution
a b a 48b. b a 48c. b
48a.
d , e d e d , e
c b
f e
c b
f e
50. A
52. (3.40,
2.58)
54. (4, 3.42) 56. ( 9, 3.75)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
61
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
57. (2.64, 42.43)
58.
y
5 3x
59.
2x
y y
O 4
60.
x
O 2y 1
61. A 63. S 65. { 15, 9} 67. { 2, 3} 69. {9} 71. x 2 73.

z 3
62. C 64. { 13, 13} 66. 68. e 5, f

7 2
70. 8 6 1 1 18y 4y 6 72. 41a 74. x 76. 3x
2n 52 2 6y 10y 10
75. 9y 77. 12x 79. x
78. 15x
Lesson 3-2 Solving Systems of Equations Algebraically Pages 119122

1. See students work; one equation should have a variable with a coefficient of 1.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2. There are infinitely many solutions.
62
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
3. Vincent; Juanita subtracted the two equations incorrectly; y y 2y, not 0. 5. (1, 3) 7. (5, 2) 9. (6,
1 3
4. (4, 8)
6. (4,
1)
8. (9, 7) 10. no solution 12. C 14. (2, 7) 16. ( 6, 8) 18. (1, 1) 20. ( 1, 8) 22. (3, 1) 1) 24. ( 7, 9) 26. (6, 5) 28. (7,
1 3 2 3
20)
11. a3 , 2 b 13. (9, 5) 15. (3, 2) 17. no solution 19. (4, 3) 21. (2, 0) 23. (10, 25. (4, 27. ( 8, 31. a 3) 3)
1)
29. no solution
1 3 , b 2 2
30. ( 5, 8) 32. a , 2b 34. infinitely many 36. (2, 4) 38. 2, 12 40. 18 members rented skis and 10 members rented snowboards. 42. ( 5, ( 2, 2), (4, 4), 8), (1, 10)
33. ( 6, 11) 35. (1.5, 0.5) 37. 8, 6 39. x y 28, 16x 19y 478 41. 4 2-bedroom, 2 3-bedroom 43. x y 700x 45. 2x 4y 30, 200y
44. 18 printers, 12 monitors 15,000 2x 46. 10 true/false, 20 multiplechoice 48. a s 40, 11a 4s 335
100, y
47. Yes; they should finish the test within 40 minutes.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
63
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
49. 25 min of step aerobics, 15 min of stretching 51. You can use a system of equations to find the monthly fee and rate per minute charged during the months of January and February. Answers should include the following. The coordinates of the point of intersection are (0.08, 3.5). Currently, Yolanda is paying a monthly fee of $3.50 and an additional 8 per minute. If she graphs y 0.08x 3.5 (to represent what she is paying currently) and y 0.10x 3 (to represent the other long-distance plan) and finds the intersection, she can identify which plan would be better for a person with her level of usage. 53. A
50. (4, 6) 52. C
54. inconsistent
y y x
2
x y x
1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
64
Algebra 2
Chapter 3

y
4y 2x 4

y
3x O
1 O
x
1
1 x 2
2x
57.
58.
O O
x x y
3 5y 4x 20
59.
3x 9y 15 O
60. 7x
4; 7,
1,
61. x 63. 2x 65. 3x 67. yes 69. no
y y 2y
0; 1,
1, 0 1, 3
62. 3x 64. x 68. no 70. yes
5y 2y
2; 3, 5, 2 6; 1, 2, 6
3; 2,
21; 3, 2, 21
66. 0.6 ampere
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
65
Algebra 2
Chapter 3

1.
( 1, 7)
y y
3x 10
2.
2x 3y O
y
(3, 2) 12
x
2x
y
O
3. (2, 7) 5. Hartsfield, 78 million; OHare, 72.5 million
4. (4,
1)
Lesson 3-3
Solving Systems of Inequalities by Graphing Pages 125127

2. true 2 4.
y
1. Sample answer: y x 3, y x 3a. 4 3b. 2 3c. 1 3d. 3
2 O
x x
4
5.
y
2x 4 O
6.
x
y y
2 O
x x
1
x x
3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
66
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
7.
y
2x 1
8. ( 3,
x
1 2y
3), (2, 2), (5,
3)
x
3
9. ( 4, 3), (1,
2), (2, 9), (7, 4)
10.
10 m 8 Muffins 6 4 2
2 2.5b 3.5m 28
m
2 4
b
0 6 8 Bagels 10 12
11. Sample answer: 3 packages of bagels, 4 packages of muffins; 4 packages of bagels, 4 packages of muffins; 3 packages of bagels, 5 packages of muffins 13.
O
12.
y
O
x x
2
14.
x
x x
1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
67
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
15.
y y
2
16.
3x 2y 6 O 4x
2 x
x y
17.
4x
18.
7
y y
1 x 2
3y O
2y
2x
19. no solution
20.
y
1
y x x y
1 3
21.
x
3y 6 O
y x
2
22. no solution
23.
2x 2x 4y 7 O
y y
4
24. (0, 0), (0, 4), (8, 0)
x x
3y 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
68
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
25. ( 3, 27. ( 6,
4), (5,
4), (1, 4) 1)
26. (0, 4), (3, 0), (3, 5) 28. ( 11, 3), ( 1,

1 5 b 2
9), (2, 7), (10,
3),
(6, 4), a6, 29. ( 4, 3), ( 2, 7), (4, 1), a7 , 2 b

1 3 1 3
30. 16 units2
31. 64 units2
32.
Hours Raking Leaves
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
15
10x 2
12y
120
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Hours Cutting Grass
33. s h
16
111, s 130, 9, h 12
h
34. category 4; 13-18 ft
14 Storm Surge (ft)
h
12
12
10 8
130
s
0 80
111
s
100 120 140 Wind Speed (mph) 160
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
69
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
35.
Swedish Soda
y 14
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2
2x
1.5y
24
36. Sample answer: 2 pumpkin, 8 soda; 4 pumpkin, 6 soda; 8 pumpkin, 4 soda

2.5y 26
6 8 10 12 14 Pumpkin
37. 6 pumpkin, 8 soda 39. The range for normal blood pressure satisfies four inequalities that can be graphed to find their intersection. Answers should include the following. Graph the blood pressure as an ordered pair; if the point lies in the shaded region, it is in the normal range. High systolic pressure is represented by the region to the right of x 140 and high diastolic pressure is represented by the region above y 90. 41. Sample answer: y 6, y 2, x 5, x 43. (6, 5) 45.
y
38. 42 units2 40. B
42. ( 3, 8) 1 44. (8, 5)

y
46. infinitely many

y
2x 1 2x
( 2,
3)
x y
1 x 2
O 4 6x 3y
x
9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
70
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
47.
x
8y
y
12 (4, 2)
48. y
1 x 2
2x
49. 51. 8 53. 5
50. 54.
12 8.25
52. 27
Lesson 3-4 Linear Programming Pages 132135

1. sometimes 3.
y
(1, 4) (5, 2) (1, 2) O O ( 3, 1)
2. Sample answer: y x, y x 5, y 4.
y
( 5 , 1) 3
x
vertices: (1, 2), (1, 4), (5, 2); max: f (5, 2) 4, min: f (1, 4) 10
vertices: ( 3, 1), Q , 1R;

5 3
min: f ( 3, 1) no maximum
17;
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
71
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
5.
6.
(1, 3) (6, 3)
y
(7, 8.5) (2, 6)
(0, 1) O
(10, 1)
vertices: (0, 1), (1, 3), (6, 3), (10, 1); max: f (10, 1) 31, min: f (0, 1) 1
O (2, 0)
(7,
5)
vertices: (2, 0), (2, 6), (7, 8.5), (7, 5); max: f(7, 8.5) 81.5, min: f(2, 0) 16 7.
y
( 2, 4) (4, 1) O O ( 2, 3) (2, 3)
8.
( 1, 2)
y
(2, 3)
x
(3, 2)
( 3,
1)
vertices: ( 2, 4), ( 2, 3), (2, 3), (4, 1); max: f(2, 3) 5; min: f ( 2, 4) 6 9. c 0, l 4c 2l 0, c 104 3l 56, 10.
vertices: ( 3, 1), ( 1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2); max: f(3, 2) 5, min: f( 1, 2) 3
28
Leather Tote Bags
24 20 16 12 8 4 (0, 0) 0 4 8 (26, 0) 12 16 20 24 Canvas Tote Bags 28 c (20, 12)
(0, 18 2 ) 3
11. (0, 0), (26, 0), (20, 12), a0, 18 b

2 3
12. f(c, l) 14. $820

72
20c
35l
13. 20 canvas tote bags and 12 leather tote bags

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
15.
y
(6, 13)
16.
(3, 5)
(0,
4) (3, 4)
(0, 1) O
(6, 1)
vertices: (0, 1), (6, 1), (6, 13); max: f (6, 13) 19; min: f (0, 1) 1 17.
y
(5, 8) (2, 3) (2, 1) (1, 4) O (1, 2) O (5, 2) (4, 4) (4, 1)
18.
vertices: (1, 4), (5, 8), (5, 2), (1, 2); max: f (5, 2) 11, min: f (1, 4) 5 19.
y
(3, 5)
vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 4), (4, 1); max: f (4, 4) 16; min: f (2, 1) 5
20.
y
12 8 (2, 8) (2, 2) 4 8 (6, 8 (6, 12)
( 3,
1)
x
4
4 O 4
x
6)
vertices: ( 3, 1), (3, 5); min: f ( 3, 1) 9; no maximum
vertices: (2, 2), (2, 8), (6, 12), (6, 6); max: f(6, 12) 30, min: f(6, 6) 24
73
Algebra 2 Chapter 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
21.
22.
(2, 1)
y
(0, 7) (4, 3)
(0, 2) O (0, 0)
x
(3, 0) (0, 0) O (2, 0) x
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 1), (3, 0); max: f (0, 2) 6; min: f (3, 0) 12 23.
y
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 7), (4, 3), (2, 0); max: f (4, 3) 14; min: f (0, 7) 14 24.
y
(8, 6) (0, 4)
(3, 0) O (0, 3)
x
(4, 0) O
vertices: (3, 0), (0, 3); min: f (0, 3) 12; no maximum 25.
(0, 2)
vertices: (0, 4), (4, 0), (8, 6); max: f (4, 0) 4; min: f (0, 4) 8 26.
y
(4, 3)
(0, 2)
(4, 3) (2, 0)
(7 , 1) 3 3
vertices: (0, 2), (4, 3), 7 1 a , b; max: f (4, 3) 25,
3 3
min: f (0, 2)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
74
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
27.
y
(2, 5)
28.
(2, 2) (3, 0) x (0, 1) (0, 0) O (4, 1)
x
(5, 0)
vertices: (2, 5), (3, 0); min: f (3, 0) 3, no maximum 29.

y
(2, 3) (4, 4) (5, 3) (4, 1)
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 1), (2, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0); max: f (5, 0) 15, min: f (0, 1) 5 30a. Sample f (x, y) 30b. Sample f (x, y) 30c. Sample f (x, y) 30d. Sample f (x, y) 30e. Sample f (x, y) 32.
Graphing Calculators
(2, 1) O
vertices: (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 4), (5, 3); max: f(4, 1) 0, min: f (4, 4) 12 31. g 0, c 0, 1.5g 85, g 0.5c 40 2c
answer: 2x y answer: 3y 2x answer: x y answer: x 3y answer: x 2y
50 40 30
(0, 42.5) 20 10 0 (0, 0)
(30, 20) (40, 0)
c
50
10 20 30 40 CAS Calculators
33. (0, 0), (0, 42.5), (30, 20), (40, 0) 35. 30 graphing calculators, 20 CAS calculators 37. See students work.
34. f (g, c) 36. $2800 38. c 0, s 4c 5s
50g
65c
0, c s 20,000
4500,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
75
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
39. (0, 0), (0, 4000), (2500, 2000), (4000, 0)

S
4000 3000 2000 1000 (0, 0) 0 2000 (4500, 0) 4000 (0, 4000) (2500, 2000)
40. 2500 acres of corn, 2000 acres soybeans; $125,000
41. 4000 acres corn, 0 acres soybeans; $130,500 43. There are many variables in scheduling tasks. Linear programming can help make sure that all the requirements are met. Answers should include the following. Let x the number of buoy replacements and let y the number of buoy repairs. Then, x 0, y 0, x 8 and x 2.5y 24. The captain would want to maximize the number of buoys that a crew could repair and replace, so f (x, y) x y. Graph the inequalities and find the vertices of the intersection of the graphs. The coordinate (0, 24) maximizes the function. So the crew can service the maximum number of buoys if they replace 0 and repair 24 buoys.
42. 3 chocolate chip, 9 peanut butter 44. A
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
76
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
45. C
46.
2y
x
O
x y x
4
47.
y
3x 2y 6
48. ( 5, 8)
x y
3 x 2
49. (2, 3) 51. c average cost each year; 15c 3479 7489 53. Additive Inverse 55. Multiplicative Inverse 57. 9 59. 16 61. 8
50. (5, 1) 52. about $267 per year 54. Associative Property ( ) 56. Distributive Property 58. 5 60. 3 62. 4

1.
y y x
0
2.
y
y x
3
x y x
4 O
3x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
77
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
3.
4x
16
4.
y
(1, 6) (0, 4)
3y
15
x
O
(0, 0)
(3, 0)
vertices: (0, 0), (0, 4), (1, 6), (3, 0); max: f (1, 6) 8, min: f (0, 0) 0 5.
y
(5, 6)
( 1, 3) (5, 1) O (1, 3)
vertices: (1, 3), ( 1, 3), (5, 6), (5, 1); max: f (5, 1) 17, min: f ( 1, 3) 13
Lesson 3-5 Solving Systems of Equations in Three Variables Pages 142144

1. You can use elimination or substitution to eliminate one of the variables. Then you can solve two equations in two variables. 3. Sample answer: x y z 4, 2x y z 9, x 2y z 5; 3 5 2 4, 2( 3) 5 2 9, 3 2(5) 2 5 2. No; the first two equations do represent the same plane, however they do not intersect the third plane, so there is no solution of this system. 4. (6, 3, 4)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
78
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
5. ( 1, 7. (5, 2,
3, 7) 1)
6. infinitely many 8. no solution 10. 6c c s 3s r r 42, 13 , r

1 2
9. (4, 0, 8)
2s
11. 4 lb chicken, 3 lb sausage, 6 lb rice 13. ( 2, 1, 5) 15. (4, 0, 1) 17. (1, 5, 7) 19. infinitely many 21. a ,
1 3 1 1 , b 2 4
1 2
12. (3, 4, 7) 14. (2, 3, 6) 1)
16. no solution 18. (1, 2,

1 3 9 2 2 2
20. a , , b 22. (8, 3, 24. 3, 12, 5 26. 1-$100, 3-$50, and 6-$20 checks 28. $7.80 30. 88 3-point goals, 115 2-point goals, 152 1-point free throws 32. You can write a system of three equations in three variables to find the number of each type of medal. Answers should include the following. You can substitute b 6 for g and b 8 for s in the equation g s b 97. This equation is now in terms of b. Once you find b, you can substitute again to find g and s. The U.S. Olympians won 39 gold medals, 25 silver medals, and 33 bronze medals.
79
6)
23. ( 5, 9, 4) 25. 8, 1, 3 27. enchilada, $2.50; taco, $1.95; burrito, $2.65 29. x y z 355, x 2y 3z 646, y z 27 31. a y
4 ,b 3 4 2 x 3 1 ,c 3 1 x 3
3; 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
Another situation involving three variables is winning times of the first, second, and third place finishers of a race. 33. D 35. 120 units of notebook paper and 80 units of newsprint 34. A 36.
y x
2
x
7 2x
37.
y
3x
38.
y
3
y
3x
O O 4y 2x 4
2y
39. Sample answer using (7, 15) and (14, 22): y x 8 41. x 43. 9s 3y 4t
40. Sample answer: about 47 42. 2z 8 16b
44. 18a
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
80
Algebra 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Matrices Lesson 4-1 Introduction to Matrices Pages 156158

1. The matrices must have the same dimensions and each element of one matrix must be equal to the corresponding element of the other matrix. 2. Sample answers: row matrix, [1 2 3], 1 column matrix, B R, 2 square matrix, B 5
1 2 0 0 R, 0 0 1 2 R, 3 4
3; 1;
3. Corresponding elements are elements in the same row and column positions. 5. 3 4 7. (3, 3)
4. 1
zero matrix, B
2 2
2;
6. (5, 6) 8.
High Low
9. 2 11. 3 13. 3 15. 3 17. a3, 19. (3, 21. (4,
5 1 3 2
1 b 3
10. 2 12. 4 14. 2
3 3 5
88 88 90 86 85 R 54 54 56 53 52
Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue
16. (2.5, 1, 3) 18. (5, 3) 20. (2, 5)
5, 6) 3)
22. (1.5, 3) 24. ( 2, 7) 26.

Adult Child Senior
23. (14, 15) 25. (5, 3, 2)
7.50 C 4.50 5.50
Evening Matinee Twilight
5.50 4.50 5.50
3.75 3.75 S 3.75
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
81
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
27. 3
28.
Catalina Grill Oyster Club Casa di Pasta Masons Steakhouse
Cost
Service
Atmosphere Location
** *** **** **
* ** *** ****
* * *** ****
* ** *** ***
29. Sample answer: Masons Steakhouse; it was given the highest rating possible for service and atmosphere, location was given one of the highest ratings, and it is moderately priced. 31.
Weekday Weekend
Single Double Suite
30.
Single Double Suite
Weekday Weekend
60 79 C 70 89 S 75 95 6 9 13 18 24 31 39
60 70 75 B R 79 89 95
32.
1 2 4 G 7 11 16 22
3 5 8 12 17 23 30
10 14 19 25 32 40 49
15 20 26 33 41 50 60
21 27 34 42W 51 61 72
33. row 6, column 9
34. Matrices are used to organize information so it can be read and compared more easily. Answers should include the following. If you want the least expensive vehicle, the compact SUV has the best price; the large SUV has the most horsepower, towing capacity and cargo space, and the standard SUV has the best fuel economy. Sample answer: Matrices are used to report stock prices in the newspaper. 36. C 38. (7, 3, 9)
35. B 37. (7, 5, 4)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
82
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
39. a 3, 5,
4 3
11b
40.
y
y x 2 y 2x 15
y O
vertices: (1, 3), (6, 3), a , max: f a , 41. 42.

13 19 b 3 3 83 , 3
13 19 b; 3 3
min: f (1, 3) 11
3
12
vertices: (3, 1), a ,

15 2 3 17 a , b; 2 2 . 15 5 max: f a , b 35, 2 2 3 17 1 min: f a , b 2 2
5 b, 2
vertices: (2, 1), (6, 3); min: f(2, 1) 1, no maximum
43.
Cost ($)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 Hours 5
44. step function
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
83
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
45. $4.50 47. 2 49. 20 51. 53. 55. 57.

3 2
46. 2 48. 0 50. 3 52. 6.2 54. 17 56. 75
10 18 3
Lesson 4-2
Operations with Matrices Pages 163166

2. Sample answer: [ 3 1], [3 1] 4. impossible 6. B 8. B 18 21 3 9 15 6 R 6 24
1. They must have the same dimensions. 4 4 3. C 4 4 S 4 4 5. B 9. B 7. B
1 10 R 7 5 21 12
22 8 R 3 24
11. Males
16,763 14,620 E14,486 9041 5234
29 R 22
Females
16,439 14,545 E12,679 7931 5450
549,499 477,960 455,305U, 321,416 83,411
10. B
10 6 R 1 7
456,873 405,163 340,480U 257,586 133,235

84
1,006,372 883,123 12. E 795,785U 579,002 216,646
3 30 R 26 11
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
13. No; many schools offer the same sport for males and females, so those schools would be counted twice. 15. impossible 4 17. C 6 14 8 10 12 2 16 S 4
10 14. C 4 S 5 16. B
15 0 0 13
18. [15
29 65
4 R 5
2]
13 19. C 3 S 23 23. C 5
1 2
1.5 3 R 21. B 4.5 9 2 25. C 4 7 38 27. C 32 18 29. D 1 2 6

2 10 3
1.8 9.08 20. C 3.18 31.04 S 10.41 56.56 22. C 4

3 2
15
9
1 2 2
2 1 3
4 6S 42 5T
2 3
1 1S 4
13 24. C 4 7
0 26. C 8 28
10 7S 5
12 28. C 3 13
16 20 S 4
120 97 64 75 30. Friday: C 80 59 36 60 S, 72 84 29 48
13 8S 37
112 87 56 74 Saturday: C 84 65 39 70 S 88 98 43 60
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
85
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
232 184 120 149 31. C 164 124 75 130 S 160 182 72 108 245 228 33. E319U 227 117
8 32. C 4 16
10 6 14
8 3 14
35. 1996, floods; 1997, floods; 1998, floods; 1999, tornadoes; 2000, lightning
15 41 34. E35U 27 51
1 10 S 12
36. Residents: Child Adult Before 6 3.00 4.50 B R After 6 2.00 3.50 Nonresidents: Child Adult Before 6 4.50 6.75 B R After 6 3.00 5.25
1.50 2.25 37. B R 1.00 1.75
38. Before 6:00:
After 6:00: 1.00 1.00 39. B R 1.50 1.50
Child Adult Residents 3.00 4.50 B R Nonresidents 4.50 6.75 Child Adult Residents 2.00 3.50 B R Nonresidents 3.00 5.25 B 1 1.5 6 R 2 8 0.2
41. You can use matrices to track dietary requirements and add them to find the total each day or each week. Answers should include the following. 566 18 7 Breakfast C 482 12 17 S , 530 10 11
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
40. 0.5 0.75 3 R 2B 1 4 0.1 42. D
86
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
Lunch
1257 40 26 Dinner C 987 32 45 S 1380 29 38 Add the three matrices: 2608 80 52 2091 67 82 . 2620 65 61 43. A 45. 1 47. 3 49. 4 4 3 3 44. 2 46. 2 48. 3 50. (3, 52. a , 6,
1 4
785 22 19 C 622 23 20 S, 710 26 12
2 4 2 4, 0)
1 b 6
51. (5, 3, 7) 53. (2, 5) 55. (6, 57. 1)
54. ( 3, 1) 56. 0.30p 0.15s 6 58. No, it would cost $6.30.
59. Multiplicative Inverse 61. Distributive Property
60. Associative Prop. ( ) 62. Commutative Prop. ( )
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
87
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
Lesson 4-3 Multiplying Matrices Pages 171174

1. Sample answer: 1 2 7 8 C3 4S B R 9 10 5 6 2. Never; the inner dimensions will never be equal.
3. The Right Distributive Property says that 1A B2C AC BC, but AC BC CA CB since the Commutative Property does not hold for matrix multiplication in most cases. 5. undefined 15 5 20 7. B R 24 8 32 9. B 24 R 41
4. 3
6. [19 15] 8. not possible 10. yes A(BC)

2 B 3
50 81 (AB)C
2 B 3
2 3
1 4 1 3 2 R B R B R 5 8 0 1 2
13 1 R B 5 24 28 R 62
B
6 R 16
50 81
16 2 3 2 R B R 1 2 28 3 28 R 62
1 R 5
4 1 3 2 R B R 8 0 1 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
88
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
11. [45 13. 4
55 2
15. undefined 17. undefined 19. [6]
350 280 65], C 320 165 S 180 120
12. $74,525 14. 2 16. 1 8 20. B 22 18. 3 22. B 2 5 5 11 R 12 40 11 S 23
21. not possible 1 23. B 29 25 1
24 25. C 32 48 B
27. yes AC BC 1 2 B R 4 3 B B 1 26 5 2 R 4 3 20 52 B)C

1 4
16 5S 11
2 R 30
24. not possible 0 64 26. C 9 11 3 39 28. yes c (AB) 3B 1 4 1 4 39 24 3B B 1 4 13 8
39 R 18
9 R 8
(A
20 52
5 4 0 R B 2 8 6 4 R 16
2 R 3
4 R 16
B
5 2 B
5 2
21 26
1 R 4
1 R 4
13 R 8
B 5 2 1 R 4
2 5 2 R B R 3 4 3 12 R 51 4 R 17
39 24 A(cB) B B
5 4
2 R 3
1 R 4
15 6 2 R RB 12 9 3 12 R 51
2 5 2 R 3 B R 3 4 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
89
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
29. no C (A
5 B 2
12 6 B R 40 24 AC BC 1 2 5 B R B 4 3 2 5 2 5 B R B 4 3 2 B 1 B 26 20 52 9 R 8 4 R 16
5 B 2
1 1 R B 4 4
B)
1 4 0 R B R 4 8 6 1 R 4
2 R 3
5 2 R 4 3
30. no ABC
B
CBA B B
5 2
290 165 210 31. C 175 240 190 S 110 75 0 14,285 33. C 13,270 S 4295
B e f R g h
21 B 26
1 R 4
13 R 8
B B
1 4
13 8 73 6
2 5 2 5 R B R B 3 4 3 2
21 26
31 81 R 58 28
1 5 2 1 R B R B 4 4 3 4
4 5 R B 17 2 3 R 76
1 R 4
1 R 4
13 1 R B 8 4
2 R 3
2 R 3
22 32. C 25 S 18 72 68 36. D 90 86
34. $31,850
a b R c d
35. any two matrices B where bg and e h 96.50 99.50 37. D T 118 117 39. $431 41. $26,360
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
and d,
cf, a
49 1.00 63 R T, B 56 0.50 62
38. Juniors 40. $24,900 42. $1460

90
Algebra 2 Chapter 4
43. a 1, b 0, c 0, d the original matrix
1;
44. Sports statistics are often listed in columns and matrices. In this case, you can find the total number of points scored by multiplying the point matrix, which doesnt change, by the record matrix, which changes for each season. Answers should include the following. P R [479] Basketball and wrestling use different point values in scoring. 46. A 48. impossible 50. (7, 52. (2, 54.
3 ; 2
45. B 12 6 47. B R 3 21 20 2 49. B R 28 12 51. (5, 9)
4) 5, 7)
53. $2.50; $1.50
55. 8;
16
56. 2;
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
91
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
57.
58.
59.
60.

1. (6, 3) 3. (1, 3, 5) 2. (5, 1) 120 80 64 75 4. B R, 65 105 77 53 6. B 8. B B 112 79 56 74 R 69 95 82 50 3 5 R 3 13 10 0 15 7 8 23 20 25 R 20 35 10 R 16
5. 7. 9.
B B
232 159 120 149 R 134 200 159 103 4 3 R 1 3
not possible
10. B
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
92
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
Lesson 4-4
Transformations with Matrices Pages 178181
1.
Transformation reflection rotation translation dilation
Shape same same same changes
Size same same same same
Isometry yes yes yes no
2. B 4. B 6.
3 2
3 2
3. Sample answer: 4 4 4 B R 1 1 1 5. A(4, 3), B(5, 6),

C( 3, 7)
3 1
3 1
3 R 1
3 R 2
7. B
9. A(0, 4), B(5, 4), C(5, 0), D(0, 0) 11. B 13. D( 3, 6), E( 2, F( 10, 4) 3),
0 5 5 0 R 4 4 0 0
8. A(0, 12), B(15, 12), C(15, 0), D(0, 0) 10. A(0, 4), B( 5, 4), C( 5, 0), D(0, 0) 12. B 14. 4 2 4 2 4 R 2
15. B
0 2
1.5 1.5
2.5 R 0
93
16. A(0, 6), B(4.5, C( 7.5, 0)
4.5),
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
17.
18. B
1 1
2 4
7 R 1
19. X( 1, 1), Y( 4, 2), Z( 1, 7)
20.
21. B 23.
2 5 4 1 R 4 4 1 1
y D
22. D(4, F(1,
2), E(4, 4), G(1, 2), F(8,
5), 1) 9)
24. E(6,
G O G'
F
x
D' F'
25.
E'
1)
J( 5, 3), K(7, 2), L(4,
26. B
2 3
4 3 2 3
2 5 4 3
2 3 R 5 2
3 R ( 1) 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
94
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
27.
28. 180 rotation
29. B 31. B
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
4 4 R 4 4 4 R 4
30. B
4 4
4 4
32. The figures in Exercise 29 and Exercise 30 have the same coordinates, but the figure in Exercise 31 has different coordinates. 34. ( 3.75, 2.625)
4 4 R 4 4
33. ( 1.5, 1.5), ( 4.5, 1.5), ( 6, 3.75), ( 3, 3.75) 3 35. B R 4
36. (6.5, 6.25) 8), and 38. The object is reflected over the x-axis, then translated 6 units to the right. 40. No; since the translation does not change the y-coordinate, it does not matter whether you do the translation or the reflection over the x-axis first. However, if the translation did change the y-coordinate, then order would be important. 42. There is no single matrix to achieve this. However, you could reflect the object over the y-axis and then translate it 2(3) or 6 units to the right.
37. ( 8, 7), ( 7, (8, 7) by B

0 R, 1 6 0
39. Multiply the coordinates result to B R. 41. (17,

1 0
then add the
2), (23, 2)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
95
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
43. Transformations are used in computer graphics to create special effects. You can simulate the movement of an object, like in space, which you wouldnt be able to recreate otherwise. Answers should include the following. A figure with points (a, b), (c, d), (e, f ), (g, h), and (i, j) could be written in a 2 5 multiplied on the left by the 2 2 rotation matrix. The object would get smaller and appear to be moving away from you. 45. A 47. undefined 11 49. C 18 33 51. 24 13 8 7 8S 21 matrix B
a c e g i R b d f h j
44. B
and
46. 2 48. 2
2 5 10 46 3 24 9S 7
20 50. C 31 10 52.
D 53, 4, 56, R yes
5 4, 5, 66;
D R
{all real numbers}, {all real numbers}; yes
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
96
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
53.
54. 0 x 0
55. 0 x 0 57. 0 x 59. 6 61. 28 63.

9 4
D R
5x 0 x 06, 5all real numbers6; no 2.8 10 1
56. 0 x
2 3
10
58. 513 mi 60. 5 62. 64.

10 3 5 3
1. Sample answer: B
Lesson 4-5 Determinants Pages 185188

2 1 R 8 4 2. Khalid; the value of the determinant is the difference of the products of the diagonals. 4. Sample answer: 3 1 4 3 B R, B R 6 5 1 3 6. 2 0 9 3 5 1 4 7 2
2` 1 4 ` 7 2 3` 0 4 ` 9 2 5` 0 9 1 ` 7
3. It is not a square matrix.
5. Cross out the column and row that contains 6. The minor is the remaining 2 2 matrix.
2( 2 28) 3(0 36) 5(0 ( 9)) 2( 30) 3( 36) 5(9) 60 108 45 213
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
97
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
2 0 9
3 5 1 4 7 2
2 3 0 1 9 7 4 108 45 56 2 3 0 1 9 7 ( 45) 213
0 0
3 5 1 4 7 2 4 108 0 ( 56) 0 7. 9. 11. 38 40 43 8. 0 10. 12. 0 14. 26 units2 16. 18. 0 20. 22. 24. 28. 0 30. 60 32. 265 34. 21 36. 49 38. 40.
5 , 3
2 0 9
28
13. 45 15. 20 17. 19. 22 29
22 14 6 37
21. 63 23. 32 25. 32 27. 58 29. 62 31. 172 33. 35. 37. 39. 22 5 141 6
26. 11.3
123 1
41. 14.5 units2 43. about 26 ft2
42. 12 44. 2875 mi2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
98
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
1 1 1 45. Sample answer: 1 1 1 1 1 1
46. Multiply each member in the top row by its minor and position sign. In this case the minor is a 3 3 matrix. Evaluate the 3 3 matrix using expansion by minors again. 48. C
47. If you know the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle, you can use a determinant to find the area. This is convenient since you dont need to know any additional information such as the measure of the angles. Answers should include the following. You could place a coordinate grid over a map of the Bermuda Triangle with one vertex at the origin. By using the scale of the map, you could determine coordinates to represent the other two vertices and use a determinant to estimate the area. The determinant method is advantageous since you dont need to physically measure the lengths of each side or the measure of the angles between the vertices. 49. C 51. 53. 55. 36.9 493 3252
99
50. 63.25 52. 56. B 54. 0 2 1 1 2 25.21 2 R 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
57. A( 5, 2.5), B(2.5, 5), C(5, 7.5)
58.
59. [ 4] 61. undefined 63. [14 8]
65. 138,435 ft 67. y 69. y

4 x 3 1 x 2
2 26 R 9 12 62. undefined 7 69 64. B R 5 16 66. y x 2 68. y 2x 1 70. (0, 3)
60. B
71. (1, 9) 73. ( 1, 1) 75. (4, 7)
72. (2, 1) 74. (2, 5)
Lesson 4-6 Cramers Rule Pages 192194

1. The determinant of the coefficient matrix cannot be zero. 3. 3x 5y 6, 4x 2y 30 5. (0.75, 0.5) 7. no solution 9. a6,
1 , 2
2. Sample answer: 2x and 6x 3y 8 4. (5, 1) 6. ( 6,

2 3
8)
1 b 2
8. a 5, ,
2b
10. s d 4000, 0.065s 0.08d
297.50
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
100
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
11. savings account, $1500; certificate of deposit, $2500 13. ( 12, 4) 15. (6, 3) 17. ( 0.75, 3) 19. ( 8.5625, 21. (4,
2 5 3 6
12. (2,
1)
14. (3, 5) 16. (2.3, 1.4) 18. ( 0.75, 0.625) 19.0625) 20. a ,
2 3
1b
8)
22. (3, 10) 24. ( 1.5, 2) 26. ( 1, 3, 4) 28. a

11 39 , , 19 19 14 b 19
23. a , b 25. (3, 27. (2, 29. a

141 , 29
4) 1, 3)
102 244 b , 29 29
30. (11, 32. r 34. 8s 5 s 36. p r 3.2p

1 2
17, 14) s 8, 7r 13c 14c 5s 50
31. a
155 143 673 b , , 28 70 140
33. race car, 5 plays; snowboard, 3 plays 35. silk, $34.99; cotton, $24.99 37. peanuts, 2 lb; raisins, 1 lb; pretzels, 2 lb
604.79, 542.30 p 0, 16.8
c 5, 2r 2.4r 4c
38. If the determinant is zero, there is no unique solution to the system. There is either no solution or there are infinitely many solutions. Sample answer: 2x y 4 and 4x 2y 8 has a det 0; there are infinitely many solutions of this system. 2x y 4 and 0; 4x 2y 10 has a det there are no solutions of this system.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
101
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
39. Cramers Rule is a formula for the variables x and y where (x, y) is a solution for a system of equations. Answers should include the following. Cramers Rule uses determinants composed of the coefficients and constants in a system of linear equations to solve the system. Cramers Rule is convenient when coefficients are large or involve fractions or decimals. Finding the value of the determinant is sometimes easier than trying to find a greatest common factor if you are solving by using elimination or substituting complicated numbers. 41. 111 , 69 43. 40 45. B 47. 1 1 1 R 3 3 3
40. B
42. 16 44. 53
46. A(1, 5), B( 2, 2), C( 1, 1) 48.

y
( 2, 1) O
3x
x
2x 5
( 2,
1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
102
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
49.
y x y
(4, 3) 7
50.
O
y
2x 4y 12
x
O
1 x 2
2y
10
(4, 3) 51. c 10h 35 72 9 53. B R 66 23
no solution 52. [ 4 32] 21 54. B R 43
1. B 3.
1 2
4 1
1 4
2 R 1
2. A( 1, 2), B( 4, C( 1, 4), D(2, 4. 22
1), 1)
5.
58 5)
6.
105 2)
7. 26 9. (4,
8. (1,
10. (1, 2, 1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
103
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
Lesson 4-7
1 0 1. D 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 T 0 1
Identity and Inverse Matrices Pages 198201
3. Sample answer: B 5. yes 7. no inverse exists
3 3 R 3 3
2. Exchange the values for a and d in the first diagonal in the matrix. Multiply the values for b and c by 1 in the second diagonal in the matrix. Find the determinant of the original matrix. Multiply the negative reciprocal of the determinant by the matrix with the above mentioned changes. 4. no 6. B 8. 2 5 R 3 8
1 B 27
4 7
9. See students work. 11. yes 13. no 15. yes 17. true 19. false 21. no inverse exists 23. 25.
1 1 B 7 4 1 B 4
10. yes 12. no 14. yes
1 R 5
16. true 18. true 1 1 0 R 20. B 5 0 5 22.

1 B 34 1 B 3
6 2
1 R 3
1 2
7 R 3
104
24. no inverse exists 26. 7 3 R 2 4
2 R 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
27.
29.
31. 10 C
1 B 32
1 B 12
6 5 1 5 R 6 2
3 4 1 5
0 R 2
28. no inverse exists 30. 4 C

1 4 1 6 3 4 1 2
5 8
3 10
32a. no 32b. Sample answer:

y
C A B
O A'
B''
A'' C''
B' C'
33a. yes 33b. Sample answer:
34. B
0 0
2 2 4 R 2 6 4
35. B
0 0
37. dilation by a scale factor of
4 4 8 R 4 12 8
36. dilation by a scale factor of 2 38. B D

1
1 2
1 2 0
0 1 2
inverse transformation is the original figure.
T;
the graph of the
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
105
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
39. MEET_IN_THE_LIBRARY 41. BRING_YOUR_BOOK 43. a 1, d 1, b c 0
40. AT_SIX_THIRTY 42. See students work. 44. A matrix can be used to code a message. The key to the message is the inverse of the matrix. Answers should include the following. The inverse matrix undoes the work of the matrix. So if you multiply a numeric message by a matrix it changes the message. When you multiply the changed message by the inverse matrix, the result is the original numeric message. You must consider the dimensions of the coding matrix so that you can write the numeric message in a matrix with dimensions that can be multiplied by the coding matrix. 46. D 48. no inverse exists 50. C 52. F
3 5 1 3 2 5 16 1 4 5 32 2 5
47. B
45. A 49. C 51. F 5 6

1 5 2 5
3 5 1 5
1
1 3 7 3
9 R 11
1 3
1
2 3 8 3
53. (2,
4)
0V
1 3
1 2 2 1 8
1 16
0
3 16
1 32
54. (0, 7)
1 V 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
106
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
55. ( 5, 4, 1) 57. 59. 1 61. 63.

5 2
56. 52 58. 0 60. 3

1 3 3 8
14
62. 64.
65. 7.82 tons/in2 67. 5 69. 3 71. 300 73. 75. 4 77. 34 2
1 2
66. 27 68.
1 2
70. 296 72. 74. 6 76. 27 1
Lesson 4-8
1. 2r 3s
Using Matrices to Solve Systems of Equations Pages 205207

4, r 4s 2 2. Sample answer: x and 2x 6y 16 4. B 1 1 1 x R B R 3 y 5 7 0 3y 3 R 5 8 B
3. Tommy; a 2 1 matrix cannot be multiplied by a 2 2 matrix. 2 5. B 4 7. (5, 3 g R B R 7 h 8 B R 5
3 6. C 4 2
2)
9. ( 3, 5)
10. (1, 1.75)
9 C 3S 12 8. (1.5, 4)
2 1S 1
a CbS c
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
107
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
11. h 13. B 4 3
1, c
3 15. B 6
7 x R B R 5 y
12
7 m R B R 5 n 2 3 S 3
2 B R 9
43 B R 10
12. B 14. B
3 1
2 16. C 7 3
5 3
6 a R B R 2 b 1 C 7S 5 3 0 6
1 x R B R 2 y
5 3S 1 0 6S 1
a CbS c
0 R 21
47 R 17
3 17. C 1 4
3 19. C 11 5
9 C 11 S 1
5 7 0
x CyS z r CsS t
1 18. C 2 9
21 C 15 S 7 21. (3, 4) 23. (6, 1) 25. a

1 , 3
5 12 8
6 16 S 3
20. (5,
8 C 27 S 54 2)
1 5 10
x CyS z
22. ( 2, 3) 24. a ,
1 2
3b 3)
4b 2)
26. (2,
27. ( 2, 29. (0, 9) 31. a , b

3 1 2 3
28. (7, 3) 30. a 1, b

9 2
32. 27 h of flight instruction and 23 h in the simulator 34. 80 mL of the 60% solution, and 120 mL of the 40% solution
33. 2010
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
108
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
35. The solution set is the empty set or infinite solutions.
36. The food and territory that two species of birds require form a system of equations. Any independent system of equations can be solved using a matrix equation. Answers should include the following. Let a represent the number of nesting pairs of Species A and let b represent the number of nesting pairs of Species B. Then, 140a 120b 20,000 and 500a 400b 69,000. a B R b
1 B 4000
400 500
a 70 and b 85, so the area can support 70 pairs of Species A and 85 pairs of Species B. 3, 2)
3 4 1 2
120 20,000 R B R; 140 69,000
37. D 39. ( 6, 2, 5) 41. (0, 43. B 4 7 2) 1, 3) 5 R 9
38. 17 small, 24 medium, 11 large 40. (1, 42. C
1 1
44. no inverse exists 46. (4.27, 50. { 5, 1} 5.11)
45. (4, 47. ( 6,
8)
48. about 114.3 ft
49. { 4, 10} 51. {2, 7}
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
109
Algebra 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 5 Polynomials Lesson 5-1 Monomials Pages 226228

1. Sample answer: (2x 2)3 8x 6 since (2x 2)3 2x 2 2x 2 2x 2 2x x 2x x 2x x 8x 6 3. Alejandra; when Kyle used the Power of a Product Property in his first step, he forgot to put an exponent of 2 on a. Also, in his second step, ( 2) 5. 16b 4 7. 6y 2
2
2. Sometimes; in general, x y x z x y z, so x y x z x yz when y z yz, such as when y 2 and z 2. 4. x 10
should be , not 4. 6. 1 8. 10. 12. 105 103

ab 4 9 1 w z 1 4x 6
12 6
1 4
9. 9p 2q 3 11.
9 c d
2 2
13. 4.21 15. 3.762 19. b 4 21. z10 23. 25. 27. 29. 8c 3 y 3z 2
14. 8.62 16. 5 18. a 8 20. n16 22. 16x 4 24. an 26.
28x 4 y2
10
100
17. about 1.28 s
21b5c 3 24r 7s 5
28. ab 30. 24x 4y 4 32.

1 4y 4
31. 90a4b4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
110
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
33. 35. 37. 39. 41.
a 2c 2 3b 4 m 4n 9 3 8y 3 x6 1 3 6 v w 2x 3y 2 5z 7
34. 36. 38. 40.
cd 4 5 a4 16b 4 1 x y
2 2
a 4b 2 2
42. 6 44. 4.623 104 10 10 1010 10

7 7 3
43. 7 45. 4.32 47. 6.81 49. 6.754 51. 6.02 53. 6.2 55. 1.681 57. 2 10
102 10
4
46. 1.843 48. 5.0202 50. 1.245 52. 4.5 54. 4.225 56. 6.08 58. 1.67
108 1010
108
5
102 109 109 1025
59. about 330,000 times 61. Definition of an exponent
60. 10010 (102)10 or 1020, and 10100 1020, so 10100 10010. 62. (ab)m m factors 6447448 ab ab p ab m factors m factors 64748 64748 a a p a b b p b a mb m
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
111
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
63. Economics often involves large amounts of money. Answers should include the following. The national debt in 2000 was five trillion, six hundred seventy-four billion, two hundred million or 5.6742 1012 dollars. The population was two hundred eighty-one million or 2.81 108. Divide the national debt by the population.
5.6742 2.81 1012 108
64. D
$2.0193 104 or about $20,193 per person. 65. B 67. ( 3, 3) 69. C

1 2 3 2 S
66. (1, 2) 2 68. c 1 70. 6
5 d 2
71. 7 73. (2, 0, 4)
72. (2, 3, 74.

y 8
7 6 5 4 0 0
1)
Median Age of Vehicles

Median Age (yr)
10 20 30 Years Since 1970
75. Sample answer using (0, 4.9) and (28, 8.3): y 0.12x 4.9 77. 7 79. 2x 2y
76. Sample answer: 9.7 yr 78. 3 3z
80. 3x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
112
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
81. 4x 83. 5x
8 10y
82.
6x
10 15
84. 3y
Lesson 5-2 Polynomials Page 231232

1. Sample answer: x 5 3.
x x x
2
x4
x
x3
2. 4 4. yes, 1
x x
2
x
2
x x
x x
5. yes, 3 7. 10a 9. 6xy 11. y 2 13. 4z 2 15. 7.5x 2 17. yes, 3 19. no 21. yes, 7 23. 3y 3y 2 5m 8xy 4ab 8x 2y 2 3a3b 2p 25 34x 48
113
6. no 2b 18x 8. 70 12.5x ft 2 3x 2 9x 7x 18 9n 2 8 8p3q 5 10. 10p 3q 2 12. x 2 14. 4m 2 16. yes, 2 18. no 20. yes, 6 22. 4x 2 24. r 2 15 4y 2 4xy 5 500 26. 4x 2 28. 4b 2c 30. 15a3b3 32. 6x 3 34. 46.75 38. a 2 40. 36 42. 8y 2 9a z2 16y 42
Algebra 2 Chapter 5
6p 5q 3 12mn
3y 1
3x r 6 3xy
7 6y 2 30a4b3 0.018x 18 15a5b6
25. 10m 2 27. 7x 2 29. 12a 3 31. 6x 2y 4 33. 2a4 35. 37. p 2 39. b 2 41. 6x 2
4bdz 9x 2y 12x 3y 2
4a4b4 5x 24
0.001x 2
36. $5327.50
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
43. a 6 45. x 2 47. d 2 49. 27b 3 51. 9c 2 53. R 2
b2 6xy 2 9y 2
1 d4
44. 2m 4 46. 1 48. xy 3 9bc 2 7d 2 W2 c3 50. x 3 52. 8c
7m 2
1 x
15
16c 2
y y3
27b 2c 12cd 2RW
18x 2
27x
10
54. 14; Sample answer: 1)(x 6 1) (x 8 14 8 6 x x x 1 56. D
55. The expression for how much an amount of money will grow to is a polynomial in terms of the interest rate. Answers should include the following. If an amount A grows by r percent for n years, the amount will be A(1 r )n after n years. When this expression is expanded, a polynomial results. 13,872(1 r )3, 13,872r 3 41,616r 2 41,616r 13,872 Evaluate one of the expressions when r 0.04. For example, 13,872(1 r)3 13,872(1.04)3 or $15,604.11 to the nearest cent. The value given in the table is $15,604 rounded to the nearest dollar. 57. B 59. 20r 3t 4 61.
b2 4a 2
58. 60.
64d 6
xz 2 y2
62. (1, 4)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
114
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
63.
64.
x y
O
x
1 x 3
65.
2x 1 O
66. x 2
67. 2y 3 69. 3a 2
68. xy 2
Lesson 5-3 Dividing Polynomials Pages 236238

1. Sample answer: x 5) (x (x 2 1) 2. The divisor contains an x 2 term. 4. 6y 6. x 7a y2 1 6 8. z 4 10. x 2 12. 2y 14. B 16. 5y 4d 2 18. 4n 2
6y 2 x
3. Jorge; Shelly is subtracting in the columns instead of adding. 5. 5b 7. 3a3 9. x 2 11. b3 13. 3b 15. 3ab 17. 2c 2 4 9a2 xy b 5 6b 2 3d 7a
3 12 2z 3 11x 5
2x
4z 2 34
5z
60 x 2
10
3xy 2 5m
3mn
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
115
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
19. 2y 2 21. b 2 23. n 2 25. x 3 27. x 2 29. y 2 31. a3 y
4yz 10b 2n 5x 2 3
8y 3z 4
20. 22. x
a2b 15 c
2 b
24. 2c 2 22
39 x 2
6 c 2
11x
26. 6w 4 30w 28. x 2 30. m 2
12w 3 60 3x 7 m2
5 m 13 c 2 3
24w 2
1 7a 7
3 a 1
6a 2
32. 2m 3 1
3m
33. x 4 19 35. g 37. t 4 39. 3t 2 41. 3d 2 43. x 3 45. x 47. x 49. x 2
3x 3
56 x 3
2x 2
6x
34. 3c 4 9 36. 2b 2
c3
2c 2
4c
5 2t 3 2t 2d x 3 2 x 3 4t 2 3 3
6 2x 3 2 3d 2
b 2y 3 4h x x2 1 3 3y 1
1 4y 2 17
4 b 1
5t
10
38. y 4 40. h 2 42. x 2 44. 2x 3 46. x 2 48. x 50. 2y 2
8y
51 2h 3
16
1
3x x2
2 3x 7 2 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
116
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
51. $0.03x
1000 x
52. Let x be the number. Multiplying by 3 results in 3x. The sum of the number, 8, and the result of the multiplication is x 8 3x or 4x 8. Dividing by the sum of the number and 2 gives
4x x 8 2
or 4. The end
result is always 4. 53. 170 55. x 3 57. x 2

170 t
2
54. 85 people 24 ft 56. x 2s 9r 2
x2 3x
6x
12 ft /s
58. Sample answer: r 3 27r 28 and r 3 60. A
59. Division of polynomials can be used to solve for unknown quantities in geometric formulas that apply to manufacturing situations. Answers should include the following. 8x in. by 4x s in. The area of a rectangle is equal to the length times the width. That is, A /w . Substitute 32x 2 x for A, 8x for /, and 4x s for w. Solving for s involves dividing 32x 2 x by 8x. A /w 2 x 8x (4x s) 32x
32x 2 8x x 1 8 1 8
4x 4x s
1 8
s s
4x
The seam is 61. D
inch. 62. x2 4x 14
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
117
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
63. y 4z 4 65. a 2 67. y 69. 9 71. 4 73. 6
y 3z 3 2ab x 2 b2
3y 2z
64. y 2 66. 5 68. y 70. 12 72. 3 74. 5
2y
2 x 3 4 3
15
102 s or 8 min 20 s

1. 6.53 3. 5. 108 2. 7.2 4.
a3 b4c 3
10
108x 8y 3
x2 z6
6. 2x 2t 3 8
19 m 4
5y n2 d 5n 3 2
7. 3t 2 9. m 2
8. n3 10. d 2
Lesson 5-4 Factoring Polynomials Pages 242244

1. Sample answer: x 2 2x 1 2. Sample answer: If a b 1, then a 2 b 2 1a b2 2 4. 4. b) 4) 4) 20h 400) 6x(2x 7)(3 6)(z
4 7
1 and 2 but
3. sometimes 5. a(a 7. (y 9. 3(b 11. (h 5 2)(y 4)(b 20)(h 2
1) y) 2) 13)
6. (x 8. (z 10. (4w 12.

x x
13)(4w
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
118
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
13.
2y y 4
14. x 5) 4c 3) 6) 1) 2) 1) 5c 4d ) 3)(4y 1)(x 1)(a 3)(3c 8)(n 6)2 z)(y 2 5)(z 2 1)(p 2b)(c b)(5ax 2)(x z) 5z 1)(p d )(c 4by 1) 25) 1) d) 3cz)
y cm 3b) 5) 4) 7) 3) 5) n) 3y) 2t 3)(x y 4) z) 5)(a 1) 4) 3)
15. 2x(y 3 17. 2cd 2(6d 19. (2z 21. (x 23. (2a 25. (2c 27. 3(n 29. (x 33. (y 2 35. (z 37. (p 2 39. (7a 41. (a 43. (3x 31. prime
16. 6ab 2(a 18. prime 20. (3a 22. (y 24. (2b 26. (3m 28. 3(z 30. (x 32. 3(m 34. 3(x 36. (t 38. (x 2 40. (8x 42. (a 44. (2y 46. 48.
x x x x 1 4 5 2
1)(x 1)(y 1)(b 2)(4m 3)(z 3)2 n)(m 3y)(x 2)(t 2 9)(x 3)(x 3b)(3a 1)(y
45. 30 ft by 40 ft 47. 49.

x x x
2
5 6 x 4 2x 4
50. x 52. x 1s 8 cm
51. x 53. 16x
2 16 ft /s
54. x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
119
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
55. (8pn
1)2
56. Factoring can be used to find possible dimensions of a geometric figure, given the area. Answers should include the following. Since the area of the rectangle is the product of its length and its width, the length and width are factors of the area. One set of possible dimensions is 4x 2 by x 3. The complete factorization of the area is 2(2x 1) (x 3), so the factor of 2 could be placed with either 2x 1 or x 3 when assigning the dimensions. 58. C 60. no; (x 2)(x 2 2x 4)
57. B 59. yes 61. no; (2x 63. t 2 65. x 2 67. 4x 2 69. [ 2] 71. 15 in. by 28 in. 73. no 75. Associative Property ( ) 77. irrational 79. rational 81. rational 2t 2 3xy 3y 2 1)(x 1 3)
62. yes 64. y 66. x 3 68. 14x 2 70. c 3 x2 2x 26x 4 2

1 3x 2
36 7 d 18 4
72. yes 74. Distributive Property 76. rational 78. rational 80. irrational
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
120
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
Lesson 5-5 Roots of Real Numbers Pages 247249

1. Sample answer: 64 2. If all of the powers in the result of an even root have even exponents, the result is nonnegative without taking absolute value. 4. 8.775 6. 2.632 8. 2 3 10. not a real number 12. 0 y 0 14. 0 4x 18. 0.933 20. 3.893 22. 4.953 24. 4.004 26. 26.889 28. 15 30. not a real number 32. 34.
1 4
3. Sometimes; it is true when x 0. 5. 7. 4 9. 11. x 2.668
13. 6 0 a 0 b 2 15. about 3.01 mi 17. 21. 12.124 7.830 19. 2.066 23. 3.890 25. 4.647 27. 59.161 29. 13 31. 18 33. 35. 37. 39. 43.
1 5
3y 0
16. 11.358
36. 0.5 0.4 0x 0 40. 7 0 m3 0 42. 3r 44. 25g 2 46. 5x 2 0 y 3 0

121
Algebra 2 Chapter 5
38. z 2
41. 8a 4 45. 4z 2
c2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
47. 6x 2z 2 51. 53. p
49. 3p 6 0 q 3 0 q
48. 13x 4y 2 50. 2ab 52. 0 4x 54. 0x y0
3c 3d 4 40
55. 0 z 59. 5
56. 0 2a 58. 2
10
20
57. not a real number 61. about 1.35 m 63. x 0 and y and x 0 0, or y 0
60. about 127.28 ft 62. about 11,200 m s 64. The speed and length of a wave are related by an expression containing a square root. Answers should include the following. about 1.90 knots, about 3.00 knots, and 4.24 knots As the value of / increases, the value of s increases. 66. D 2xy 3 5)(x x 5 5)
8 x 2
65. B 67. 7xy 2(y 69. (2x 71. 4x 2 73. c 4x 2)
68. (a 70. (c 72. x 3
3)(b 6)(c 2 x2 x
5) 6c 36)
810 2320 d 1418 2504 3) 11x 7a 9y 2 24 18
74. ( 2, 2) 76. (9, 4) 78. y 2 80. a 2 82. 6w 2 3y 3ab 7wz 10 2b 2 5z 2
75. (1, 77. x 2 79. a 2 81. x 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
122
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
Lesson 5-6 Radical Expressions Pages 254256

1. Sometimes;
1a 1
n
1a only
n
when a 1. 3. The product of two conjugates yields a difference of two squares. Each square produces a rational number and the difference of two rational numbers is a rational number.
4 5. 2x 0 y 0 2x
2. Sample answer: 22 23 22 4. 1527
9. 2a 2b 2 23 7. 24235
3 11. 2222
19. 5x 2 22 13. 2 15. 923

3 17. 322 3
25
8. 225 6.
3
214y 4y
10. 523 12. 3
4 323
323
25
215
14. about 49 mph 22. 2ab 2 210a 16. 622

4 18. 226 3 20. 2y22 3 24. 4mn23mn 2
21. 3 0 x 0 y 22y 23. 6y 2z 27 25. 27. 29.

1 c 0d 3
3
a 2 2b b2 26 2
26 2
4 0 2c
26. 28. 30. 32. 34.
1 wz 2
4
2r 4 2t t5 210 5
2 54 3
5 2wz 2
31. 3627 33.
60230 23 26
35. 323 37. 723 222
36. 522 38. 425
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
123
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
39. 25 41. 13 43. 45. 47.

28 1
2x 2 1 x 1 2
7 23 13 23
522 2222
526
223
40. 6 42. 8 44. 46.
5 26
326
48. 2x
12
7 22 23 22
2215
3 22
227
242
1
24.9h 4.9
49. 6
1622 yd, 24
622 yd2
50. The square root of a difference is not the difference of the square roots. 52. d v
51. 0 ft /s 53. about 18.18 m 55. x and y are nonnegative.
54. 80 ft /s or about 55 mph 56. The formula for the time it takes an object to fall a certain distance can be written in various forms involving radicals. Answers should include the following. By the Quotient Property of Radicals, t Multiply by
2g 2g 22d 2g . 22dg . g
to
rationalize the denominator. The result is h about 1.12 s 57. B 59. 12z 4 61. 0 y 63.
x x 1 4
58. D 60. 6ab 3 20 62.

x x 7 4
2 64. 9 3
124
4 15 5
Algebra 2 Chapter 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
65. c 69. 71. 5
1 5
4 d 4
66. 16, 68. $4.20 70. 2 72.

7 , 3
15
2, 4 66
1 76
73. 5x 0 x 75. 77. 79. 81.

1 4 5 6 13 24 3 8
74. 5x 0 x 76. 78. 80. 82.

1 2 13 12 19 30 5 12

1. x 2y (3x 3. a(x 5. 6 0 x 0 0 y 3 0 7. 0 2n 9. 1 3)2 30 17 y 1) 2. prime 4. 8(r 2s 2)(r 2 4a 2b 3 6. 8. 10.
3 22 2 x 2 2y y2
2rs 2
4s 4)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
125
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
Lesson 5-7 Rational Exponents Pages 260262

1. Sample answer: 64 3. In exponential form 2bm is 1 equal to (b m)n . By the Power of a 1Power Property, m m (b m )n b n . But, b n is also 1 equal to (b n )mby the Power of a Power Property. This last n expression is equal to ( 2b)m . n n Thus, 2bm (2b)m.
n 3 3 5. 2x 2 or (2x)2 3 4. 27
2. In radical form, the expression would be 2 16, which is not a real number because the index is even and the radicand is negative.
6. 264 8. 5 10. 9 12. a12

11 2
7. 63x 3y 3 9.
1 3
11. 2 13. x
2 3
14.
2 3
15. a b 17.
z (x x
19. 23
3 2
5 21. 26
5 5 23. 2c 2 or (2c)2
2y)2 2y
18. 23x 16.

m 3 n3 mn
2 1
z3 2z
3 22. 24
3 24. x 2 2x 2
20. $5.11
25. 232 27. 2 z 2 29. 2 31.

1 5
1
26. 623 28. 53 x 3 y 3 30. 6 32.

1 27
1 2 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
126
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
33.
1 9
34.
1 8
35. 81 37. 39.

2 3 4 3
36. 4096 38. 27 40.

1 2
41. y 4 43. b 5 45.

w5 w
1 5 1 1
42. x 3 44. a9 5 x6 46. x 48. r 2 54. 23 50.

2y 2 4
3 1 1
47. t 4 53. 25 49. 51.

y2 y a12 6a
2c 16 c x
15
52.
57. 25x 2y 2
6 55. 17217
3x 2 x 1
61. 12
4
59.
xy 1z z
6 56. 5255
62. 26
3
3
58. b29a 2b 60.
ab 2 c 2 c
3
63. 216 65. 22

3
5 32
1
64. x
x 3z 3
1
66. 2 3 3 68. about 262 vibrations per second
67. 880 vibrations per second
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
127
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
69. about 336
70. Rewrite the equation so that the bases are the same on each side. 1 9x 3x 2 1 (32 )x 3x 2 1 32x 3x 2 Since the bases are the same and this is an equation, the exponents must be equal. Solve 2x is x
1 . 2
1 . 2
The result
71. The equation that determines the size of the region around a planet where the planets gravity is stronger than the Suns can be written in terms of a fractional exponent. Answers should include the following. The radical form of the equation is r r D5
2 Mp . 2 B Ms
72. C
D5 a
B Ms
Mp
or
Multiply the
3 Ms 3 Ms
fraction under the radical by r D5

3 2 Mp Ms 5 B Ms
5 5 2Ms 5 2 3 2Mp Ms
2 Mp 2 B Ms
3 Ms 3 Ms
D5 D
5 2 3 D2MpMs
Ms
The simplified radical form is r

5 2 3 D2Mp Ms
Ms
If Mp and Ms are constant, then r increases as D increases because r is a linear function of D with positive slope.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
128
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
73. C 75. 3622 77. 8 79.

1 2 x 2
74. 2x 0 y 0 2x 76. 222 78. 4 0 x 50
80. 1440 2 22x 1 82. 2x 84. 4x 3 122x 9
81. x 83. x
Lesson 5-8
Radical Equations and Inequalities Pages 265267
1. Since x is not under the radical, the equation is a linear equation, not a radical equation. The solution is x
23 2 1 .
3. Sample answer: 2x 3 3 2x 5. 9 7. 15 9. 31 11. 0 13. 16 15. no solution 17. 9 19. 21. 1 20

129
2. The trinomial is a perfect square in terms of 1x . x 61x 9 (1x 3)2, so the equation can be written as (1x 3)2 0. Take the square root of each side to get 1x 3 0. Use the Addition Property of Equality to add 3 to each side, then square each side to get x 9. 4. 2 6. no solution 8. 18
3 2
10. b 4
39
12. about 13.42 cm 14. 49 16. no solution 18. 5 20.

27 2
22. 5
Algebra 2 Chapter 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
23. no solution 25. x 27. x 31. 3 33. 0 35. b 37. 3 43. Since 1x 2 0 and 12x 3 0, the left side of the equation is nonnegative. Therefore, the left side of the equation cannot equal 1. Thus, the equation has no solution. 39. 1152 lb 41. 34 ft x 5 2 1 11
24. 9 26. 28. y 30. 4 32. no solution 34. 0 36. c 38. 16 40. t a
79 16
2 4
29. no solution
4 2r 3 B GM
42. 21.125 kg 44. If a companys cost and number of units manufactured are related by an equation involving radicals or rational exponents, then the production level associated with a given cost can be found by solving a radical equation. Answers should include the following. 3 C 102n 2 1500 10,000 8500 850 8502
3
10n 3
C
1500
10,000 Subtract 1500 from each side. Divide each side by 10. Raise each side to the
3 power. 2
10n n3 n
2
2 3
24,781.55
Use a calculator.
Round down so that the cost does not exceed $10,000. The company can make at most 24,781 chips.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
130
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
45. D 47. 57
3
49. (x 2 51.
2 100 10
3
1)3
50. 6 0 x 3 0 y 22y 46. C 48. (x 7)2

1
52. 28 7, 30x
30x 20y 160
10 23
53. x y (2, 5)
y
20y
160;
54. 4
(2, 5)
55. 1 57. 59. 3
y 11 10x 8x 2
56. 2 58. 4
4x 6z 2z 2
Lesson 5-9 Complex Numbers Pages 273275

1a. true 1b. true 5. 5i 0 xy 0 22 7. 9. 6 11. 13.
7 17
2. all of them 3i and 4. 6i 6. 12 8. i 10. 42 12. 14. 3i i25 2i
3. Sample answer: 1 1 3i 18023 3i

11 i 17
2i22 3 3j amps
15. 3, 17. 10
16. 5, 4 18. 12i
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
131
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
19. 9i 23. 25. 27. 1 29. 31. 6 33. 4 35. 6 37. 39. 41.
21. 10a 2 0 b 0 i 12 75i i 5i 7i 8

10 17 2 5
20. 8x 2i 22. 24. 26. i 28. 30. 9 32. 2 34. 25 36. 8 38. 40. 42.
2 5 39 17
1322 48i 1 2i
4i
6 i 5 14 i 17
4i
6 i 17 1 i 5
163
11 14
43. 20 45.
1 3
15i
47. (5 49. 51. 53. 55. 57. 4, 59. 61.

5 , 3
2i 23 4i
25 i 2
2 22 i 3
44.
5 23 i 14
16i
46. (j ( 1 i )x 7 i 48. 50. 52. 54.
2i 210
2i )x 2
3i 25
i 26 i 23 i
4)x 2
(3
i )x
4i
56. 4, 5 58.
7 , 2
3 4
60. 3, 1 62. 5 18j volts 64. 4 2j ohms 2j amps
67 19 , 11 11
63. 13
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
132
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
65. Case 1: i 0 Multiply each side by i to get i 2 0 i or 1 0. This is a contradiction. Case 2: i 0 Since you are assuming i is negative in this case, you must change the inequality symbol when you multiply each side by i. The result is again i 2 0 i or 1 0, a contradiction. Since both possible cases result in contradictions, the order relation cannot be applied to the complex numbers. 67. C 69. 1, i, 1, i, 1, i, 1, i, 1
66. Some polynomial equations have complex solutions. Answers should include the following. a and c must have the same sign. i
68. C 70. Examine the remainder when the exponent is divided by 4. If the remainder is 0, the result is 1. If the remainder is 1, the result is i. If the remainder is 2, the result is 1. And if the remainder is 3, the result is i. 72. 11 74. x 15
7
71. 12 73. 4 75. y 77. c

1 3
76. 1 2 2 d 1
a4 a
2 3
78. c
1 0
0 d 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
133
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
79. c
2 1 3 2
2 d 1
80.
B'
O
C' A'
81. sofa: $1200, love seat: $600, coffee table: $250
82.
y
2x 2
83.
x x y
2y 1 4
84.
1 10
85. 0
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
134
Algebra 2
Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Quadratic Functions and Inequalities Lesson 6-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions Pages 290293
1. Sample answer: f (x ) 3x 2 5x 6; 3x 2, 5x, 3a. up; min. 3b. down; max. 3c. down; max. 3d. up; min. 6 2a. (2, 1); x 2 2b. ( 3, 2); x 4a. 0; x 4b. 0; 0 x f(x) 1 4 0 0 1 4 3
4c.
f (x)
O (0, 0)
x f (x)
4x 2
5a. 0; x 5b.
1;
6a. 6b.
1; x x 0 1 2 3 4
2; 2 f(x) 1 2 3 2 1
x f(x) 3 3 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 3
5c.
f(x)
6c.
f(x) (2, 3) f (x) x2 4x 1
O f (x) x2 2x O ( 1, 1) x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
135
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
7a. 3; x 7b. x 6 5 4 3 2
4;
8a. 1; x 8b.
1; 1
f(x) 9 12 13 12 9
f(x) 10 8 4 O 4 8 x
x f(x) 1 7 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 7
7c.
8c.
f(x)
f (x) O (1, 1)
2x 2
4x x
f (x)
8x
3 ( 4, 13)
12
9a. 0; x 9b. x 3 2
5 3
5 ; 3
5 3
10. max.; 7
f(x) 3 8
25 3
1 0 9c.
4 2
7 0
f(x) 4 O 4 2 x
5 , 3
25 3
8 f (x) 12
3x 2
10x
11. min.;
25 4
12. min.; 0
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
136
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
13. $8.75
14a. 0; x 14b.
0; 0
x f(x) 2 8 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 8
14c.
f (x)
f (x )
(0, 0) O
2x
15a. 0; x 15b.
0; 0
16a. 4; x 16b.
0; 0
x f(x) 2 20 5 1 0 0 1 5 2 20
x f(x) 2 8 1 5 0 4 1 5 2 8
15c.
O f (x ) 5x
2
f(x) (0, 0) x
16c.
12 8
f(x)
(0, 4) f (x ) 4 2 O 2
x2
4 4x
17a. 17b.
9; x
0; 0
18a. 18b.
4; x
0; 0
x f(x) 2 5 8 1 0 9 1 8 2 5
x f(x) 2 4 2 1 0 4 1 2 2 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
137
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
17c.
f(x) 4 4 2 O 4 2 4x
18c.
f(x)
(0,
9)
f (x )
x2
f (x )
2x 2
(0,
4)
19a. 191; x 19b.
0; 0
20a. 4; x 20b. x 0 1 2 3 4
2; 2
x f(x) 2 13 4 1 0 1 1 4 2 13
f(x) 4 1 0 1 4
19c.
f (x)
20c.
f(x)
f (x )
3x 2
1 O
(0, 1) x O (2, 0)
f (x )
x2
4x x
21a. 9; x 21b. x 3 4 4.5 5 6

f(x) 2 O 4 8 12
4.5; 4.5
22a. 22b.
5; x x 0 1 2 3 4
2; 2
p
4
f(x) 9 11 11.25 11 9
f(x) 5 8 9 8 5
f(x) O x
21c.
22c.
8 12 x
f (x )
x2 11 1
4)
9x
9 f (x ) x2 4x 5 (2, 9)
(4 1 , 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
138
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
23a. 36; x 23b. x f(x) 8 4 7 1 6 0 5 1 4 4
6;
24a. 24b.
1; x x f(x) 3 8 1 2 1 4 0 1 1 8
1;
23c.
f(x) 6 4 f (x ) x
2
24c.
f (x ) 3x 2 6x 1
f(x)
12x
36
2 8 4 ( 6, 0) O x
16
12
( 1,
4)
25a. 25b.
3; x x 0 1 2 3 4
2, 2
26a. 0; x 26b. x 2 1
2 3
2 , 3
2 3
f(x) 3 3 5 3 3
f(x) 4 1
4 3
0 1 26c.
2x 2 8x 3
0 7
25c.
f(x)
(2, 5) f (x )
2 4 , 3 3
)
O
f(x)
f (x )
3x 2
4x
27a. 0; x
5 ; 4
5 4
28a.
1; x
0; 0
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
139
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
27b.
x 3 2
5 4
f(x) 3 2
25 8
28b.
x 2 1 0 1 2
p
p
f(x) 1
1 2
1
1 2
1 0
3 0
1
f(x)
27c.
f(x) f (x ) O x 2x 2 5x
28c.
f (x )
0.5x 2
O x
5 , 4
25 8
)
6; 6 30a. 30b.
9 ; 2
(0,
1)
29a. 0; x 29b. x 8 7 6 5 4
x x 5 4 3 2 1
3,
f(x) 8 8.75 9 8.75 8

8 4 8 4 O 4 x f(x)
f(x) 2 0.5 0 0.5 2

f(x)
29c.
( 6, 9)
30c.
( 3, 0) f (x )
1 2 x 2
f (x )
0.25x
3x
3x
9 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
140
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
31a. 31b.
8 ; 9
1 1 ; 3 3
32. min.; 0
x 1 0
1 3
f(x)
7 9 8 9
1
5 9 7 1 9
f(x)
1 2 31c.
f (x )
2 x 3
8 9
O x
(
33. max.; 35. min.; 9 11
1 , 3
)
34. min.;
9 2
14
36. max.; 5 38. min.;
37. max.; 12 39. max.; 41. min.; 43. min.; 45. 40 m 47. The y-intercept is the initial height of the object. 49. 60 ft by 30 ft 51. $11.50
7 8
40. max.; 5 42. max.; 5

1 3
11 10
44. x
40; (40, 40)
46. 300 ft, 2.5 s 48. 120 2x
50. 1800 ft2 52. $2645
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
141
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
53. 5 in. by 4 in.
54. c; The x-coordinate of the 0 vertex of y ax 2 c is 2a or 0, so the y-coordinate of the vertex, the minimum of the function, is a(0)2 c or c ; 12.5 56. C
55. If a quadratic function can be used to model ticket price versus profit, then by finding the x-coordinate of the vertex of the parabola you can determine the price per ticket that should be charged to achieve maximum profit. Answers should include the following. If the price of a ticket is too low, then you wont make enough money to cover your costs, but if the ticket price is too high fewer people will buy them. You can locate the vertex of the parabola on the graph of the function. It occurs when x 40. Algebraically, this is found by calculating x
b 2a
which, for this case, is 4000 x or 40. Thus the

2( 50)
ticket price should be set at $40 each to achieve maximum profit. 57. C 59. 3.20 61. 3.38 63. 1.56 65. 1 3i 58. 2.08 60. 0.88 62. 0.43 64. 66. 9 1 5i
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
142
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
67. 23 69. 4 71. [5 73. C 14 6 13 8] 0

2 3
68.
13 44 d 36
y y 3x ( 1, 3) y x 4
70. [10
S
4 5] 28 20 72. c 8 16 74.
24 8
( 1, 3); consistent and independent 75. 5 77. 2 76. 8 78. 1
Lesson 6-2
Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing Pages 297299

2. Sample answer: f (x) 3x 2 2x 1 0 2x 1; 3x 2
1a. The solution is the value that satisfies an equation. 1b. A root is a solution of an equation. 1c. A zero is the x value of a function that makes the function equal to 0. 1d. An x-intercept is the point at which a graph crosses the x-axis. The solutions, or roots, of a quadratic equation are the zeros of the related quadratic function. You can find the zeros of a quadratic function by finding the x-intercepts of its graph.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
143
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
3. The x-intercepts of the related function are the solutions to the equation. You can estimate the solutions by stating the consecutive integers between which the x-intercepts are located. 5. 7. 9. 2, 1 7, 0 7, 4 2 and 1, 3
4.
4, 1
6. 8. 10.
4 4, 6 5 1 and 0; between
11. between 13. 15. 3 17. 0 2, 7
12. between 1 and 2 14. 0, 6 16. 18. 2, 1

1 , 2 1 2
19. no real solutions 21. 0, 4 23. between 2 and 3 25. 3, 6 27. 6 29. 31.
1 , 2
20. 0, 3 22. between 5 and between 0 and 1 4;
1 and 0; between
24. 26. 28.
4, 5 7 1 ,3 4, 1
1 2 1 2
1 2
30.
2 ,3
1 2
32. between 4 and between 0 and 1 34. between 2 and 3
3;
33. between 0 and 1; between 3 and 4 35. between 3 and between 2 and 3 37. no real solutions 2;
1 and 0, between
36. no real solutions 38. 8, 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
144
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
39. Let x be the Then, 7 x number. x(7 2 x 7x

y y
O
first number. is the other x) 14

7x 14
14 0
40. Let x be the first Then, 9 x is number. x( 9 x) 2 x 9x 24

O
number. the other 24 0

y x
9x
24
Since the graph of the related function does not intersect the x-axis, this equation has no real solutions. Therefore, no such numbers exist. 41. 2, 14 43. 3 s 45. about 35 mph
Since the graph of the related function does not intersect the x-axis, this equation has no real solutions. Therefore, no such numbers exist. 42. 4 s 44. about 12 s 46. about 8 s
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
145
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
47.
4 and 2; The value of the function changes from negative to positive, therefore the value of the function is zero between these two numbers.
48. Answers should include the following. h (t ) 2

180
h (t )
16t
185
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 t
Locate the positive x-intercept at about 3.4. This represents the time when the height of the ride is 0. Thus, if the ride were allowed to fall to the ground, it would take about 3.4 seconds. 49. A 51. 55. 1 1.33 3; 3
f(x)
50. B 52. 54. 58. 3 9, 1 1; x

f (x)
(1, 3)
53. 3, 5 57. 4, x
56. no real solutions 1; 1
f (x)
O x O f (x) (3, 5) x
2
4x 2
8x
6x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
146
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
59. 4; x
f (x)
1 2 x 4
6;
3x
6
f(x) 4 8 4 O
60.
1 5
3 i 5
12
8 ( 6, 5)
4 4
61.
10 13
2 i 13
62. 64.
1 13
5 i 13
63. 24 65. 60 5) 7)(x 2)(x 4) 2) 67. x(x 69. (x 71. (3x
8 10)(x 9)2 2)(x 3) 10)
66. $500 68. (x 70. (x 72. 2(3x
Lesson 6-3
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring Pages 303305

2. Sample answer: roots 6 and 5; x 30 0 x2 4. {0, 11}
1. Sample answer: If the product of two factors is zero, then at least one of the factors must be zero. 3. Kristin; the Zero Product Property applies only when one side of the equation is 0. 5. { 8, 2} 7. {3} 9. { 3, 4} 11. 6x 2 13. D 15. { 4, 7} 17. { 9, 9}
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
6. { 7, 7} 8. e 10. x 2 4 0 12. 15x 2 14. { 8, 3} 16. { 5, 5} 18. { 6, 3}

147
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
3 , 4
4f 3x 28 14x 3 0 0
11x
19. { 3, 7} 21. e 0, 23. {8} 25. 27. e

e 1 , 4 2 , 3 3 9 f 4 4 3 f 4
20. e 0, f
5 3
22. {6} 24.

e
2, f
1 4 1 , 2 8 , 3 3 f 2 2 f 3
4f
3 f 2
26. e 28. e
29. e , 33. 0, 35. x 2 37. x 2
30. {2, 4} 32. 0, 34. x 2 14 48 5 12 0 0 0 0 36. x 2 38. 2x 2 40. 12x 2 42.

1 4
31. { 3, 1} 3, 3 5x 14x 16x 23x 16 8D 16
6, 5 9x x 7x x 20 20 3 6 0 0 0 0
39. 3x 2 41. 10x 2 43. 45. B 14,
44. 12 cm by 16 cm 46. 4; The logs must have a diameter greater than 4 in. for the rule to produce positive board feet values. 48. 1
D2
47. y (x p)(x q) 2 y x px qx pq 2 y x (p q)x pq a 1, b (p q), c pq axis of symmetry: x x x

b 2a (p q) 2(1) p q 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
148
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
The axis of symmetry is the average of the x-intercepts. Therefore the axis of symmetry is located halfway between the x-intercepts. 49. 6 50. Answers should include the following. Subtract 24 from each side 5x 24 so that of x 2 the equation becomes 5x 24 0. Factor x2 the left side as (x 3) (x 8). Set each factor equal to zero. Solving each equation for x. The solutions to the equation are 3 and 8. Since length cannot be negative, the width of the rectangle is 3 inches, and the length is 3 5 or 8 inches. To use the Zero Product Property, one side of the equation must equal zero. 52. B 5, 1 1 and 0; between 54.
1 2
51. D 53.
55. between 3 and 4 57. 322 59. 33 61. (3,
56. min.; 58. 523 60. ( 4, 66. 5i 22

1 3
19
223 2022 5)
4)
67. 2i 23 63. 222 65. 323
62. a , 2b 64. 225
68. 4i23
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
149
Algebra 2
Chapter 6

1. 4; x
f(x) 4 O 4 8 (2, 8) 4 f (x) 8 3x 2 12 12x x 4
2; 2
2. max.;
37 4
or 9
1 4
3. 1 , 4 5. 3x 2 11x 4 0
1 2
4. e 5, f
1 2
Lesson 6-4 Completing the Square Pages 310312

1. Completing the square allows you to rewrite one side of a quadratic equation in the form of a perfect square. Once in this form, the equation is solved by using the Square Root Property. 3. Tia; before completing the square, you must first check to see that the coefficient of the quadratic term is 1. If it is not, you must first divide the equation by that coefficient. 5. e 7.
4 3 22
2. Never; the value of c that ca makes ax 2 bx perfect square trinomial is the square of and the 2 square of a number can never be negative. 4. { 10, 4}
b
9 , ax 4
9. 54
256
6. 36; (x
3 2 b 2
8. { 6, 3} 10. 5 1
150
i 256
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
6)2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
11. e
233 f 4
12. Jupiter 14. {3, 16. 5 4 18. e 20. e

7 2
13. Earth: 4.5 s, Jupiter: 2.9 s 15. { 2, 12} 17. 53 19. e

5 3 211
2226
f
25
7}
27,
f
276
5 1 , f 4 4
21. { 1.6, 0.2} 23. about 8.56 s 25. 81; (x 27.

49 ; ax 4
22. 25 ft 24. 64; (x 26.

225 ; ax 4
8)2
15 2 b 2
9)2
7 2 b 2
28. 0.09; (x 30.

16 ; ax 9
0.3)2
4 2 b 3
29. 1.44; (x 31.

25 , ax 16
1.2)2
5 2 b 4
33. { 12, 10} 35. 52
236
32. {3, 5} 34. 5 1 36. 52 38. e 40. e 42. e

5 7 5 , 2
37. { 3 39. e , 1 f
1 2 2 5
2i}
210 f 3
41. e 43. e
i 123 f 6
213 f 6
i6
276
i 247 f 4
1f
45. {0.7, 4} 47. e 49.

3 4
22 f
44. { 2, 0.6} 46. e 48. 5 50.

1 1 3 1 2
x 1 , 1 x 1
25 2
23 f
in. by 5
1 2
in.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
151
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
51. Sample answers: The golden rectangle is found in much of ancient Greek architecture, such as the Parthenon, as well as in modern architecture, such as in the windows of the United Nations building. Many songs have their climax at a point occurring 61.8% of the way through the piece, with 0.618 being about the reciprocal of the golden ratio. The reciprocal of the golden ratio is also used in the design of some violins. 53. 18 ft by 32 ft or 64 ft by 9 ft
52a. n 52b. n 52c. n
0 0 0
54. To find the distance traveled by the accelerating race car in the given situation, you must solve the equation 22t 121 246 or t2 2 22t 125 0. t Answers should include the following. Since the expression 22t 125 is prime, t2 22t the solutions of t 2 121 246 cannot be obtained by factoring. Rewrite t 2 22t 121 as (t 11)2. Solve (t 11)2 246 by applying the Square Root Property. Then, subtract 11 from each side. Using a calculator, the two solutions are about 4.7 and 26.7. Since time cannot be negative, the driver takes about 4.7 seconds to reach the finish line. 56. D
152
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
55. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
57. x 2 59. 3x 2
3x 19x
2 6
0 0 3;
58. x 2 60. 12x 2 62. 6, 8 64. 57

3
6x
27 13x 3
0 0
61. between 4 and between 0 and 1 63. 4, 1 5) ( 257)0 2

1 2
65. (2, 67. 0 x 69. 37 71. 121
66. a , b
43 6 21 7
68. greatest: 259 C 70. 72. 0 16
255 C; least:
Lesson 6-5
The Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant Pages 317319

2. The square root of a negative number is a complex number.
1a. Sample answer:

y
1b. Sample answer:

y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
153
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
1c. Sample answer:

y
3. b 2
4ac must equal 0.
4a. 484 4b. 2 rational 4c.

1 , 4 5 2
5a. 8 5b. 2 irrational 5c.

2 2 i 23
22
6a. 0 6b. one rational 6c. 8. 0,

1 2
3 7a. 7b. two complex 7c. 9. 11.

3 2 i 22
3,
5 2
10. 1
23
12. at about 0.7 s and again at about 4.6 s 14a. 21 14b. 2 irrational 14c.
3 2 221
13. No; the discriminant of 16t 2 85t 120 is 455, indicating that the equation has no real solutions. 15a. 240 15b. 2 irrational 15c. 8 23 17a. 17b. 2 complex 17c.
1 i 223 2
2215
16 16a. 16b. 2 complex 16c. 1 2i 18a. 121 18b. 2 rational 18c.

1 2 , 4 3
19a. 49 19b. 2 rational

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
20a. 20 20b. 2 irrational

154
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
19c.
2,
1 3
21a. 24 21b. 2 irrational 21c. 1
26
20c.
25
22a. 0 22b. one rational 22c.

1 3 i 231 8
23a. 0 23b. one rational 23c. 25a.

5 2
31 24a. 24b. 2 complex 24c.

9 28 9
135
25b. 2 complex 25c.

1 2 20.37 0.8
i 215 4
26a.
26b. 2 irrational 26c. 28.

2
4 27 9
27a. 1.48 27b. 2 irrational 27c. 29. 31. 33. 35.

9 2 5 1 221 7 2 215
2, 32 i 23 27
i
3
30. 2 32. 34. 36. 4 38. 3 40.
22 3
246 3 3 10
i 27
37. 0, 39.
222 0.00288
2, 6
41. This means that the cables do not touch the floor of the bridge, since the graph does not intersect the x-axis and the roots are imaginary. 43. 1998
42. domain: 0 t 25, range: 73.7 A(t ) 1201.2
44. about 40.2 mph
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
155
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
45a. k 45b. k 6 45c.
6 6 or k k 6
47. D 49. 51. 53.

1
14,
2 22 2
46. The persons age can be substituted for A in the appropriate formula, depending upon their gender, and their average blood pressure calculated. See students work. If a womans blood pressure is given to be 118, then solve the equation 118 0.01A2 0.05A 107 to find the value of A. Use the Quadratic Formula, substituting 0.01 for a, 0.05 for b, and 11 for c. This gives solutions of about 35.8 or 30.8. Since age cannot be negative, the only valid solution for A is 30.8. 48. C 50. 4 52. 54.
2 , 3
27
2, 0 5
2, 7
55. a 4b10 57. 4b 2c 2 59.

x y y
9 8 x 46 4 2 O 4 6 2 4 6 8 x y 3
56. 10p6 0 q 0 58. 7.98

y
106
y x
1
60.
6 4
x y
1
61. no 63. yes; (2x 65. no

156
62. yes; (x 3)2 64. yes; (5x 66. yes; (6x
7)2 2)2 5)2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
Lesson 6-6
1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 1e.
Analyzing Graphs of Quadratic Functions Pages 325328

2. Substitute the x-coordinate of the vertex for h and the y -coordinate of the vertex for k in the equation y a(x h)2 k. Then substitute the x-coordinate of the other point for x and the y-coordinate for y into this equation and solve for a. Replace a with this value in the equation you wrote with h and k. 4. Jenny; when completing the square is used to write a quadratic function in vertex form, the quantity added is then subtracted from the same side of the equation to maintain equality. 6. y (x 4)2 ( 4, 19); x 8. 19, 4; up
y
y 2(x 1)2 5 2 y 2(x 1) y 2(x 3)2 3 2 3 y 2(x 2) Sample answer: 3 y 4(x 1)2 1f. Sample answer: 3 y (x 1)2 2 3 1g. y 2(x 1)
3. Sample answer: y 2(x 2)2 1
5. ( 3,
1); x
3; up
7. y 3(x 3)2 38; ( 3, 38); x 3; down
3(x
3)2 O x
9.
10.
O
y y
2x 2
16x
31
y
O
1( x 3
1)
11. y
4(x
2)2
157
12. y
(x
3)2
6
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
13. y
1 (x 2
2)2
14. h(d ) 16. (1, 2); x 18. (0, 3); x
2d 2 1; up
4d
15. ( 3, 0); x 17. (0, 6); x
3 down 0 up
0; down
19. y (x 2)2 12; 2; down ( 2, 12); x 21. y 3(x (2, 12); x 23. y x 25. y
a
20. y (x 3)2 8; (3, 8); x 3; up 22. y 4(x 3)2 ( 3, 36); x 7); 24. y 2(x (5, 15); x 26. y 4 ax 36; 3; up
2)2 12; 2; down 7; ( 1,

7 ; 4 1 ; 2
y
4(x 1)2 1; up 3 ax
1 , 2 7 b; 4 1 2 b 2
5)2 15; 5; down

3 2 b 2 3 , 2
20; up
up 28.
3 a , 2
20b; x
y
27.
(x
5)2
x
3
4(x
3)2
29.
30.
O
y
O
1 ( 4 x
2)2
x
y
O x
1 ( 2 x
3)2
31.
32.
y
O
x2
8x
18
x2
6x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
158
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
33.
4x 2
16x
11
34.
y
y
5x 2 40x 80 O
35.
O
y y
1x 2 2
36.
5x
27 2
1x 2 3
4x
15
37. Sample answer: the graph of 1 is y 0.4(x 3)2 narrower than the graph of 1. y 0.2(x 3)2
38. Sample answer: the graphs have the same shape, but the graph of y 2(x 4)2 1 is 1 unit to the left and 5 units below the graph of y 2(x 5)2 4 40. y 42. y 44. y 46. y 3(x 3(x
5 (x 2 4 (x 3
39. y 41. y 43. y 45. y
9(x
2 (x 3 1 2 x 3
6)2 3)2 5
4)2 5)2 3)2 3)2
3 4 2 4
2x 2
47. 34,000 feet; 32.5 s after the aircraft begins its parabolic flight 49. d (t ) 16t 2 8t 50 51. Angle A; the graph of the equation for angle A is higher than the other two since 3.27 is greater than 2.39 or 1.53.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
48. about 1.6 s
50. about 2.0 s 52. Angle B; the vertex of the equation for angle B is farther to the right than the other two since 3.57 is greater than 3.09 or 3.22.
159
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
53.
y y y
ax 2 a ax 2 a cx 2 c
bx
b xb a b x a b 2 2a
c c
b 2 a b d 2a
aa b
a ax h or
b 2 b 2a
b2 4a
The axis of symmetry is x

b . 2a
54. All quadratic equations are a transformation of the parent graph y x 2. By identifying these transformations when a quadratic function is written in vertex form, you can redraw the graph of y x 2. Answers should include the following. In the equation y a(x h)2 k, h translated the graph of y x 2 h units to the right when h is positive and h units to the left when h is negative. The graph of y x 2 is translated k units up when k is positive and k units down when k is negative. When a is positive, the graph opens upward and when a is negative, the graph opens downward. If the absolute value of a is less than 1, the graph will be narrower than the graph of y x 2, and if the absolute value of a is greater than 1, the graph will be wider than the graph of y x 2. Sample answer: y 2(x 2)2 3 is the graph of y x 2 translated 2 units left and 3 units down. The graph opens upward, but is narrower than the graph of y x 2. 56. B
55. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
160
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
57. 12; 2 irrational 59. 23; 2 complex 3i 6 2t 3n 2

3 t 1
58. 225; 2 rational 60. 5 5 62. e 64. t 2 21 66. y 3 68. yes

2 2
61. 53 63. 2t 2 65. n 3
213
2226
f
2t 1
1
4 y 3
15n
67a. Sample answer using (1994, 76,302) and (1997, 99,448): y 7715x 15,307,408 67b. 161,167 69. no 71. no
70. yes

1. 5 7 3. 5. e 7. y
9 2 2 1x 3 5 25
2236
2. e
1 2
11; 2 complex
f
4. 100; 2 rational 6. e 5 6; 8. y x 10. y x

2
2i 22 f 3
3i
22 2
9. y 1x down
62 2; 16, 02, x
(x 4)2 4; up 2(x 3)2 3; up
2; ( 4, 2), 5; ( 3, 5),
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
161
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
Lesson 6-7
1. y 1x 32 2
Graphing and Solving Quadratic Inequalities Pages 332335

1 2. Sample answer: one number less than 3, one number between 3 and 5, and one number greater than 5 4. 5
y
3a. x 3b. x 1 3c.
1, 5 1 or x x 5
x2
10x
25
5.
12 8 4 4 2 4 8 12 20
6.
2x 2
4x
O 2 4x
x2
16
7.
12 8 4 2 O
y y
x2
5x
8. x
1 or x
6x
9. 5x 0 1 11.
76
12. 5x 0 23 10. 5x 0 x
3 or x x
236 46
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
162
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
13. about 6.1 s
14.
y
15 5 8 4 5 15 25 O 4 8x
x2
3x
18
15.
12 8 4 4
x2
7x
16.
x2
4x
17.
18.
8
5 4 O 10 20
y
4 8x
x2
4x
30
y y
x2 y
36
19.
20.
x2
3x
10
14 10
6 2
x2
6x
2 O
2x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
163
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
21.
x2
7x
10 20 12
22.
y y x2
10x 23
O 4 12 8 4 O 4 4x
23.
6 2 O 4
x2
13x
36
24.
4 2 O 4
4 3x
x
5
10
y
8
2x 2
25.
26. 5
2x 2
27. 29. x
x x
6 3 46 46 16
28. x
31. 5x 0 7 33. 5x 0 x 35. 5x 0 x
7 or x 6 or x 7 or x
30. 5x 0 x
3 or x 3 or x x x
1 f 3
3 66 56 36
32. 5x 0 1 34. 5x 0 4 36. e x ` x 38. 40. all reals 42. 5x 0 4
37. all reals 39. 5x 0 x 41. 43. 0 to 10 ft or 24 to 34 ft 76
1 or x
36
44a. 0.98, 4.81; The owner will break even if he charges $0.98 or $4.81 per square foot.
164
Algebra 2 Chapter 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
44b. 0.98 r 4.81; The owner will make a profit if the rent is between $0.98 and $4.81. 44c. 1.34 r 4.45; If rent is set between $1.34 and $4.45 per sq ft, the profit will be greater than $10,000 44d. r 1.34 or r 4.45; If rent is set between $0 and $1.34 or above $4.45 per sq ft, the profit will be less than $10,000. 45. The width should be greater than 12 cm and the length should be greater than 18 cm 47. 6 49.
y y x2
4
46. P(n) n[15 1.5(60 n)] 525 or 1.5n 2 105n 525 48. $1312.50; 35 passengers 50. Answers should include the following. 16t 2 42t 3.75 10 One method of solving this inequality is to graph the related quadratic function h(t ) 16t 2 42t 3.75 10. The interval(s) at which the graph is above the x-axis represents the times when the trampolinist is above 10 feet. A second method of solving this inequality would be to find the roots of the related quadratic equation 16t 2 42t 3.75 10 0 and then test points in the three intervals determined by these roots to see if they satisfy the inequality. The interval(s) at which the inequality is satisfied represent the times when the trampolinist is above 10 feet.
x y x2
4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
165
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
51. C
53. 5x 0 all reals, x 55. 5x 0 x 59. y x 61. y x 63.

5 2
52. A 26 36 0.46 8; (1, 8),
54. 5x 0 7 56. 5x 0 x
76 2.56 4;
57. 5x 0 1.2
9 or x x
3.5 or x
58. no real solutions 21x 60. y down 62. 4,

2 26
(x 1)2 1; up
i 23
42 2; 14, 02, x
1 (x 2
6)2; ( 6, 0),
6; up 64. 4ab 2 66. 68.

3 3
2a 2b 65. 4a 2b 2 12a 7b 67. xy 3 69. B 21 48 R 13 22 y

1 x
6x 3 15a 2
4x 2y 14a
13xy 2 3
71. 0x 0.008 0 0.078 x
70. 3 54 64 0.002; 0.082
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
166
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
Chapter 7 Polynomial Functions Lesson 7-1 Polynomial Functions Pages 350352

1. 4 4x 0; x x1 2. Sample answer: Evendegree polynomial functions with positive leading coefficients have graphs in which f (x ) S as x S . Odd-degree and as x S polynomial functions with positive leading coefficients have graphs in which f (x ) S as x S and f (x ) S . as x S 4. Sometimes; a polynomial function with 4 real roots may be a sixth-degree polynomial function with 2 imaginary roots. A polynomial function that has 4 real roots is at least a fourth-degree polynomial. 6. 5; 6a 3 12 5a 2 8a 45 3 20 as x S as x S ,
3. Sample answer given.

f (x)
5. 6; 5 7. 21; 3 9. 2a 9 11. 6a 3
8. 4; 12 10. 100a 2 12a. f (x ) S f (x ) S 12b. odd 12c. 3 , 14a. f (x ) S f (x ) S 14b. odd 14c. 1 16. 1; 1
13a. f(x ) S f(x ) S 13b. even 13c. 0 17. 3; 1 19. 4; 6

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
as x S as x S
as x S as x S
15. 109 lumens
18. No, the polynomial contains two variables, a and b. 20. 3;

167
5
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
21. No, this is not a polynomial because the term cannot c be written in the form x n, where n is a nonnegative integer. 23. 12; 18 25. 1008; 27. 86; 56 29. 7; 4 31. 12a 2 33. 12a6 35. 3x 4 37. x6 39a. f (x ) S f (x ) S 39b. odd 39c. 3 41a. f (x) S f (x) S 41b. even 41c. 0 43a. f (x) S f (x) S 43b. odd 43c. 1 45. 5.832 units 47. f (x ) S f(x ) S as x S as x S ; 8a 4a3 16x 2 x3 20 5 26 2x 2 as x S as x S 4x , 2 36
1
22.
2; 4
24. 125; 26. 28. 100; 4 30. 27a3 32. 3a4 34. x 3 36. 6x 2 38. 9x 4 40a. f (x) S f (x) S 40b. even 40c. 4 42a. f (x ) S f (x ) S 42b. odd 42c. 5 44a. f (x ) S f (x ) S 44b. even 44c. 2 46. even
37
166; 50 3a 2a 2 3x 2 44x 12x 2 1 5 4x 90 8x 50 , as x S as x S 3
as x S as x S
as x S as x S
as x S as x S
as x S as x S
48. Sample answer: Decrease; the graph appears to be turning at x 30 indicating a relative maximum at that point. So attendance will decrease after 2000. 50. 1, 0, 4
49.
1 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
168
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
51. f(x)
1 3 x 2
3 2 x 2
2x
52.
f (x)
f (x )
2x
1 3 x 4 3 x2 2 2
O 4 8
53. 4
54. 16 regions
55. 8 points
56. Many relationships in nature can be modeled by polynomial functions; for example, the pattern in a honeycomb or the rings in a tree trunk. Answers should include the following. You can use the equation to find the number of hexagons in a honeycomb with 10 rings and the number of hexagons in a honeycomb with 9 rings. The difference is the number of hexagons in the tenth ring. Other examples of patterns found in nature include pinecones, pineapples, and flower petals. 58. C 66 60. 5x 0 x 9 or x 76
57. C
59. 5x 0 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
169
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
61. e x ` 1
4 f 5
62.
y
2(x
y 2)2
63.
2 12
1 (x 3
64.
8 5)2
O 2
x y
1 x2 2
x
3 2
65. 54
3226 p); p)3
66. e 68.
7 5 , f 6 6
y
67. 23,450(1 23,450(1
x2
69.
70.
8 4
4 O 4
8x
x2
6x
1 2 x 2
2x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
170
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
Lesson 7-2
Graphing Polynomial Functions Pages 356358

2. 4
1. There must be at least one real zero between two points on a graph when one of the points lies below the x-axis and the other point lies above the x-axis. 3.
f (x)
4.
x 3
x f (x ) x3 x2
2 1
4x
0 1 2 3
f(x ) 20 0 6 4 0 0 10 4 2 O 4 2 4x 8 4
f (x )
f(x)
x3
x2
4x
5.
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
6. between
1 and 0
f(x ) 20 9 2 5 0 5 26
8 4 4 2 O 4
f (x)
f (x)
4x
x x3 x2
1
f (x )
8
f (x )
x4
7x 2
7. between 2 and 1, between 1 and 0, between 0 and 1, and between 1 and 2

f (x)
8.
8 4 4 2 O 4
f (x)
4x
x f (x ) x3
8 2x 2 3x 5
f (x )
x4
4x 2
Sample answer: rel. max. at x 2, rel. min.: at x 0.5

171
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
9.
8 4
f (x)
10.
C (t ) 12000
10000
O 4
4x
Cable TV Systems
8000 6000 4000 2000 O
f (x )
8x
10
Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. min. at x 2 and at x 2
C(t)
43.2t 2
1343t
790
8 12 16 Years Since 1985
11. rel. max. between x 15 and x 16, and no rel. min.; f(x ) S , as x S f(x ) S . as x S 13a.
x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 f (x )
12. The number of cable TV systems rose steadily from 1985 to 2000. Then the number began to decline. 14a.
x f (x ) 10 3 6 5 6 15 38
8 4 4 2 O 4 2 4x
f (x )
25 0 9 8 3 0 5 24
f (x )
4 O 2 4 8 2 4x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
f (x)
x3
2x 2
f (x)
4x
13b. at x 4 and x 0 13c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. min. at x 3
14b. between 2 and 1 14c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. max. at x 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
172
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
15a.
x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
16a.
f (x ) 18 2 2 0 2 2 18
f (x )
x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
f (x )
f (x )
4 8 4 O 4 8 4 8x
f (x)
x3
3x 2
9 7 9 3 5 9 3 19
f (x )
x3
5x 2
15b. at x 1, between 1 and 0, and between 2 and 3 15c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. min. at x 2
16b. between 5 and 4, between 2 and 1, and between 1 and 2 16c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 3, rel. min. at x 0 18a.
x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 f (x )
f (x )
O
17a.
x 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (x ) 75 16 3 0 7 0 39
f (x )
4 4 2 O 4 8 2 4x
f (x)
3x 3
20x 2
36x
16
17b. between 0 and 1, at x 2, and at x 4 17c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 3, rel. min. at x 1
29 8 1 2 5 4 7 34
f (x )
x3
4x 2
2x
18b. between 3 and 4 18c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0.5, rel. min. at x 2.5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
173
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
19a.
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
20a.
f (x ) 73 8 7 8 7 8 73
f (x )
4 4 2 O 4 2
f (x )
f (x)
x4
19b. between 2 and 1 and between 1 and 2 19c. Sample answer: no rel. max., rel. min. at x 0
3 0 2 15 1 0 0 9 1 0 2 15 3 0 4 105
16 8 4 2 O 8 16
f (x )
f (x )
x4
10x 2
20b. at x 3, x 1, x 1, and x 3 20c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0, rel. min. at x 2 and x 2 22a.
x f (x )
21a.
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 f (x )
169 31 7 5 1 1 1 43
8 4 4 2 O 4 8
f (x )
4x
f (x )
x4
5x 2
2x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
39 5 3 3 5 21 15 67
24 16 8 4 2 O 8
f (x )
4x
f (x)
x4
x3
8x 2
21b. between 3 and 2, between 1 and 0, between 0 and 1, and between 1 and 2 21c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 2 and at x 1.5, rel. min. at x 0
22b. between 3 and 2, between 1 and 0, between 0 and 1, and between 3 and 4 22c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 1.5 and at x 2.5, rel. min. at x 0.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
174
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
23a.
x f (x ) 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
24a.
f (x )
4 2 O 4 8 2 4
x 2 1 0 1 2 3
6
65 6 1 2 3 10 11
f (x ) 45 4 5 6 7 40
2
4 O 4 8
f (x )
6x
f (x)
2x 4
4x 3
2x 2
3x
f (x)
x4
9x 3
25x 2
24x
23b. between 0 and 1, between 1 and 2, between 2 and 3, and between 4 and 5 23c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 2, rel. min. at x 0.5 and at x 4 25a.
x f (x ) 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
f (x )
24 16 8 4 2 O 4x 4 2 4x 9x 2 3
24b. between 2 and 1, and between 2 and 3 24c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 0.5; rel. min. at x 0.5 and at x 1.5
26a.
x f (x )
2 1 0 1 2 3
77 30 7 2 3 2 55
f (x)
x5
x3
4 5
88 5 6 5 20 3 10 269
40 20 4 2 O 20 40
f (x )
4x
25b. between 4 and 3, between 2 and 1, between 1 and 0, between 0 and 1, and between 1 and 2 25c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 3 and at x 0, rel. min. at x 1 and at x 1
f (x)
x5
6x 4
4x 3
17x 2
5x
26b. between 2 and 1, between 1 and 0, between 0 and 1, between 2 and 3, and between 4 and 5 26c. Sample answer: rel. max. at x 1 and at x 2, rel. min. at x 0 and at x 3.5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
175
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
27. highest: 1982; lowest: 2000
28. Rel. max. between 1980 and 1985 and between 1990 and 1995, rel. min. between 1975 and 1980 and between 1985 and 1990; as the number of years increases, the percent of the labor force that is unemployed decreases. 30. Sample answer: increase, based on the past fluctuations of the graph
29. 5
31.
x 0 2 4 6 8 10 B(x) 25 34 40 45 50 54 G(x) 26 33 39 44 49 53 x 12 14 16 18 20 B(x) 59 64 68 71 71 G(x) 56 59 61 61 60

y
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x Age (yrs)
32. The growth rate for both boys and girls increases steadily until age 18 and then begins to level off, with boys averaging a height of 71 in. and girls a height of 60 in.
B (x )
Average Height (in.)
G (x )
33. 0 and between 5 and 6 35. 3 s
34. 5 s 36.
y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
176
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
37.
38.
39.
40. The turning points of a polynomial function that models a set of data can indicate fluctuations that may repeat. Answers should include the following. To determine when the percentage of foreign-born citizens was at its highest, look for the rel. max. of the graph, which is at t 5. The lowest percentage is found at t 75, the rel. min. of the graph. Polynomial equations best model data that contain turning points, rather than a constant increase or decrease like linear equations. 42. B 44. 3.41; 0.59 46. 0.52; 0.39, 1.62 25c 10x 2 9x 3 20 11x 28x 2 6 33x 20
41. D 43. 1.90; 1.23 1.22, 1.22 4a 2 10a 2 11x 2 2 4 16 45. 0; 49. 8a4 51. 2x 4
47. 24a3
48. 10c 2 50. 3x 3 52. 4x 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
177
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
53.
54.
y
O
x2
4x
x y x2
6x 3
55.
56. (7,
4)
x y x
2
2x
57. ( 3, 59. (1, 3) 61. (x 63. (3a 65. (t
2) 5)(x 1)(2a 3)(t 2 3t 6) 5) 9)
58. (4, 60. 1 ft 62. (2b 64. (2m 66. (r 2
2) 1)(b 3)(2m 1)(r 1)(r 4) 3) 1)
Lesson 7-3 Solving Equations Using Quadratic Techniques Pages 362364

1. Sample answer: 12x 2 0; 16x 4 2 2 2 3x ] 0 4[4(x ) 3. Factor out an x and write the equation in quadratic form so 2(x 2) you have x[(x 2)2 1] 0. Factor the trinomial and solve for x using the Zero Product Property. The solutions are 1, 0, and 1.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2. The solutions of a polynomial equation are the points at which the graph intersects the x-axis. 4. not possible
178
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
5. 84(n 2 )2 7. 4, 9. 64 11. 2(x 2)2 13. 11(n 3 )2 17. 0, 19. 21. 2, 23. 9, 4,
62(n 2)
6. 0, 8. 6, 10
5, 3
4 3i13, 3 3i13
1, 4, 1 6(x 2) 44(n 3)
10. 8 feet 12. not possible 14. b[7(b 2)2 16. 6 (x )2 18. 0, 20. 0, 22. 12, 24. 8, 26. 1,
1 5
15. not possible 3
13, 13,
2, 212,
9
9i 13 9 , 2
i 13, i 13 212
9i 13 2
4(b 2 ) 4 (x ) 4i, 4i 3 4
1 5
2)] 16 0
4, 4,
12, 3, 5
25. 81, 625 27. 225, 16 29. 1, 31. w h 33. 3 35. h 2 1, 4 4 cm, / 2 cm 3 in. 4, 3h 2, h 3 8 cm,
30. 8, i 23, i 23 343, 64 28. 400 32. x 4 7x 2 6 in. 9
4i13,
4i13
27
34. 6
36. The height increased by 3, the width increased by 2, and the length increased by 4. 38. Answers should include the following. Solve the cubic equation ( 164x 2) 4x 3 1600x 3600 in order to determine the dimensions of the cut square if the desired volume is 3600 in3. Solutions are 10 in. and in. There can be more than one square cut to produce the same volume because the height of the box is not specified and 3600 has a variety of different factors.
31 2601 2
37. Write the equation in 9x quadratic form, u 2 8 0, where u |a 3|. Then factor and use the Zero Product Property to solve for a; 11, 4, 2, and 5.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
179
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
39. D 41.
x 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 f (x )
f (x )
40. 42.
1 18
x 1 0 1 2 3 4
21 1 5 3 1 1 9 35
f (x ) 15 3 1 3 3 25
f (x) x4
f (x )
f (x)
x3
4x 2
6x 3
10x 2
43. 17; 27 45.

1715 ; 3
135 3),
47. A( 1, 2), B(3, C(1, 3)
44. 262; 2 2 3 46. B 1 3 48.

A
O
C'
3 R 1
C x B'
64 x 2 21 x 1
A' B
49. x 2 51. x 3
5x 3x 2
4 2
50. 4x 2 52. x 3
16x 2x 2
27 10x
15
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
180
Algebra 2
Chapter 7

1. 2a3 6a 2 5a 1 2. f(x ) S f(x ) S
1
as x S as x S
1
, ; odd; 3
3. Sample answer: maximum at x 2, minimum at x 0.5

8 4 4 2 O 4 8 2 4x
4. (6x 3)2 3(6x 3) 5 or 3 3 36(2x)2 18(2x) 5
f (x )
f (x)
x3
2x 2
4x
5.
3, 3,
i13, i13
Lesson 7-4
1. Sample answer: 2x f(x ) x2
The Remainder and Factor Theorems Pages 368370

2. 4 3 4. 7, 91
6x 32; 3. dividend: x 3 divisor: x 2; quotient: 2 2x 10; remainder: 12 x 5. 353, 1186 7. x 9. x 1, x 2, x 2 2 2x 4
6. x 8. 2x
1, x 1, x
3 4
10. $2.894 billion 12. Sample answer: Direct substitution, because it can be done quickly with a calculator. 14. 37, 19 16. 55, 272
11. $2.894 billion
13.
9, 54 42
15. 14,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
181
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
17. 21. x 23. x 25. x 27. x 29. x 31. x
19,
243 1559 2 1
1 2
18. 267, 680 20. 422, 3110 22. x 24. x or 2x 1 26. x 28. x 3 1 30. 2x 32. 8 4, x 3, x 1, x 1, x 3, 2x 1 1 3)(x 3 4 8 4 2 1
4 3
19. 450,
1, x 4, x 3, x 7, x 1, x 2 2, x
or 3x
4 2x 2, x 2
6 3, 4x 2 29 32 3 1) 24 24; 0 9
(x 33. 3 35. 1, 4 37. 5 1 1 14 5 9 69 45 24 140 120 20 100 100 0 34. 8 36.
38. Yes; 2 ft lengths. The binomial x 2 is a factor of the polynomial since f (2) 0. 40. 0; The elevator is stopped. 42. $31.36
39. 7.5 ft/s, 8 ft/s, 7.5 ft/s 41. By the Remainder Theorem, the remainder when f(x ) is divided by x 1 is equivalent to f(1), or a b c d e. Since a b c d e 0, the remainder when f (x ) is divided by x 1 is 0. Therefore, x 1 is a factor of f(x ). 43. $16.70
44. B(x)
2000x 5 x2 x3
340(x 4 x 1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
182
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
45. No, he will still owe $4.40.
46. Using the Remainder Theorem you can evaluate a polynomial for a value a by dividing the polynomial by x a using synthetic division. Answers should include the following. It is easier to use the Remainder Theorem when you have polynomials of degree 2 and lower or when you have access to a calculator. The estimated number of international travelers to the U.S. in 2006 is 65.9 million. 48. x 2, x 2, x 5(d 3) 1, x 2 2 1 50. 9(d 3)2
47. D 49. (x 2)2 8(x 2) 4 51. not possible
52. Sample answer: rel. max, at x 0.5, rel. min. at x 3.5

16
f (x )
6x 2 4x 3
f (x)
x3
8 2 O 8
53. Sample answer: maximum at x 1, rel. max. at x 1.5, rel. min. at x 1

f (x )
8 4 4 2 O 4 2 4x
54. T
2 2mrFc Fc
16
f (x)
x4
2x 3
3x 2
7x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
183
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
55. (4, 57. A 59. S 61.

9
2)
157 6
56. ( 3, 58. C 60. 62.

7 2 3 4
i 17
117
1)
Lesson 7-5 Roots and Zeros Pages 375377

1. Sample answer: p(x ) x3 x 1; p(x ) has either 6x 2 2 or 0 positive real zeros, 1 negative real zero, and 2 or 0 imaginary zeros. 2. An odd-degree function approaches positive infinity in one direction and negative infinity in the other direction, so the graph must cross the x-axis at least once, giving it at least one real root. 4. 2i, 7, 0, and 3; 3 real i, 1 3i, 2
8 ; 3
3. 6 5. 7. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 4 9. 2, 1 11. 2 13. i 3i, 1
2i; 2 imaginary 2i, 1 2x 2 2i 16x 32
6. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 8. 4, 1 10. 2i, 12. f (x ) 14.

5 i 271 ; 4
2i, 3 x3
1 real 3i; 1 real, 2 imaginary 2i; 2 real,
2 imaginary 3i; 4
15. 0, 3i,
16. 3i, 3i, 3i, and imaginary 18. 2,
17. 2, 2, 2i, and 2 imaginary 19. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 21. 3 or 1; 0; 2 or 0
2, 0, 2, and 2, 5 real
20. 2 or 0; 1; 2 or 0 22. 1; 3 or 1; 2 or 0 24. 5, 3, or 1; 5, 3, or 1; 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 26. 4, 1 i, 1 i
23. 4, 2, or 0; 1; 4, 2, or 0 25. 2, 2 3i, 2 3i
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
184
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
27. 2i, 29. 31. 4 33. 3 35. f(x ) 37. f(x ) 39. f(x ) 41a.
3 , 2
2i, 1 i, 4
i , 2
i 2
28. 5i, 4i 3 30.

1 , 2
5i, 7 5i, 4 i, 3 i, 5 x4 96 5i i, 4, i, 10x 3 1 20x 2
4i, 1 i, 2i,
32. 3 1, 1 19x 144 23x 45 20 34. 5 36. f(x ) 40x
2i, 3 x3 x4 x3
f (x )
1, 6
2x 2 7x 2 11x 2
38. f(x ) 13x 2 40. f(x) 42. (3
x4 13x 3 x5 36x 36 x3 x)(4 10x 2 x)(5 32x x) 48 24
41b.
f (x )
41c.
f (x )
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
185
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
43. 1 ft 45. radius 47. 24.1, 4 m, height 4.0, 0, and 3.1 21 m
44. V(r )
r3
17 r 2
46. 1; 2 or 0; 2 or 0 48. Nonnegative roots represent times when there is no concentration of dye registering on the monitor.
[ 30, 10] scl: 5 by [ 20, 20] scl: 5
49. Sample answer: f(x) x3 5x 12 and g(x) 6x 2 3 2 12x 10x 24 2x each have zeros at x 4, x 2, and x 3.
50. One root is a double root. Sample graph:

f (x )
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
186
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
51. If the equation models the level of a medication in a patients bloodstream, a doctor can use the roots of the equation to determine how often the patient should take the medication to maintain the necessary concentration in the body. Answers should include the following. A graph of this equation reveals that only the first positive real root of the equation, 5, has meaning for this situation, since the next positive real root occurs after the medication level in the bloodstream has dropped below 0 mg. Thus according to this model, after 5 hours there is no significant amount of medicine left in the bloodstream. The patient should not go more than 5 hours before taking their next dose of medication. 53. C 55. 254, 915 13 7 9) 57. min.; 59. min.; 61. (6p
52. A
54.
127, 41
56. 36 in. 58. max.; 32 60. 5ab 2(3a 62. 4y (y 11 64. C 7 4

187
c 2)
5)(2p 3 2 63. C 3 4S 2 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3)2 5 0S 5
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
29 65. 8 16 67. 69.

1 , 2 1 , 9
8 9 16 1,
1 , 3 5 , 2
66. y
1 , 14 1 , 16
2 x 3 1 , 7 1 , 8
1
2 , 7 1 , 4 1 , 2 1 , 2
5 3
68. 70.
1, 1,
2 2, 4
1,
Lesson 7-6 Rational Zero Theorem Pages 380382

1. Sample answer: You limit the number of possible solutions. 3. Luis; Lauren found numbers q p in the form , not as p q Luis did according to the Rational Zero Theorem. 5. 7. 9. 1, 2, 2, 4, 7
7 2 1 , 2 1 , 3 1 , 6 2 3
2. Sample answer: 2x 2 4. 1, 2, 5, 10
6.
4, 2, 7
8. 2, 10.
2 , 3
2, 3,
3 4
2, 2,
217
11. 10 cm 13. 15. 17. 19. 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,

1 , 3
11 cm 3, 3,
1 , 9
13 cm
12. 14.
1, 1, 1, 6, 1
2 3,
1 , 3
6 6, 3, 9, 9, 18 27
5, 3
15,
1 , 3
5 3
16. 18.
5, 10
1, 2
20. 1, 22.
1 , 2
21. 0, 9 23. 0, 2, 25. 2, 2 4
1, 1
24. 0, 3 26. 7, 1, 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
188
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
27. 29. 31. 33.
1 , 2
1 , 3
2
i 13
28. 30.
1 1 , , 2 5
2
3 2 2 , 3 3 2 4 3
1 1 1 3 , , , 2 3 2 4 4 , 5
2, ,
2 3
4 3
0, 1,
5 2
2, 5, i, 2 2h3
1 3 / 3
35. 2, 37. V 39. V 41. / h
i 13; 2 8h 2 3/ 2
32. 3, , i 34. V 36. r 64h 38. / h

1 3
213
r3
r2 6 in. 48 in., 3/2 6, 5
2 in., h 36 in., w 32 in.

1 3 / 3
40. 6300 30 in., 42. k 44. D
30 in., w 21 in.
3;
3,
43. The Rational Zero Theorem helps factor large numbers by eliminating some possible zeros because it is not practical to test all of them using synthetic substitution. Answers should include the following. The polynomial equation that represents the volume of the compartment is V w 3 3w 2 40w. Reasonable measures of the width of the compartment are, in inches, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 28, 33, 36, 42, 44, 63, 66, 77, and 84. The solution shows that w 14 in., / 22 in., and d 9 in. 45. Sample answer: x 5 x 4 27x 3 106x 120
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
46. 41x
2
6,
3, 5
189
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
47. 49. 51. x 53.
4, 2
7, 5
3xy 22x 4, 3x 2 8x
i, 2 2i, 5 2
i 2i
48.
5, 3i,
3i 1
50. 4x 52. 725 54. 0 4x 56. x 3 58. x 3
3, 5x 50
55. 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm 57. 4x 2 3 8x 3 4

5 x 1
4x 2 5x 2 9
x
6 x
33 7
10
59. x 5 7x 4 85x 25 61. x 2 x
106x 2
60. x

1. 930, 145 7x 2 0 2. 0, 4.
4 5
180
3. x 4 4x 3 22x 24 5.
3 2
Lesson 7-7
Operations on Functions Pages 386389

2. Sample answer: g(x ) {( 2, 1), ( 1, 2), (4, 3)}, f (x ) {(1, 7),(2, 9), (3, 3)} 4. 4x 9; 2x 3x 2 19x x 5 1; 20; 3x
x
1. Sometimes; sample answer: If f(x ) x 2, g(x ) x 8, then f g x 6 and g f x 6. 3. Danette; [g f ](x ) g [f (x )] means to evaluate the f function first and then the g function. Marquan evaluated the functions in the wrong order.
4 , 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
190
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
5. x 2 x3
x2 x
x 1; x 2 4x 2 3x
3 , 4
x 7; 12;
6. {( 5, 7), (4, 9)}; {(4, 12)}
4 8. 6x 10. 30 12. 1 8; 6x 4
7. {(2, 9. x 2 11. 11 13. p(x )
7)}; {(1, 0), (2, 10)} 11; x 2

3 x; 4
10x
31
c (x )
14. $32.49; price of CD when 25% discount is taken and then the coupon is subtracted 16. Discount first, then coupon; sample answer: 25% of 49.99 is greater than 25% of 44.99. 18. 6x 6; 2x 12; 8x 2 6x 27;
2x 4x 3 , 9
15. $33.74; price of CD when coupon is subtracted and then 25% discount is taken 17. 2x ; 18; x 2 81;
x x 9 , 9
9 4
19. 2x 2 2x 3
x3 x x3 x2 x
8; 2x 2 16x 2;
1 2x 2 , 8 x
x x
8; 8
20. x 2 8x 15; x 2 4x 3; 2x 3 18x 2 54x 54;

x 2 x3 x3 3
,x
7x 2 9x 2
3
15 9
21.
x2 1
,x
1
1 , 1 0
22.
2x 1 x x
x
x3
1; x 2
x2
x; x
1
,x
x2 x2
x2 x x2 x
,x
2; 2;
,x
6x 4x
9, x 4, x
2; 2, 3
23. {(1, 3), ( 3, 1), (2, 1)}; {(1, 0), (0, 1)} 25. {(0, 0), (8, 3), (3, 3)}; {(3, 6), (4, 4), (6, 6), (7, 8)} 27. {(5, 1), (8, 9)}; {(2, 4)}
24. {(2, 4), (4, 4)}; {(1, 5), (3, 3), (5, 3)} 26. {(4, 5), (2, 5), (6, 12), (8, 12)}; does not exist 28. {(2, 3), (2, 2)}; {( 5, 6), (8, 6), ( 9, 5)}
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
191
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
29. 8x 31. x 2 33. 2x 3 8x 3 35. 12 37. 39 39. 25 41. 2 43. 79 45. 226 47. P(x ) 49. p(x )
4; 8x 2; x 2 2x 2 4x 2
1 4x 2x 2x 4 2; 1
30. 15x 32. 3x 2 34. 2x 2 36. 50 38. 68 40. 42. 1 48

1 2
5; 15x 4; 3x 2 5x
1 24x x 48 5
9; 2x 2
44. 104 46. 36 50x 1939 1.0575x 48. 939,000 50. s[p(x )]; The 30% would be taken off first, and then the sales tax would be calculated on this price. 52. [K C](F ) 54. 309.67 K 56. 244 58. A
5 9
0.70x; s(x )
51. $110.30 53. 373 K; 273 K 55. $700, $661.20, $621.78, $581.73, $541.04 57. Answers should include the following. Using the revenue and cost functions, a new function that represents the profit is p(x ) r(c(x )). The benefit of combining two functions into one function is that there are fewer steps to compute and it is less confusing to the general population of people reading the formulas. 59. C
192
(F
32)
273
60.
1,
2,
4,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
61.
1,
3 , 4
1 , 2
1 , 4
2,
3,
3 , 2
62.
1,
1 , 3
1 9
6 4x 2 13x 2 9x 2 2j 17x 9x 31x 60 2 39 64. x 3 66. x 3 68. x 4 3x 2 6x 2 34x 4x 48 24 26x 20
63. x 3 65. 6x 3 67. x 3 69. 10 71. c 73. 75. 77. y 79. t 81. m
1 2
3 1
1 16
2 d 1 1 3 5 3
4x 2 5x
I pr
2 R 4
x 3 14x 2 5 6 1 70. B R 2 7 8 72. does not exist 74. does not exist 76. x 78. x 80. F
6 2 2 7y 3y
2 R 2
3 9 C 5
32
Fr 2 GM
Lesson 7-8
1. no
Inverse Functions and Relations Pages 393394

2. Switch x and y in the equation and solve for y. 4. n is an odd whole number.
3. Sample answer: 0.5x; f (x) 2x, f 1(x) 1 1 f [f (x )] f [f (x )] x 5. {(4, 2), (1, 3), (8, 2)}
6. {(3, 1), ( 1, 1), ( 3, 1), (1, 1)}
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
193
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
7. f
(x )
4 2
x
f (x ) f (x) f 1(x )
2
8. g
x x
4x
(x )
3x
1 x 3
g (x )
1 2 2 2 O 2
1 3
g (x )
O 2 4
4x
1 x 3 1 3
g 1(x)
9. y
12 8 4 O 4
2x
y y
10
1 x 2
10. yes
5
12 2x 10
11. no 13. 15.24 m/s2 15. {(8, 3), ( 2, 4), ( 3, 5)} 17. {( 2, 1), ( 2, 3), ( 4, 1), (6, 0)} 19. {(8, 2), (5, 6), (2, 8), ( 6, 5)}
12. 32.2 ft/s2 14. {(6, 2), (5, 4), ( 1, 16. {( 4, 7), (5, 3), (4, 18. {(11, 6), (7, (3, 5)} 20. x 3
4
3)} 1), (5, 7)}
2), (3, 0),
y
3
x
2 4 2 O 2 4
4x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
194
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
21. g 1(x )
4 2 4 2 O 2
1 x 2
g (x ) g (x )
1
22. f
1 x 2
(x )
x
4
5
f (x ) f
1
(x)
x
2 4
x
4 2 O 2 2 5 4 4
f (x)
g (x )
2x
23. g 1(x )
g (x ) 4
24. f
(x )
1 x 3
f (x ) 4
2 g (x ) 4 2 O
x
2
4 4x 4
2 f (x) 2 O 2 4 2
3x
3 4x
g 1(x)
x 24
4
(x)
1 x 3
25. y
1 x 2
4
1 2
y
1
26. y
y
3x
4
1
1 x 2
1 2
3x 2
2 2x 2 1 4
4x
2 2
1 x 3
4x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
195
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
27. f
(x )
8 x 5
4 2
28. f
(x )
3x
1 x 3
12
f (x )
f (x ) 8 7 f (x) 6 5
2 4x
5 x 8
2 2 4
f (x)
3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
f 1(x)
1
8 x 5
f 1(x )
3x
12
29. f
(x )
f (x)
1
5 x 4
5 x 4
35 4
35 4
30. g 1(x )
3x
4
3 2
g (x )
40
30
20
f (x ) O x 10
10
g (x)
4
2x 6
3 2
O 2 4
4x
20 30
f (x)
4 x 5
40
g 1(x)
3x
3 2
31. f
(x )
8 x 7
4
4 7
f (x )
32. yes
f 1(x)
8 x 7
27 O 2 4 2 4x
7x 8 4
f (x)
33. no 35. yes 37. yes 39. y

1 x 2 11 2
34. no 36. yes 38. y 40. 12

4(x 7) 2 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
196
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
41. I(m)
320
0.04m; $4500
42. C
(x )
9 x 5
32; C
1
C [C 1(x )] 43. It can be used to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.
[C (x )]
44. Sample answer: f(x ) f(x ) 46. A x and f

1
(x )
1
x or x
x and f
(x )
45. Inverses are used to convert between two units of measurement. Answers should include the following. Even if it is not necessary, it is helpful to know the imperial units when given the metric units because most measurements in the U.S. are given in imperial units so it is easier to understand the quantities using our system. To convert the speed of light from meters per second to miles per hour,
108 meters 1 second 3600 seconds 1mile 1 hour 1600 meters
f (x)
3.0
675,000,000 mi/hr 47. B 49. g[h(x )] h[g(x )] 51. 7, 6x 6x 10; 48. g [h(x)] h[g(x)] 50. g [h(x)] h[g(x)] 52.
1 4 5 , , 4 3 2
4x 4x x2 x2
20; 5 3x 5x 24; 24
2, 3
53. 64 55. 3 57. 117
54. 32 56. 4 58. 196
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
197
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
59. 61.
7
25 4
60.
Lesson 7-9
Square Root Functions and Inequalities Pages 397399
1. In order for it to be a square root function, only the nonnegative range can be considered. 3. Sample answer: y 22x 4
2. Both have the shape of the 2x, but graph of y y 2x 4 is shifted down 2x 4 is 4 units, and y shifted to the right 4 units. 4.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 5.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
0, R: y
y
6.
4 2
x x
4x
O 2
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 7.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
0; R: y
0 8.
D: x
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
0; R: y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x
1; R: y
3
198
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
9.
8 6 4 2 2 O
10.
y
2x 4
4 3 2 1 1O 2 3 4
y y
3 5x 1
6x
11.
4 3 2 1 2 O 2 3 4
y y x
2 1
12. v
22gh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
1 2 3 4 5 6x
13. Yes; sample answer: The advertised pump will reach a maximum height of 87.9 ft.
14.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
3x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 15.
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0, R: y
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
16.
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
4 x
5x
D: x
0, R: y
D: x
0, R: y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
199
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
17.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
18.
8 6
1 2
4 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
6x
D: x 19.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
0, R: y
0 20.
D: x
y
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2, R: y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
2x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 21.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
7, R: y
0 22.
D: x
0.5, R: y
4 2 O
x
2
2 2
5x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x 23.
0.6, R: y
8 6 4 2 O
0 24.
D: x
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
6, R: y
3x
4x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
D: x
4, R: y
D: x
2, R: y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
200
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
25.
y
2 3 4x
8 3 6 4 2 3 2 1 O
26.
O
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 2 4 6 8 10 12 y 6 x 14 16
D: x 27.
0.75, R: y
8 6
3 28.
8 6 4 2
2x
4 2 O
O 2
4x
29.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
30.
5x
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
31.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O
32. 125 ft
6x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
33. 317.29 mi 35. See students work.
34. 119 lb 36. If a is negative, the graph is reflected over the x-axis. The larger the value of a, the less steep the graph. If h is positive, the origin is
201
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
translated to the right, and if h is negative, the origin is translated to the left. When k is positive, the origin is translated up, and when k is negative, the origin is translated down. 37. Square root functions are used in bridge design because the engineers must determine what diameter of steel cable needs to be used to support a bridge based on its weight. Answers should include the following. Sample answer: When the weight to be supported is less than 8 tons. 13,608 tons 39. D 41. no 43. 2x 2; 8; x 2 2x 15;
x 5 ,x 3 x 3 8x 3 12x 2 18x 2x 3 3 ; x 2 8x 3 12x 2 18x 2x 3 3 ; 2x 3, x 2
38. C
40. yes 42. yes 44. 11x 22; 9x 18; 10x 2 40x 40; 10; x 46. 4; If x is your number, you can write the expression
3x 28 x x 2 8
45.
26
, which equals 4
,
3 ; 2
after dividing the numerator and denominator by the GCF, x 2.
8x 3 x 47. 2x 2 49. a3 1
12x 3
3 2
18x
27,
4x
16
48. 6p 2
2p
20
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
202
Algebra 2
Chapter 7
Chapter 8 Conic Sections Lesson 8-1 Midpoint and Distance Formulas Pages 414416
1. Since the sum of the x-coordinates of the given points is negative, the x-coordinate of the midpoint is negative. Since the sum of the y-coordinates of the given points is positive, the y-coordinate of the midpoint is positive. Therefore, the midpoint is in Quadrant II. 7. 1122 units 5. (2.5, 2.25) 9. D 11. ( 4, 13. a , 2)
17 27 b 2 2
2. all of the points on the perpendicular bisector of the segment
3. Sample answer: (0, 0) and (5, 2)
4. a 2,
8. 12.61 units 6. 10 units 10. (12, 5) 12. (2, 6)
13 b 2
14. (0.075, 3.2) 16. a ,

5 12 5 b 24
15. (3.1, 2.7) 17. a ,

1 24 5 b 8
18. a ,
1 13 5 b, a , 2 2 2
2b, a5, b
1 2
19. (7, 11) 21. Sample answer: Draw several line segments across the U.S. One should go from the NE corner to the SW corner; another should go from the SW corner to the NW corner; another should go across the middle (east to west); and so on. Find the midpoints of these segments. Locate a point to represent all of these midpoints.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
20. around 8th St. and 10th Ave. 22. near Lebanon, Kansas
203
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
29. 170.25 units 25. 25 units

1813 12
23. See students work. 27. 3117 units 31. 1 unit 33.
26. 12 units 24. 13 units 28. 0.75 unit
30. 165 units
37. 1130 units 35. 712
units
158 units, 10 units2
32. 1271 units 34. 6110
36. 165 2 12 1277 units 38. about 85 mi 40. 14 in.
units, 90
1122
units2
39. about 0.9 h 41. The slope of the line through

1 (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is 2 x2 x1 and the point-slope form of the equation of the line is
y1
y2 x2
Substitute side is
y1
into this equation. The left

y2 2
y1 (x x1). x1 x1 x2 y1 y2 , 2 2
y1 or
y2 x2
y2
y1
The right side is

x1 2 y2 2 x2 y1 . x1 2 y2 x2
or
x1
Therefore, the
y2
point with coordinates

2 x2 y1 ,
y1 x1 y1 x2 x1 x1 2
lies on the
line through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). The distance from
B x1 x1 B 2 x2 y1 , x1 2 x1 2 x2 y2 2 x2
2
or
to (x1, y1) is
y1 y1 y2 2
2
y2
y1
. The
204
42. The formulas can be used to decide from which location an emergency squad should be dispatched. Answers should include the following. Most maps have a superimposed grid. Think of the grid as a coordinate system and assign approximate coordinates to the two cities. Then use the Distance Formula to find the distance between the points with those coordinates. Suppose the bottom left of the grid is the origin. Then the coordinates of Lincoln are about (0.7, 0.3); the coordinates of Omaha are about (4.6, 3.3); and the coordinates of Fremont are about (1.5, 4.6). The distance from Omaha to Fremont is about
102(1.5 4.6)2 (4.6 3.3)2
or 34 miles. The distance from Lincoln to Fremont is

Algebra 2 Chapter 8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
B B
distance from to (x2, y2) is

B x1 x1 x2
2
x1 2 y2 2
x2 y1 ,
y2 2 y2
2
x2 2
x1 x2
43. C
coordinates
Therefore, the point with

x1 2 x2 y1 , y2 2
x1 2
y1 y1 y2 2
2
about
102(1.5 0.7)2 (4.6 0.3)2
y2
or
or 44 miles. Since Omaha is closer than Lincoln, the helicopter should be dispatched from Omaha.
y1
is equidistant from (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). 45. on the line with equation y 5x 0 x
y
44. B x 46. 1; AA is perpendicular to the line with equation y x, which has slope 1. 5x 0 x 5y 0 06, 16
y x
1
47. D
26, R
5y 0 y
06
48. D R
O O
49. D
5x 0 x
y
06, R
5y 0 y
16
50. no
2 x
51. 53. 4
13i 3i
205
52. 6 54. y
2i (x 3)2
Algebra 2 Chapter 8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
55. y 57. y 59. y
(x 3(x 3(x
2)2 1)2
3 2 17 3)2
56. y 58. y
2(x (x
5)2 2)2 10
Lesson 8-2 Parabolas Pages 423425

1. (3, y 7), a3, 7
1 16
6 b, x
15 16
3,
2. Sample answer: x
y2
3. When she added 9 to complete the square, she forgot to also subtract 9. The standard form is y (x 3)2 9 4 or y (x 3)2 5. 5. (3, y
y
4. y
2(x
3)2
12
4), a3,
1 4
3 b, x
3 4
3,
6. ( 7, 3), a 7, 3 b, x
1 8
7,
4 , upward, 1 unit
2 , upward,
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2
7 8
1 2
y
unit
y y
(x 3) 2 4
2(x
7)2
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
2x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
206
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
7. a y
y
4 , 3
2 4 3 b, a , b, x 3 3 4 7 1 , downward, 12 3
3x 2
4 , 3
8. a x
unit
3 9 9 9 9 , b, a , b, y , 2 2 8 2 2 15 3 , right, units 8 2
y
y
8x 6 O
x x
2 2 y 3
6y
12
9. y
1 (x 8
y
3)2
10. x
1 (y 8
y
1)2
1( x 8
3) 2
x
1)
2
1( y 8
11. x 13. x 15. x
1 2 y 24
6 7)2
5 2 b 6
12. y 29 11
1 12
(x
1 (x 2
3)2 12)2
3 b, 2
y
2 80 x 0, y
3 , 2
(y 3 ay
14. y
16. (0, 0), a0,
downward, 6 units
6y O
x2 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
207
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
17. (0, 0), a , 0b, y

1 2
0, x
1 , 2
18. ( 6, 3), a 6, 3 b, x
3 4
6,
right, 2 units
y
2 , upward, 3 units
y
1 4
y2
2x O
x
3(y 3) (x 6)2 O x
19. (1, 4), a1, 3 b, x

1 2
1, y
4 ,
1 2
downward, 2 units
y
20. (2, 3), (3, 3), y x 1, right, 4 units

y
O 4(x 2) (y
3,
x
3)2
2(y
4)
(x
1)2
21. (4, 8), (3, 8), y left, 4 units

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 4 3 2 1
8, x
5,
22. (6, y
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
16), a6,
1 4
15 b, x
3 4
6,
16 , upward, 1 unit
y O2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
(y 8)2 4(x O 1 2 3 4x
4)
x2
12x
20
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
208
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
23. ( 24, 7), a 23 , 7b, y

3 4
7,
24. a
24 , right, 1 unit
24
1 4
5 115 144 b, a , , 4 2 5 287 1 x , right, 10 5

y
2 1
5 b, 2
5 , 2
unit
60
5y 2
25y
y2
14y
25 16 8
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 x 2 3 4 5 6
24
16
8 8
8x
25. (4, 2), a4, 2 y

y
1 b, 12
x
1 3
4, unit
26. a ,
5 4
1 , upward,
11 12
y
2
55 5 5 b, a , 7b, x , 8 4 4 27 1 , downward, unit 4 2

y O
4 x 8 12 2 2x 2 4 5x
x
10
y
O
3x 2
24x
50
16
27. a , b, a , b, y
17 3 67 3 4 4 16 4 69 1 x , left, 4 16
y x
4y 2 6y 2
3 , 4
28. (3, 5), a3, 5 b, x

1 2
3, y
4 ,
1 2
unit
upward, 2 units
y
y x
O
1 2 x 2
3x
19 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
209
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
29. (123, y
18), a122 , 18, x

20
1 18b, 4 3 123 , left, 3 units 4
30.
y x
O 3y 2 4y 1
x
60 120x
120
60
O 20 40
x
60
1 2 y 3
12y
15
31. 1 33. y
2 3
32. 34. a 36. y

y
1 and
1 , 3 2 b 3 1 2 x 16
1 3
35. 0.75 cm
1
y
1
1 2 x 16
37. x
y
14 12 10 8 6 x 4 2
1 (y 24
6)2
38. x
1 (y 8
2)2
6
y
O
1( y 24
x
6
6)2
1( y 8
2)2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
210
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
39. y
1 (x 16
8 6 4 2 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8
1)2
y
40. y
y
1 (x 6
1( x 6
7)2
7)
2
4
y
8 4
1( x 16
1)2
7 12 8 4
O O1 2 3 4 5 6 x
x
4 8
XBox.
41. x
y x
1 (y 4
1( y 4
3)2
3)2 4
42. y
2 2 x 9
43. about y 45. y
0.00046x 2 6550
325
44. y 46. x 48. B (y
1 (x 100
50)2 4
25
1 x2 26,200
3)2
47. A parabolic reflector can be used to make a car headlight more effective. Answers should include the following. Reflected rays are focused at that point. The light from an unreflected bulb would shine in all directions. With a parabolic reflector, most of the light can be directed forward toward the road. 49. A 51. 10 units
52. 234 units 50. 13 units
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
211
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
53.
54. 2.016
105
55. 4 57. 9 59. 223 61. 423
56. 5 58. 12 60. 322 62. 622
Lesson 8-3 Circles Pages 428431

1. Sample answer: (x (y 2)2 16 6)2 2. (x 3)2 (y 1)2 3 units, up 1 unit 4. (x 3)2 (y 1)2 64; left 9
3. Lucy; 36 is the square of the radius, so the radius is 6 units. 5. (x 7. (x 1)2 3)2 (y (y 5)2 7)2 4 9
6. x 2
y
(y
2)2
25
8. (4, 1), 3 units
O 4)2 1)2
(x
(y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
212
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
9. (0, 14), 234 units

24 16 8
10. (4, 0),

14)2 34
y x2
(y
4 5
unit
16 25
y
(x 4)2
y2
O 16 8 O 8 8 16x
11. a
2 1 212 , b 3 2 3
y
unit
12. ( 4, 3), 5 units

y
x
1 2
(x
4)2
(y
3)2
25 O
(x
2 3
) (y
8 9
13. ( 2, 0), 223 units

y
14. x 2
y2
42,2002
(x
2)2
y2
12
15.
y Earth Satellite 35,800 km x 6400 km 42,200 km
16. (x
1)2
(y
1)2
16
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
213
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
17. (x 19. (x 21. (x
2)2 8)2 1)2
(y (y
ay
1)2 7)2
1 2 b 2
4
1 4 1945 4
18. x 2 20. (x 22. (x 24. (x 26. (x 28. x 2 1600 30. (0,
(y 1)2 8)2 8)2 1)2 y2
3)2 (y (y (y (y 18
y x2
O (y
49 4)2 9)2 7)2 4)2 20 1130 64 16
213)2 23. (x 1777 25. (x 27. (x 29. (x 4)2 5)2 2.5)2
(y 2)2 4)2
42)2 4 25
(y (y (y
2.8)2
2), 2 units
2)2
31. (0, 0), 12 units

16 8 16 8 O 8 16 8 16x
32. (3, 1), 5 units

y2
y
144
x2
(x O
3)2
(y
1)2
25
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
214
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
33. ( 3,
(x 3)2
7), 9 units
(y 7)2 81 4 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
34. (3, 0), 4 units

y y
12 10 8 6 4 2
O2 4 6 8 x O
(x
3)
y2
16
35. (3,
7), 522 units

2
36. ( 25, 4), 5 units

50
6 4 2
37. ( 2, 23), 229 units

y
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
y (x 3)2 (y 7)2 O 2 4 6 8 10 x
38. ( 7,
3), 222 units

y
O x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
215
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
39. (0, 3), 5 units

y
40. ( 1, 0), 211 units

y
41. (9, 9), 2109 units

O 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 2O 2
42. a
9 , 2
4b,
2129 2
units
y
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 x
43. a ,
3 2
4b,
4 2
3 217 2
y
O
O x
units
44. (6, 8), 4 units

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 2 2
6 4 2
2 4 6 8 10 12
2 4 6 8 10 x
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
216
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
45. ( 1,
2), 214 units

y
46. ( 2, 1), 22 units

y
x
O
47. a0,
9 b, 2
219 units
y
O
48. about 109 mi
49. (x
1)2
(y
2)2
51. A 53. y
216
50. A circle can be used to represent the limit at which planes can be detected by radar. Answers should include the following. x 2 y 2 2500 The region whose boundary is modeled by x 2 y 2 4900 is larger, so there would be more planes to track. 52. D 54. y y 216 216 (x (x 3)2, 3)2
(x
3)2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
217
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
55.
56. x 3 216 y 2; The equations with the symbol and symbol represent the right and left halves of the circle, respectively.
[ 10, 10] scl:1 by [ 10, 10] scl:1
57. (1, 0), a , 0b, y

11 12
0, x
1 ,
1 12
58. (3, y
2), a3, 2 b, x
1 4 3 4
y
3,
left,
1 3
unit
y x
3y 2 1
1 , downward, 1 unit
(x
3)2
59. ( 2, y
y
4), a 2,
1 4
y x
2
3 b, x
3 4
2,
60. (4,
4)
4 , upward, 1 unit
4x
61. ( 1, 63. 4,
2) 2, 1
62. a , 6b
3 2
64.
1 , 2
2, 3
65. 28 in. by 15 in. 67. 6 69. 25 71. 222

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
66. 12 68. 4 70. 225
218
Algebra 2
Chapter 8

1. 13 units 3. (0, 0), a1 , 0b, y x
1 2 1 1 , 2
y y2
6x O
2. 2226 units 0, 4. ( 4, 4), a 4, 4 b, x

1 4
4,
right, 6 units
3 , upward, 1 unit
y
3 4
x y x2
8x 20
O x
5. (0, 4), 7 units

12 10 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2O 2 4
2 4 6 8x
x2
(y
4)2
49
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
219
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
Lesson 8-4 Ellipses Pages 437440

1. x 1, y 2 2. Let the equation of a circle be (x h)2 (y k)2 r 2. Divide each side by r 2 to get
(x r2 h)2 (y r2 k)2
1. This
is the equation of an ellipse with a and b both equal to r. In other words, a circle is an ellipse whose major and minor axes are both diameters. 3. Sample answer:
(x 4 (y 36
y
4. 1 1 6.
2)2 4)2
(y 1 (x 4
5)2 2)2
x2 36
y2 20
5.
y2 100
x2 36
1 2), ( 3, 2);
7. (0, 0): (0,
3); 612; 6
8. (1, 2); (5, 415; 4

y
y2 18
x2 9
(x 20
1)2
(y 4
2)2
9. (0, 0); ( 2, 0); 412; 4

y
10. (4,
2); (4
y
216, 2); 10; 2
O O 4x
2
x
8y
2
32
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
220
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
11. about 1 13. 15. 17. 19. 21.

x2 16 y2 16 (y 64 (x 64 x2 169
x2 1.32 1015 1.27
y2 1015
12.
y2 64
x2 39
y2 7 (x 4 4)2 5)2 y2 25 2.02
1
2)2 (x 4 (y
81 4
14. 1
2)2 4)2
(x 64 (x 81 (y (x 81 x2 324
5)2 2)2 2)2 100 1)2 y2 196
(y 9 (y 16 (x 9 (y 56
4)2 5)2 42 2 2)2
1 1 1 1
16. 1 1 18. 20. 22.

y2
1
x2 1016 2.00 1016
1
y2 279,312.25
23. about 1 25.

y2 20
24.
x2 193,600
x2 4
27. (0, 0); (0,

y
15); 2110; 215
26.
(x 30
1)2
(y 5
1)2
28. (0, 0); ( 4, 0); 10; 6

y
O
y2 10
x
x2 5
x2 25
y2 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
221
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
29. ( 8, 2); ( 8
3 17, 2); 24; 18

16 8 O
30. (5, 11); (5, 11 24; 22

4
123);
24
(x 8) 2 144
16
(y 2)2
8 8
8x
31. (0, 0); ( 16, 0); 6; 213

81
16
12 8 4 O4 8 12 16 20 x 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 (y 11)2 (x 5)2
144 121
32. (0, 0); (0,

y
16); 6; 213
1
3x 2
33. (0, 0); (0,

y
17); 8; 6
9y 2
27 27x 2 9y 2 81
34. (0, 0); ( 315, 0); 18; 12

8 6 4 2
8 6 4 2
2 4 6 8
O 2 4 6 8x
16x
9y
144
36x 2
81y 2
2916
35. ( 3, 1); ( 3, 5), ( 3, 416; 412

y
3);
36. ( 2, 7); ( 2 4110 ; 412

12 8 4 O
412, 7);
y
4 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
222
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
37. (2, 2); (2, 4), (2, 0); 217; 213

y
38. ( 1, 3); (2, 3), ( 4, 3); 10; 8

y
x
O
39.
x2 12
y2 9
40. Knowledge of the orbit of Earth can be used in predicting the seasons and in space exploration. Answers should include the following. Knowledge of the path of another planet would be needed if we wanted to send a spacecraft to that planet. 1.55 million miles 42. B
y2 1.26 10
19
41. C 43. about 1 45. (x 47. (x 4)2 4)2 (y (y 1)2 1)2 101 16
x2
1.35 1019
44. (x
3)2
(y
2)2
25
46. (x 48. y
1)2
1 (x 2
y
y2 3)2
45 1
1 (x 2
3)
1 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
223
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
49.
People (millions) 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 0
Married Americans
50. Sample answer using (0, 104.6) and (10, 112.6): y 0.8x 104.6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
51. Sample answer: 128,600,000
52.
2x
53.
54.
y
1 x 2
x y
2x
55.
y y
1 x 2
56.
2(x
1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
224
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
57.
x 2(x
1)
Lesson 8-5 Hyperbolas Pages 445448

1. sometimes 2. As k increases, the branches of the hyperbola become wider.
x2 4 y2 9
3. Sample answer: 5.
x2 1 y2 15
4.
y2 4
x2 21
6. (0, y
3 22); (0, 1
3110 x 10
8 6 4 2
238);
y2
18
x2
20
8 6 4 2
2 4 6 8
O2 4 6 8 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
225
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
7. (1, 6 (1, 6 y 6
2 25); 3 25);
2 25 (x 5
x
8. ( 6, 0); ( 237, 0); y 1)

1 x 6
16
y
36y 2 8 16x 36
y
O
2 8 x
16
8 8
(y
20
6)2
(x
25
1)2
16
9. (4 (4 y
2 25, 2); 3 25, 2); 2

16 12 8 4
25 (x 2
10. (0,
15); (0,
20 15 10 5
25); y
3 x 4
y y2
225
4)
x2
400
20 15 10 5
12 8 4
4 8 12 16
O4 8 12 16 20 x
5 10 15 20
O5 10 15 20x
11. 13. 15. 17. 19.
x2 4
ay
y2 12
11b 2 2 25 4
1
x2 6
12. 1 14. 16.

3)2 4
(y 1 (x 4 y2 16 (y 16 y2 36
3)2 3)2 x2 49 5)2 x2 4
(x 4 (y 9
2)2 5)2
1 1
x2 25 (x 49 x2 16
y2 36 2)2 y2 9
1
(y
1
(x 81 4)2
18. 20.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
226
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
21. ( 9, 0); ( 2130, 0); y

7 x 9
16 12 8 4 16 12 8 4 4 8 12 16
2 y x
22. (0,
6); (0,
8 6 4 2
2210); y
y y2
36
3x
y2
49
81
1 4 3 2 1
x2
4
O4 8 12 16x
23. (0,
4); (0,
8 6 4 2
241); y
2 4 6 8
O1 2 3 4 x
4 x 5
24. ( 3, 0); (
y x2
9
234, 0); y
5 x 3
y2
25
8 6 4 2
25. ( 22, 0); ( 23, 0); y

22 x 2
y2 x2
16 25
2 4 6 8
O2 4 6 8 x
26. ( 2, 0); ( 222, 0); y

y x2 y2
4
y x2
2y 2 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
227
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
27. (0,
6); (0,
16 8
3 25); y
2x
28. (0, y
22); (0,
23 x 3
222);
y y2
36 8 4x 16x 6y 2 O 2x 2 12
2
16
4 12
29. ( 2, 0), ( 2, 8); ( 2, ( 2, 9); y

12 8
(y 4 16 )2 (x
1), 2)
30. (2, y
2), (2, 8); (2, 3 3

y
10 8 ) (y 362 25 4 2
241);
4
y
4 (x 3
5 (x 4
2)
(x
2 9
)2
1 4
2) 16
O 2 4 6 8 10 x
O 8
6 4 2
31. ( 3, ( 1 y 3
3), (1,
3 (x 2
y
O
213,
4
2 4 6
3); 3); 1)
32. ( 12, ( 6 y 3
3 25,
3), (0,
1 (x 2
6 4 2
3); 3); 6)
y
x
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
O 2x
(x (x 4 1)
2
6) 36
2 4 6 (y 3)2 8 9 10 1
(y 9
3)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
228
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
33. (1, y
3 3
(1, 3
4 22);
y
6 4 2
2 26);
23(x
34. ( 4, 0), (6, 0); (1 y 1)

2 (x 5
8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 4x 2
229, 0);
1)
y
8 6 4 2
2 4 6 8 10 6y
O2 4 6 8 x
O2 4 6 8 x 2 4 25y 2 8x 96 0 6 8
y2
3x 2
6x
18
35.
x2 1.1025
y2 7.8975
36.
Station
Station x
37. 120 cm, 100 cm
38.
(x 4
2)2
(y 4
3)2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
229
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
39. about 47.32 ft
40. Hyperbolas and parabolas have different graphs and different reflective properties. Answers should include the following. Hyperbolas have two branches, two foci, and two vertices. Parabolas have only one branch, one focus, and one vertex. Hyperbolas have asymptotes, but parabolas do not. Hyperbolas reflect rays directed at one focus toward the other focus. Parabolas reflect parallel incoming rays toward the only focus. 44. ( 22, 22), ( 22, 42. B 22)
41. C 43.
y xy
2
45.
xy
2
x
O
46. The graph of xy 2 can be obtained by reflecting the graph of xy 2 over the x-axis or over the y-axis. The graph of xy 2 can also be obtained by rotating the graph of xy 2 by 90 .
47.
(x 16
5)2
(y 1
2)2
48.
(y 16
1)2
(x 9
3)2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
230
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
49.
(x 25
1)2
(y 9
4)2
50. (5,
y
1), 2 units
51.
4, 2 7 0 S 53. C 5 20 55. about 5,330,000 subscribers per year 57. 2x 59. 1, 61. 5, 0, 63. 0, 1, 0 17y 2, 9 2
52.
7,
3 2
54. [13 56. 5, 4
8 1]
58. 2, 3, 60. 62. 1, 0, 0
3, 1, 2

1.
(y 81 1)2 (x 32 3)2
2. (4,
y
2); (4
2 22,
2); 6; 2
(x 9
4)
(y 1
2)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
231
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
3. ( 1, 1); ( 1, 1 225
y
211); 8;
4.
x2 9
y2 16
5.
(x 16
2)2
(y 5
2)2
Lesson 8-6 Conic Sections Pages 450452

1. Sample answer: 2x 2 2y 2 1 0 3. The standard form of the equation is (x 2)2 (y 1)2 0. This is an equation of a circle centered at (2, 1) with radius 0. In other words, (2, 1) is the only point that satisfies the equation. 2. 2x 2 4. y
ax
4x
7y
3 2 b 2
y
1
5 , 4
parabola
5.
y2 16
x2 8
8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
1, hyperbola
y
6. ax
1 2 b 2
y2
y
9 , 4
circle
O 2 4 6 8x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
232
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
7.
(x 4
1)2
(y 1
y
3)2
1,
8. parabola
ellipse
9. ellipse 11.
y
10 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 O2 4 6 8 10 12 14
10. hyperbola 12. x 2 y2

8 4
27, circle
y
O 4 8
8x
13.
y2 4
x2 2
1, ellipse
y
14. y
1 2 x , 8
parabola
y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
233
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
15.
x2 4
y2 1
1, hyperbola
y
16.
(x 36
1)2
(y 4
y
4)2
1,
hyperbola
12 8
x
4 O 8 4 4 4 8 12x
17. y
(x
y
2)2
4, parabola
18. x
y
1 (y 9
4)2
4, parabola
19. (x 2)2 circle
(y
y
3)2
9,
20. x 2
(y
4
3)2
y
36, circle
O 8 4 4 8 O 4 8x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
234
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
21.
(x
4)2 32
y2 32
8 6 4 2
1, hyperbola
y
22.
(x 9
1)2
y2
9 2
1, ellipse
12 10 8 6 4 2 O 2 4 x 2 4 6 8
23. x 2
(y
4)2
y
5, circle
24.
(y 25
1)2
x2 9
8 6 4 2
1, hyperbola
8 6 4 2
2 4 6 8
O 2 4 6 8x
25.
x2 4
(y 3
1)2
y
1, ellipse
26.
(x 16
1)2
(y 4
y
1)2
1, ellipse
x
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
235
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
27. y
12
(x
8 4
4)2
y O
4 8 12 16
7, parabola
4x
28.
(x 5
2)2
(y 6
y
1)2
1,
hyperbola
29.
(x 25
3)2
y
(y 9
1)2
1, ellipse
30. parabolas and hyperbolas
31. hyperbola
32.
33. circle 35. parabola 37. ellipse 39. parabola 41. b 43. c
34. hyperbola 36. ellipse 38. circle 40. hyperbola 42. a 44. 2 intersecting lines
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
236
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
45. The plane should be vertical and contain the axis of the double cone.
46. If you point a flashlight at a flat surface, you can make different conic sections by varying the angle at which you point the flashlight. Answers should include the following. Point the flashlight directly at a ceiling or wall. The light from the flashlight is in the shape of a cone and the ceiling or wall acts as a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone. Hold the flashlight close to a wall and point it directly vertically toward the ceiling. A branch of a hyperbola will appear on the wall. In this case, the wall acts as a plane parallel to the axis of the cone. 48. C
(y 36 4)2 (x
47. D 49. 0 51.

(x 9
e
3)2
1, e
(y 4
1
6)2
50. 1
16
52. (3,
O
4); (3
y
25,
5)2
x
1 4); 6; 4
53. x12 55.

x7 y4
54. m12n 56. 196 beats per min 58. (3, 2)
57. (2, 6) 59. (0, 2)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
237
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
Lesson 8-7
1a. ( 3, 4), (3, 4)
y
Solving Quadratic Systems Pages 458460

2. The vertex of the parabola is on the ellipse. The parabola opens toward the interior of the ellipse and is narrow enough to intersect the ellipse in two other points. Thus, there are exactly three points of intersection.
4x O
3y
x2
y2
25
1b. ( 1, 4)
y y
2x 2 2
y
O
x2
3. Sample answer: x 2 y 2 40, y 5. ( 4, 7. (1, 3), (3, 4) 5), ( 1, 5)
4. ( 4, 5) x2 x 6. no solution 8.
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 10 8 6 4 2 2 4 6
O 2 4 6 8 10 x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
238
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
9.
10. (40, 30)
11. (2, 4), ( 1, 1) 13. ( 1
15. ( 25, 25), ( 25, ( 1 17. (5, 0), ( 4, 19. ( 8, 0) 21. no solution 6)
217, 1 217, 1
217), 217)
25)
12. a ,
3 2
9 b, 2
( 1, 2)
123 , 2
14. no solution 16. no solution 18. (0, 3), a 20. (0, 22. (4, 5)
11 b 4
3), ( 4,
3)
23. ( 5, 5), ( 5, 1), (3, 3) 25. a

5 , 3 7 b, 3
24. (6, 3), (6, 1), ( 4, 4), ( 4, 0) 26. (3, 4), ( 3, 4)
(1, 3)
27. 0.5 s
28. Sample answer:

x2 36 x2 16 x2 2 y2 16 (y 4 y2 16
1,
2)2
29. a
40
24 25 45 , 5
12 25 b 5
1,
1 4.4)
30. (39.2,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
239
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
31. No; the comet and Pluto may not be at either point of intersection at the same time.
32.
33.
34.
O O
35.
36.
O 8 6 4 2 O
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8x
37.
38. k
3,
2, or k
39. none 41. none

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
40. k 42.
240
2 or k 3 k
3 2 or 2 k 3
Chapter 8
Algebra 2
43. Systems of equations can be used to represent the locations and/or paths of objects on the screen. Answers should include the following. y 3x, x 2 y 2 2500 The y-intercept of the graph of the equation y 3x is 0, so the path of the spaceship contains the origin. ( 5 210, 15 210) or about ( 15.81, 47.43) 45. B 47. Sample answer: x2
(x 16 x2 4 y2 100
44. A
46. Sample answer: y x (y 2)2 48. Sample answer: x2 y2 100,

x2 16 x2 64
x 2,
y2
2)2
36,
y2 4
y2 4 y2 16
1 y2 81, 50. Sample answer:

x2 64 y2 16
49. Sample answer: x 2 1
1,
1 (y
y
51. impossible
52. (x 2)2 circle
1)2
11,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
241
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
53.
(y 9
3)2
x2 4
y
1, ellipse
54. (0,
2); (0,
y
4); y
23 x 3
6y 2 O
2x 2
24
55. 57. 59.
7, 0 7, 3
4 3 210 5
56. 0, 3 58. 7, 60. 5

2i 23 3 3 1 , 4 2
61a. 40 61b. two real, irrational 61c. 63. 2 65.

8 5
62a. 48 62b. two imaginary 62c. 1 64. 29
9i
1 i 5
28i
66. about 1830 times 68. 2

5 x 3 4 3
67. 6 69. 71. y 51 3x 2
70. (5, 3, 7) 72. y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
242
Algebra 2
Chapter 8
Chapter 9 Rational Expressions and Equations Lesson 9-1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions Pages 476478
1. Sample answer: ,
4 6 4(x 6(x 2) 2)
2. To multiply rational numbers or rational expressions, you multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators. To divide rational numbers or rational expressions, you multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor. In either case, you can reduce your answer by dividing the numerator and the denominator of the results by any common factors. 4.
9m 4n4
3. Never; solving the equation using cross products leads to 15 10, which is never true. 5. 7. 9.
1 a 3c 20b 6 5 b
6. 8. 10. 12. 14.
3y 2 y 4 5 12x p p 2y(y 3(y 5c 2b 5 1 2) 2)
11. cd 2x 13. D 15. 17. 19. 21.

s 3 1 2 a 2a 1 1 n2 7m
16. 18. 20. 22.
3x 4y
5 t y 3y 3x 2 2y 1 2 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
243
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
23. 25. 27. 29.
4bc 27a
24. 26.
f
xz 8y
2p 2
b3 x 2y 2 4 3
28. 3 30. 32.

3 4 2 3 5(x 2(x 3(r r 3n m m m2 n n2 3) 1) 4) 3
31. 1 33. 35. 37. 39. 41.

w w
34. 36. 38.
2(a 5) (a 2)(a 2)
2p
2x 2x 4 3 y y
40. y 42. d b or b
m a
1 2, 1 or 2
43. a 45.
6827 13,129
44.
6827 13,129
46. 2x 15)m 2 48.

1 a 2
1 units
47. (2x 2
49. A rational expression can be used to express the fraction of a nut mixture that is peanuts. Answers should include the following. The rational expression 8 x is in simplest form
13 x
50. C
because the numerator and the denominator have no common factors.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
244
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
53. ( 217, 51. A
Sample answer: 13 x y could be used to represent the fraction that is peanuts if x pounds of peanuts and y pounds of cashews were added to the original mixture. 52. ( 1, 222) 54. x
1 3
y
O
4), (5, (y 3)2
2) 1; parabola
x
1 (y 3
3)2
55.
(x 9
7)2 (y 1
y
2)2
1;
56. even; 2
hyperbola
8 4 O 4 4 8
(x 9 7)
2
x
8
(y 1
12
2)
2
AA
C A BLACK
57. odd; 3 59. 1, 4
58. even; 0 60.

1 1 , 6 3
61. 0, 5 63. 65. 1

1 9
245
62. 4.99 19 s 64. 66.

3 19 , 2 16
102 s or about 8 min
11 24
Algebra 2 Chapter 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
67. 1 69.
4 15 11 18
68. 70.
1 6
11 16
Lesson 9-2
Adding and Subtracting Rational Epressions Pages 481484

2. Sample answer: d 2 d, d 1
1. Catalina; you need a common denominator, not a common numerator, to subtract two rational expressions. 3a. Always; since a, b, and c are factors of abc, abc is always a common denominator of
1 a 1 b 1 . c
4. 12x 2y 2
3b. Sometimes; if a, b, and c have no common factors, then abc is the LCD of
1 a 1 b 1 . c
3c. Sometimes; if a and b have no common factors and c is a factor of ab, then ab is the 1 1 1 . LCD of
a b c
3d. Sometimes; if a and c are factors of b, then b is the 1 1 1 . LCD of

a b c
3e. Always; since

bc abc ac abc bc
1 a
1 b
1 c
always
ab , the sum abc ac ab . abc
is
5. 80ab3c 7.
2 x3 x 2y
6. x(x 8.
2)(x
2)
42a 2 5b 2 90ab 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
246
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
9. 11. 13.
37 42m 3a 10 (a 5)(a 4) 13x 2 2x (x 4x 1)(x 9 1)
10. 12. units
5d (d 8 5
16 2) 2
14. 70s 2t 2 16. 420a3b3c 3 18. 4(w 3) 3)(t 1)(t 1)
15. 180x 2yz 17. 36p 3q 4 19. x 2(x 21. (n 23. 25. 27. 29. 31. 33. 35. 37. 39. 41. 43.
a a 31 12v 2x 3y 25b 7a3 5a 2b 2 110w 423 90w a a 3 4 15y
y)(x 4)(n
y) 3)(n 2)
20. (2t 22. 24. 26. 28. 30. 32. 34.

2) 6 5 r 8b ab 7r
9x 2 2y 3 12x 2y 3 20q 13 y 8 2) 5m 4 3(m 2)(m 7x 2(x (h
y (y 9) (y 3)(y 3) (d (x 8d 4)(d 6 x2 2 2) (x 20 4)(d 3) 4 2)
38 7)(x 4)
36.
4h 15 4)(h 5)2
38. 0 40. 42.

1 b 2s 2s 3x 2x (x 24 h x 1 1 1 4 2)
2y 2 y (y 1)(y
1
7 2
44. 46.
45. 12 ohms
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
247
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
47. 49.
24 x 4
h
L) 2
48. or
48(x x(x
2) h 4)
2md (d L)2(d 2md 2 (d L2 ) 2
50. Sample answer:

1 x 1 x
1 2
51. Subtraction of rational expressions can be used to determine the distance between the lens and the film if the focal length of the lens and the distance between the lens and the object are known. Answers should include the following. To subtract rational expressions, first find a common denominator. Then, write each fraction as an equivalent fraction with the common denominator. Subtract the numerators and place the difference over the common denominator. If possible, reduce the answer.
1 q 1 10 1 60
52. B
could be used
to determine the distance between the lens and the film if the focal length of the lens is 10 cm and the distance between the lens and the object is 60 cm. 53. C 54.
4 15xyz 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
248
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
55.
a(a a
2) 1
56.
8
x2 8 O
y2 8x
16
8 9x 2 y2 81
57.
y
(y 3)
2
58. 2.5 ft
x
2
x2
59.
6 2 8 2
60.
15 10
O 8x 10
2
5 5 O 5 10 5 10x
6y
16
20
49
15 x
25
61.
10 8 6 4 2 6 2 4
(x 16 2)
2
O 2 4 6x
(y
5)
25
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
249
Algebra 2
Chapter 9

1. 3.
t t 2 3 y2 32
2. 4. 4)(3w 4)
c 6b 2 7 2
5. (w 7. 9.
4a a n (n
6. x 8. 10.
1 b 29 6)(n 1)
6ax 20by 2b3 15a 1 4
Lesson 9-3
1. Sample answer: f(x)
(x 1 5)(x 2)
Graphing Rational Functions Pages 488490

2. Each of the graphs is a straight line passing through ( 5, 0) and (0, 5). However, the graph of f (x)
(x 1)(x x 1 5)
has a hole at (1, 6), and the graph of g(x ) x 5 does not have a hole. 3. x 2 and y 0 are asymptotes of the graph. The y-intercept is 0.5 and there is no x-intercept because y 0 is an asymptote. 5. asymptote: x x 1 5; hole: 4. asymptote: x 2
6.
f (x )
x
x x
1
f (x )
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
250
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
7.
f (x ) 4
2
8.
10 6
f (x )
O 2 4
8x
(x 6 2)(x 3)
2 4 O 4
f (x )
2 6
x2 x
25 5
f (x )
10
9.
4 2 8 4 2 4
f (x )
10.
f (x )
4 (x
f (x )
1)2
8x
x x
5 1
f (x )
11.
f (x)
12. 100 mg
O x f(x)
x x2 x 2 6
13.
10 6 2 16 8 O 4
C
y y
12
14. y
12, C
1; 0; 0
16 y
15. y
0 and 0
1 4, x 2
16. asymptotes: x x 3 18. asymptotes: x x 3 20. hole: x 4
2, hole: 4, hole:
17. asymptotes: x 19. asymptotes: x x 5
1, hole:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
251
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
21. hole: x
22.
f (x ) f (x )
1 x
23.
f (x )
24.
f (x )
1
f (x )
x
2
x f (x )
3 x
25.
6 2 8 4 4 8
f (x ) f (x )
x
5 1
26.
f (x )
x
O 4 8 O
x f (x )
x x
3
27.
8 4 8 4 4
f (x ) f (x )
5x
28.
x
1
C
f (x ) f (x )
(x
C
3 2)2
x
O
8x
29.
f (x )
1 (x 3)2
f (x )
30.
f (x )
x x
4 1
f (x )
6 2 8 4 O 4 4 8x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
252
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
31.
f (x )
32.
8
4 4 O
36 6
f(x)
x f (x )
x x
1 3
f(x)
x2 x
4 8 12
33.
f(x)
x2 x 1 1
f (x)
34.
f (x )
O O x
f (x )
(x
3 1)( x
5)
35.
f (x )
36.
f (x )
x x2
1
f (x )
f (x )
(x
1 2)( x
3)
37.
f (x )
x x2
1 4
f (x )
38.
f (x )
6 (x 6)2
f (x )
O
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
253
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
39.
f (x )
f (x )
1 (x 2)2
40.
f (x ) f (x )
64
x2
16
x
O
41. The graph is bell-shaped with a horizontal asymptote at f(x) 0.
42. Since
64 16
64 x
2
the graph of f (x) graph of f (x) the x-axis.
x2 64
b, 16 64 16
would be a reflection of the

x
2
16
over
43.
20 12 4 16 8 4
Vf Vf
m1 m1
7 7
44. m1
5
7; 7;
O 8 m1
45. about
0.83 m/s
46. Sample answers: f(x) f (x) f (x)

x 2 , (x 2)(x 3) 2(x 2) , (x 2)(x 3) 5(x 2) (x 2)(x 3)
47.
P (x )
8
6 x 10 4 x
P (x )
48. the part in the first quadrant
12
4 O 4 8
4x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
254
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
49. It represents her original freethrow percentage of 60%.
50. y 1; This represents 100%, which she cannot achieve because she has already missed 4 free throws. 52. A
51. A rational function can be used to determine how much each person owes if the cost of the gift is known and the number of people sharing the cost is s. Answers should include the following. c
100 50
150 s
s
100
0 50
O 50 100 s 50 c 100 0
Only the portion in the first quadrant is significant in the real world because there cannot be a negative number of people nor a negative amount of money owed for the gift. 53. B 55.
3x 16 (x 3)(x 2)
y
57. (6, 2); 5
58. ( 2, 0); 113 54. 56.

5(w (w 2) 3) 2
y
3m m
4 n
(x
6)2
(y
2)2
25 O
x x2 y2
4x 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
255
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
59. $65,892 61. 12, 10
60. 62.
4
7
3 213 2
2i
63. 4.5 65. 20
64. 1.4 66. 12
Lesson 9-4
1a. inverse 1b. direct
Direct, Joint, and Inverse Variation Pages 495498

2. Both are examples of direct variation. For y 5x, y increases as x increases. For y 5x, y decreases as x increases. 4. inverse; 20
3. Sample answers: wages and hours worked, total cost and number of pounds of apples; distances traveled and amount of gas remaining in the tank, distance of an object and the size it appears 5. direct; 7. 24 9. 13. 8 11. 25.8 psi Depth(ft) Pressure(psi) 0 0 1 0.43 2 0.86 3 1.29 4 1.72 0.5
6. joint; 8. 10. P 45
1 2
0.43d
12. about 150 ft
14. direct; 1.5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
256
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
P P
0.43d O
15. joint; 5 17. direct; 3 19. direct; 7
16. inverse;
1 3
18
18. inverse; 12 20. joint; 22. V
21. inverse; 2.5 23. V 27. 20 29. 64 31. 4 33. 9.6 35. 0.83 37.
1 6
k p
kt
24. directly; 2 26. 60 28. 216 30. 25 32. 1.25 34. 36. 2 12.6
1 4
25. 118.5 km
38. 30 mph 40. See students work. 42. joint 44. / 15md 46. See students work. 48.
I I
16 2 d
39. 100.8 cm3 41. m 45. joint 47. I

k d2
20sd
43. 1860 lb
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
257
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
49. The sound will be heard as 4 intensely. 51. about 127,572 calls 53. no; d 0
50. 0.02; C
0.02P1P2 d2
52. about 601 mi 54. Sample answer: If the average student spends $2.50 for lunch in the school cafeteria, write an equation to represent the amount s students will spend for lunch in d days. How much will 30 students spend in a week? a 2.50sd; $375 56. D
55. A direct variation can be used to determine the total cost when the cost per unit is known. Answers should include the following. Since the total cost T is the cost per unit u times the number of units n or C un, the relationship is a direct variation. In this equation u is the constant of variation. Sample answer: The school store sells pencils for 20 each. John wants to buy 5 pencils. What is the total cost of the pencils? ($1.00) 57. C 59. asymptotes: x 61. 63.
x y x 1) 5 m (m m
58. asymptote: x x 1 4, x 3 60. hole: x 62.

t 2 2t (t 2)(t 2 2)
1; hole
64. 9.3 66. 3; 7 68. C 70. S

258
107
65. 0.4; 1.2 67. 69. A

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3 ;3 5
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
71. P 73. C
72. A

1.
f (x ) f (x )
x x
1 4
2.
O
f (x ) x
x f (x )
2 6x
3. 49 5. 112
4. 4.4
Lesson 9-5 Classes of Functions Pages 501504

1. Sample answer:
P
2. constant (y 1), direct variation (y identity (y x)
2x),
This graph is a rational function. It has an asymptote at x 1. 3. The equation is a greatest integer function. The graph looks like a series of steps. 5. inverse variation or rational
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4. greatest integer
6. constant
259
Algebra 2 Chapter 9
7. c 9. identity or direct variation

y
8. b 10. quadratic
y x2
2 O
y
O
x x
11. absolute value

y
12. A r 2; quadratic; the graph is a parabola
13. absolute value 15. rational 17. quadratic 19. b 21. g 23. constant
y
14. square root 16. direct variation 18. constant 20. e 22. a 24. direct variation
y
y
O
2.5x
x y
1.5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
260
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
25. square root

y
26. inverse variation or rational

y y y
9x O
4 x
AA
C A BLACK
27. rational
y y
x x
2
28. greatest integer

y
1 1
3[x ]
29. absolute value

y
30. quadratic
y
y
O
2x
y x
O
2x 2
31. C
4.5 m
32. direct variation 34. similar to a parabola
33. a line slanting to the right and passing through the origin
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
261
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
35.
160 Cost (cents) 120 80 40 0
x 2 4 6 Ounces 8 10
36. The graph is similar to the graph of the greatest integer function because both graphs look like a series of steps. In the graph of the postage rates, the solid dots are on the right and the circles are on the left. However, in the greatest integer function, the circles are on the right and the solid dots are on the left. 38. A graph of the function that relates a persons weight on Earth with his or her weight on a different planet can be used to determine a persons weight on the other planet by finding the point on the graph that corresponds with the weight on Earth and determining the value on the other planets axis. Answers should include the following. The graph comparing weight on Earth and Mars represents a direct variation function because it is a straight line passing through the origin and is neither horizontal nor vertical. The equation V 0.9E compares a persons weight on Earth with his or her weight on Venus.
V
80 Venus 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 Earth 80
37a. absolute value 37b. quadratic 37c. greatest integer 37d. square root
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
262
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
39. C 41. 22
40. D 42.
f (x )
3
f (x )
x
2
43.
f (x )
44.
f (x )
f (x )
x
2
5x 4 4
x f (x )
(x 8 1)(x 3)
45. (8, 1); a8, y

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 2 2
7 b; x 8 1 1 1 ; up; unit 8 2
8;
46. a 3 , 1b ; a 2 , 1b;
1 4
1; x
y
1 4 1 4 ; 4
right; 4 units
x
1( y 2
1 2 y 4
1 y 2
1)
(x
8)2
O 2 4 6
10 12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
263
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
47.
(5, x
4); a5 ,
3 4 1 4
4b ; y
4;
48. c
25 66
23 26
54 d 57
4 ; right; 3 units
y
O
3x
y2
8y
31
49. impossible 51. a , 2b

1 3
50. (7, 52. (2, 54. 12
5) 2)
53. 1 55.
17 6
56. 60a3b 2c 2 58. 15(d y) 6)(2t 1) 60. (a 2) 3)(a 1)(a 2)
57. 45x 3y 3 59. 3(x 61. (t y)(x 5)(t
Lesson 9-6
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities Pages 509511

2. 2(x 4); 4
1. Sample answer:
1 5 2 a 2
1 4. 3
3. Jeff; when Dustin multiplied by 3a, he forgot to multiply the 2 by 3a. 5. 2, 6 7. 6, 2

264
6. 8.
2 3
2
Algebra 2 Chapter 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
9. v 11. 2 13. 15. 19. t 21. 0 23. 14 25. 27. 7 29.

3
0 or v
1 6
10. 2 h 12.
4 3
2 9
6, 1 1 a 0 or t y 2 0 3
14. 16. 18. 3 20. 0 22. p 24.

3 2
3, 2 1 b m 1 2
1 2
17. 11
0 or p
3 22 2
26. 28. 30.

7 3 1
2145 4
31. 32 33. band, 80 members; chorale, 50 members 35. 24 cm 37. 5 mL 39. 6.15 41. If something has a general fee and cost per unit, rational equations can be used to determine how many units a person must buy in order for the actual unit price to be a given number. Answers should include the following. To solve
500 x 5x
32. 2 or 4 34. 4.8 cm/g 36. 15 km/h 38. 5 40.

b bc 1
42. B
6,
multiply each side of the equation by x to eliminate the rational expression.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
265
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
Then subtract 5x from each side. Therefore, 500 x. A person would need to make 500 minutes of long distance calls to make the actual unit price 6. Since the cost is 5 per minute plus $5.00 per month, the actual cost per minute could never be 5 or less. 43. C 44. quadratic
y
y
O
2x 2
45. square root

y
46. direct variation

y
x y
0.8x
2 x
51. 2137 47. 36 53. 5x 0 0
48. 33.75 50. 225 52. 5x 0 x x 46 11 or x

1 2
49. 22130
36
54. e b ` 1
2f
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
266
Algebra 2
Chapter 9
Chapter 10 Esponential and Logarithmic Relations Lesson 10-1 Exponential Functions Pages 527530
1. Sample answer: 0.8 2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. quadratic exponential linear exponential {x 0 x is all real numbers.}, {y 0 y 0}
y
3. c 5. b
4. a 6. D R
3(4)x
7. D R
{x 0 x is all real numbers.}, {y 0 y 0}

y
8. growth
( 1 )x 3
x
13. 2227 or 427 11. y 3a b

1 x 2
9. decay
10. growth 12. y 14. a4 16. 18. 2 20. 22,890,495,000 9 18132 x
15. 3322 or 2722 17. x 19. y 0 65,000(6.20)x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
267
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
21. D R

y
22. D R

y
5(2)x
y y
O 2(3)x
23. D R

y
24. D R

y
x
0.5(4
)x
(1) 3
25. D R

y x
O
26. D R

y
O
y y
2.5(5)x
( 1 )x 5
27. growth 29. decay 31. decay 33. y 35. y 37. y 2a b 7(3)x 0.2(4)x
268
28. growth 30. growth 32. decay

1 x 4
34. y 36. y 38. y
3(5)x 5a b
1 x 3
0.3(2)x
Algebra 2 Chapter 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
39. 54 or 625 41. 7412 43. n 2 45. n 47. 1 49. 51. n 53. 57. y 59. y 3 100(6.32)x 3.93(1.35)x
8 3
40. x115 44. 25
42. y 2 13
2 3
46.
48. n 50. 0 3 52.

5 3
54. p 56. 3, 5
55. 10
58. about 1,008,290 60. 9.67 million; 17.62 million; 32.12 million; These answers are in close agreement with the actual populations in those years. 62. Exponential; the base, 1 , n is fixed, but the exponent, nt, is variable since the time t can vary.
r
61. 2144.97 million; 281.42 million; No, the growth rate has slowed considerably. The population in 2000 was much smaller than the equation predicts it would be. 63. A(t ) 1000(1.01)4t 65. s . 4x 67. Sometimes; true when b but false when b 1. 1,
64. $2216.72 66. 1.5 three-year periods or 4.5 yr 68. The number of teams y that could compete in a tournament with x rounds can be expressed as y 2x. The 2 teams that make it to the final round got there as a result of winning games played with 2 other teams, for a total of 2 2 22 or 4 games played in the previous rounds. Answers should include the following.
269
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Rewrite 128 as a power of 2, 27. Substitute 27 for y in the equation y 2x. Then, using the Property of Equality for Exponents, x must be 7. Therefore, 128 teams would need to play 7 rounds of tournament play. Sample answer: 52 would be an inappropriate number of teams to play in this type of tournament because 52 is not a power of 2. 69. A 71. 70. 780.25 72.
[ 5, 5] scl: 1 by [ 1, 9] scl: 1
[ 5, 5] scl: 1 by [ 1, 9] scl: 1
The graphs have the same shape. The graph of y 2x 3 is the graph of y 2x translated three units up. The asymptote for the graph of y 2x is the line y 0 and for y 2x 3 is the line y 3. The graphs have the same domain, all real numbers, but the range of y 2x is y 0 and the range of y 2x 3 is y 3. The y-intercept of the graph of y 2x is 1 and for the graph of y 2x 3 is 4.
The graphs have the same shape. The graph of y 3x 1 is the graph of y 3x translated one unit to the left. The asymptote for the graph of y 3x and for y 3x 1 is the line y 0. The graphs have the same domain, all real numbers, and range, y 0. The y-intercept of the graph of y 3x is 1 and for the graph of y 3x 1 is 3.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
270
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
73.
74.
[ 5, 5] scl: 1 by [ 1, 9] scl: 1
[ 5, 5] scl: 1 by [ 3, 7] scl: 1
The graphs have the same shape. The graph of y y

1 x a b 5 1 x a b 5
2
The graphs have the same shape. The graph of y y

1 x a b 4 1 x a b 4
is the graph of translated two units

1 x a b 5
1 is the graph of translated one

1 x a b 4 1 x a b 4
to the right. The asymptote for the graph of y for y

1 x a b 5
2
unit down. The asymptote for the graph of y the line y 0 and 1 is
and
is the line
y 0. The graphs have the same domain, all real numbers, and range, y 0. The y-intercept of the graph of y
1 x a b 5
for the graph of y
is the line y 1. The graphs have the same domain, all real numbers, but the range of y is y is y 0 and of y
1 x a b 4 1 x a b 4 1 x a b 4
is 1 and for the

1 x a b 5
2
graph of y
is 25.
1. The y-intercept is 1
of the graph of y
1 x a b 4
and for the graph of y 75. For h 0, the graph of y 2x is translated 0 h 0 units to the right. For h 0, the graph of y 2x is translated |h| units to the left. For k 0, the graph of y 2x is translated 0k 0 units up. For k 0, the graph of y 2x is translated 0k 0 units down.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
1 is 0.
76. 1, 15
271
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
77. 1, 6 79. 0 x 3 or x 6
78.
13 , 3
80. square root
81. greatest integer
82. constant
y y
8
83. B 85.
87. g [h(x)] h [g(x)] 89. g [h(x)] h [g(x)]
3 1 B 51 11
1 0 R 0 1
6 R 5
84. does not exist 86. about 23.94 cm 6; 11 2; 11 88. g [h(x)] h [g(x)] x2 x2 6x 3 9;
2x 2x 2x 2x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
272
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
Lesson 10-2
Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions Pages 535538

5y and 2. They are inverses. 4. log5 625 4
1. Sample answer: x y log5 x
3. Scott; the value of a logarithmic equation, 9, is the exponent of the equivalent exponential equation, and the base of the logarithmic expression, 3, is the base of the exponential equation. Thus x 39 or 19,683. 5. log7 7. 362 9. 11. 3 1
1
1 49
6. 34 8. 4 10. 21 12. 27 14.

1 2
81
13. 1000 15.

1 , 2
x 6
16. x
17. 3 19. 107.5 21. log8 512 23. log5

1 125
18. 1013 20. 105.5 or about 316,228 times 3 3

1 2
22. log3 27
1 24. log 3 9
3 2
1 4
25. log100 10 27. 53 29. 4 31. 83 33. 4

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2
26. log2401 7 28. 132 30. 100 32. a b

1 5
1 2
125
1
169
1 10
1 4
25
34. 2
273
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
35. 37.
1 2
36. 5 5 3 38.
5 2
4 2
39. 7 41. n 43.
40. 45 42. 3x 44. 2x 46. 1010.67 48. c y 24 8 50. 125 52. 0 54. 58. 25 3 56. 11 60. y 3
?
45. 1018.8 47. 81 49. 0 51. 7 53. x 55. 4 57. 2 59. 5 61. a
256 p 1
3 8
62. 2 log5 5 2 log5 5 2(1)

1
63. log5 25 log5 5
Original equation 25 52 and 5 51 Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms Simplify.
64. log16 2 log2 16 log16 164

1
2 ?
?
1 1
Original equation 2 164 and 16

1
log2 24
1 (4) 4
24
1 Inverse Prop.
of Exp. and Logarithms
2
1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
274
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
65. log7 [log3 (log2 8)] log7 [log3 (log2 23)] log7 (log3 3)
?
66a. 0 0 0
Original equation 8 23
( 1) 2
? ?
x
2
Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms 3 31
log 1 x
log7 (log3 31) log7 1
? ?
0 0
66b. The graphs are reflections of each other over the line y x.
Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms 1 70
log7 70 0
0 0
Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms
67a.
y y
log2x 3
68. 103 or 1000 times as great

y
log2(x 2)
y
O
log2(x
1)
log2x
67b. The graph of y log2 x 3 is the graph of y log2 x translated 3 units up. The graph of y log2 x 4 is the graph of y log2 x translated 4 units down. The graph of log2 (x 1) is the graph of y log2 x translated 1 unit to the right. The graph of log2 (x 2) is the graph of y log2 x translated 2 units to the left. 69. 101.4 or about 25 times as great
275
70. 101.7 or about 50 times
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
71. 2 and 3; Sample answer: 5 is between 22 and 23. 73. A logarithmic scale illustrates that values next to each other vary by a factor of 10. Answers should include the following. Pin drop: 1 100; Whisper: 1 102; Normal conversation: 1 106; Kitchen noise: 1 1010; Jet engine: 1 1012
Pin drop Whisper (4 feet) Normal conversation Kitchen noise Jet engine
72. All powers of 1 are 1, so the inverse of y 1x is not a function. 74. B
10 11
10 11
10 11
10 11 1
10 12
On the scale shown above, the sound of a pin drop and the sound of normal conversation appear not to differ by much at all, when in fact they do differ in terms of the loudness we perceive. The first scale shows this difference more clearly. 75. D 77. b12 79. 81. 83.
5 273 4 14 5 6x 3)(x 58 3)(x 7)
76. x 216 78. 80. 82.

7 3 43 30y
3,
(x
84. $2400, CD; $1600, savings 86. y 24 88. an6 90. 1
85. x10 87. 8a6b 3 89.

x3 y 2z 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
276
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Practice Quiz 1 Page538

1. growth 3. log4 4096 5. 7.
4 3 3 5
2. y 6 4. 92 6. 15 8. n
3
2(4)x 27
9. x
26
10. 3
Lesson 10-3
Properties of Logarithms Pages 544546

2. Sample answer: 2log3 x log3 5; log3 5x 2 4. 1.1402
1. properties of exponents 3. Umeko; Clemente incorrectly applied the product and quotient properties of logarithms. log7 6 log7 3 log7 (6 3) or log7 18 Product Property of
Logarithms
log7 18 log7 (18
log7 2 2) or log7 9
Quotient Prop. of Logarithms
5. 2.6310 7. 6 9. 3 11. pH 6.1 log10

B C
6. 8. 2 10. 4
0.3690
12. 20:1 14. 1.2921 16. 0.2519 18. 2.1133 20. 0.0655
277
13. 1.3652 15. 19. 0.2519 0.4307 17. 2.4307
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
21. 2 23. 4 25. 14 27. 2 29. 31. 10 33.

x3 4
22. 3 24. 28. 30. 6 32. 12 34. 36.

n logb x logb x n m logb x logb x m
? ?
2 4
26. 12
1 1x 2
12
35. False; log2 (22 23) log2 12, log2 22 log2 23 2 3 or 5, and log2 12 Z 5, since 25 Z 12.
(n (n
m)logb x m)logb x
Power Prop. of Logarithms
logb (x n x m) logb (x n (n 37. 2 39. about 0.4214 kilocalories per gram 41. 3 43. About 95 decibels; L 10 log10 R, where L is the loudness of the sound in decibels and R is the relative intensity of the sound. Since the crowd increased by a factor of 3, we assume that the intensity also increases by a factor of 3. Thus, we need to find the loudness of 3R.
m
(n (n (n
m)logb x m)logb x m)logb
Product Prop. of Logarithms
Product of Powers Prop.
m)logb x 1.4 log
Power Prop. of Logarithms
38. E
C2 C1
40. about 0.8429 kilocalories per gram 42. 3 44. 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
278
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
L L L L L 45. 7.5
10 log10 3R 10 (log10 3 log10 R ) 10 log103 10 log10 R 10(0.4771) 90 4.771 90 or about 95 46. about 22 m and b y n. Then x and logb n y.
bx by m n m n
47. Let b x logb m
bx logb b x
y y
Quotient Prop.
m Prop. of n Equality for Logarithmic Equations m logb Inverse n Prop. of
logb
Exp. and Logarithms
logb m
logb n
logb
m Replace x n with log m b and y with logbn.
48. Since logarithms are exponents, the properties of logarithms are similar to the properties of exponents. The Product Property states that to multiply two powers that have the same base, add the exponents. Similarly, the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of its factors. The Quotient Property states that to divide two powers that have the same base, subtract their exponents. Similarly, the logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms of the numerator and the denominator. The Power Property states that to find the power of a power, multiply the exponents. Similarly, the logarithm of a power is the product of the logarithm and the exponent. Answers should include the following. Quotient Property: log2
32 a b 8
log2
25 a 3b 2
3)
log2 2(5 5
3 or 2
Replace 32 with 25 and 8 with 23. Quotient of Powers Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
279
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
log2 32
log2 8
log2 25 5
log2 23
Replace 32 with 25 and 8 with 23.
3 or 2
Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms
So, log2 a log3 94
32 b 8
log2 32
log2 8
Power Property: log3 (32)4 log3 3(2 4) 2 4 or 8 4 log3 9 (log3 9) 4 (log3 32) 4 2 4 or 8
Replace 9 with 32. Power of a Power Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms Comm ( ) Replace 9 with 32. Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms
So, log3 94 4 log3 9. The Product of Powers Property and Product Property of Logarithms both involve the addition of exponents, since logarithms are exponents. 49. A 50. Let b x (b x)p b xp logb b xp xp plogb m 51. 4 53. 2x 55. 8 57. odd; 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
m, then logb m x. mp m p Product of Powers logb m p Prop. of Equality

for Logarithmic Equations
logb m p logb m p
Inverse Prop. of Exp. and Logarithms Replace x with logb m.
52. 54. 6 56. d
3 4
58. even; 4
280
59. 61.
3b a 5 3x
60. 2 62. 3.06 s 64. 5

5 3
63. 1 65. x
66.
3 4
Lesson 10-4 Common Logarithms Pages 549551

1. 10; common logarithms 3. A calculator is not programmed to find base 2 logarithms. 5. 1.3617 7. 1.7325 9. 4.9824 11. 11.5665 13. 15.
log 5 ; log 7 log 9 ; log 2
2. Sample answer: 5x 2; x 0.4307 4. 0.6021
6.
8. {n 0 n 10.
0.3010 0.4907} 4.8188} 3.4022 1.1615
12. {p 0 p 14.
0.8271 3.1699
log 42 ; log 3
16. at most 0.00003 mole per liter 18. 1.0792 20. 0.3617 22. 1.5229 24. 2.2 26. 3.5
17. 0.6990 19. 0.8573 21. 0.0969 23. 11 25. 2.1 27. {x 0 x 2.0860} 1.1590}
29. {a 0 a 31. 0.4341 33. 4.7820
28. 2.4550 30. 0.5537 32. 4.8362 34. 8.0086

281
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
35.
37. {n 0 n
1.1909 1.0178}
36.
2.6281 1.9803}
39. 3.7162 41. 0.5873 43. 45. 47. 49. 7.6377

log 13 log 2 log 3 log 7 2log 1.6 log 4
40. {p 0 p
38. 1.0890 42. 4.7095 44. 2.7674 46. 48. 50.

log 20 log 5 log 8 log 3 0.5 log 5 log 6
3.7004 0.5646 0.6781
1.8614 1.8928 0.4491
51. between 0.000000001 and 0.000001 mole per liter 53. Sirius 55. Vega
52. 8 54. Sirius: 1.45, Vega: 0.58

1 3 3 2 56b. ; 2 3
56a. 3;
56c. conjecture: loga b proof: loga b

logb b logb a 1 logb a
?
1 ; logba
1 log b a 1 logb a 1 logb a
Original statement Change of Base Formula
Inverse Prop. of Exponents and Logarithms
57. about 3.75 yr or 3 yr 9 mo
58. about 11.64 yr or 11 yr, 8 mo
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
282
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
59. Comparisons between substances of different acidities are more easily distinguished on a logarithmic scale. Answers should include the following. Sample answer: Tomatoes: 6.3 10 5 mole per liter Milk: 3.98 10 7 mole per liter Eggs: 1.58 10 8 mole per liter Those measurements correspond to pH measurements of 5 and 4, indicating a weak acid and a stronger acid. On the logarithmic scale we can see the difference in these acids, whereas on a normal scale, these hydrogen ion concentrations would appear nearly the same. For someone who has to watch the acidity of the foods they eat, this could be the difference between an enjoyable meal and heartburn. 61. C 63. 1.6938 65. 64 67. 62 69. (d 73. 32 2)(3d x x y
283
60. A
62. 1.4248 64. 1.8416 66. z 68. 4)

1 64
22 3)(6q 3 125 3 5)
70. (7p 72. 2x 74. 53
71. prime 75. log5 45 77. logb x

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
76. log7 x
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
Lesson 10-5
1. the number e
Base e and Natural Logarithms Pages 557559

2. e x 8
3. Elsu; Colby tried to write each side as a power of 10. Since the base of the natural logarithmic function is e, he should have written each side as a power of e; 10ln 4x Z 4x. 5. 0.0334 7. 2.3026 1 9. e0 11. 5x 13. 1.0986 15. 0 17. x 403.4288
4. 403.4288
6. 0.1823 8. x 10. 3 12. x 14. 3.4012 0.8047

P 101.3
ln 4
16. 2.4630 18. h 26200 ln
90.0171
19. about 15,066 ft 21. 148.4132 23. 1.6487 25. 2.3026 27. 31. 2 33. e x 35. y 37. 45 39. 41. x 45. x 0.6931 0.4700 0.9730
284
20. 54.5982 22. 0.3012 24. 1.0986 26. 1.6901 28. $183.21 30. x ln 5 e 32. e1 34. 0.2 36. 40. x 44. x 4x 1.5041 0.6438 38. 0.2877 42. 0.2747 46. 27.2991
3.5066 ln 6x 5.2
29. about 49.5 cm
43. 0.5973
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
47. 49.4711 49. 14.3891 51. 45.0086 53. 1 55. t 57. t

100 ln 2 r 110 r
48. 1.7183 50. 232.9197 52. 2, 6 54. about 19.8 yr 56. 100 ln 2 70
58. about 7.33 billion 60. about 32 students 62. always;

log x log y
?
59. about 55 yr 61. about 21 min
In x In y
Original statement Change of Base Formula
log x logx ? log e log y logy log e
log x log y
log x log e
log e log y
Multiply log x by the log e reciprocal of log y . log e Simplify.
log x log y
log x log y
63. The number e is used in the formula for continuously compounded interest, A Pe rt. Although no banks actually pay interest compounded continually, the equation is so accurate in computing the amount of money for quarterly compounding or daily compounding, that it is often used for this purpose. Answers should include the following.
64. B
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
285
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
If you know the annual interest rate r and the principal P, the value of the account after t years is calculated by multiplying P times e raised to the r times t power. Use a calculator to find the value of e rt. If you know the value A you wish the account to achieve, the principal P, and the annual interest rate r, the time t needed to achieve this value is found by first taking the natural logarithm of A minus the natural logarithm of P. Then, divide this quantity by r. 65. 1946, 1981, 2015; It takes between 34 and 35 years for the population to double. 67.
log 0.047 log 6
66.
log 68 log 4
3.0437
1.7065
68.
log 23 log 50
0.8015
69. 5 71. inverse; 4 73. direct; 75. 3.32 77. 1.43 79. 13.43 7
70. 4 72. joint; 1 74. x

1 2 y 20
76. 1.54 78. 323.49 80. 9.32
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
286
Algebra 2
Chapter 10

1.
log 5 ; log 4
1.1610
2. e 2 4. x
3x 5.3219
3. 3 5. 1.3863
Lesson 10-6
Exponential Growth and Decay Pages 563565

2. Take the common logarithm of each side, use the Power Property to write log (1 r)t as t log(1 r), and then divide each side by the quantity log(1 r). 4. Decay; the exponent is negative. 6. about 402 days 8. about 349,529 people 10. $1600 12. about 8.1 days 14. more than 44,000 years ago
1. y a(1 r)t, where r 0 represents exponential growth, and r 0 represents exponential decay.
3. Sample answer: money in a bank 5. about 33.5 watts 7. y 9. C 11. at most $108,484.93 13. No; the bone is only about 21,000 years old, and dinosaurs died out 63,000,000 years ago. 15. about 0.0347 17. $12,565 billion 19. after the year 2182 212,000e0.025t
16. y
ae0.0347t
18. about 2025 20. 4.7%
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
287
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
21. Never; theoretically, the amount left will always be half of the previous amount.
22. Answers should include the following. Find the absolute value of the difference between the price of the car for two consecutive years. Then divide this difference by the price of the car for the earlier year. Find 1 minus the rate of decrease in the value of the car as a decimal. Raise this value to the number of years it has been since the car was purchased, and then multiply by the original value of the car. 24. D 26. ln 29 28. 1.5323 30. 9 4n 2
23. about 19.5 yr 25. ln y 27. 4x 2 29. p 31. 33. 3 e8 3.3219

0.5 (0.08 p) 4
0.5 (0.08 p) 6 p 150
32.
p 60
34. hyperbola 36. parabola 38. 2.06 108 40. about 38.8%
35. ellipse 37. circle 39. 8 107
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
288
Algebra 2
Chapter 10
Chapter 11 Sequences and Series Lesson 11-1 Arithmetic Sequences Pages 580582
1. The differences between the terms are not constant. 3. Sample answer: 1, 14, . . . 5. 9. 3, 112 5, 7, 9 7. 14, 12, 10, 8, 6 11. 15 13. 56, 68, 80 15. 30, 37, 44, 51 17. 6, 10, 14, 18 19.
7 , 3 11 13 , 3 3
2. 95 4. 24, 28, 32, 36 6. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 8. 43 10. 79 12. an 11n 4,

8 6 5 5
4,
9,
37 11
14. $12,000 16. 10, 3,

12 , 5
18. 1, 4, 7, 10 20. 2, ,
3,
21. 5.5, 5.1, 4.7, 4.3 23. 2, 15, 28, 41, 54 25. 6, 2, 27.
4 , 3
22. 8.8, 11.3, 13.8, 16.3 24. 41, 46, 51, 56, 61 26. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0 28. 30. 32.
5 , 8 11 7 17 , , 8 4 8
2,
2 1 3 3
6,
10
1, , , 0
1, 49
29. 28 31. 94 33. 335 35.

26 3
175
25 2
34. 340 36. 38.
37. 27 39. 61 41. 37.5 in. 43. 30th 45. 82nd 47. an 7n 25
289
47
40. 173 42. 304 ft 44. 19th 46. an 48. an 9n 2n 2 1

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
49. 13, 17, 21
50. pn
4n
51. Yes; it corresponds to n 100. 53. 4, 2 55. 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 57. Arithmetic sequences can be used to model the numbers of shingles in the rows on a section of roof. Answers should include the following. One additional shingle is needed in each successive row. One method is to successively add 1 to the terms of the sequence: a8 9 1 or 10, a9 10 1 or 11, a10 11 1 or 12, a11 12 1 or 13, a12 13 1 or 14, a13 14 1 or 15, a14 15 1 or 16, a15 16 1 or 17. Another method is to use the formula for the nth term: a15 3 (15 1)1 or 17. 59. B 61. 0.4055
52. 70, 85, 100 54. 56. z 58. B 5, 2, 1, 4 2y x
60. about 26.7% 62. 0.4621
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
290
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
63. 146.4132 65. 2, 5, 8, 11 67. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27
64. 15 66. 5, 4, 3, 2
Lesson 11-2 Arithmetic Series Pages 586587

1. In a series, the terms are added. In a sequence, they are not.
4
2. Sample answer: 0 3 4 4. 1300 6. 1932 8. 800 10. 63 12. 11, 20, 29 14. 28 16. 663 18. 2646 20. 88 22. 182 24. 225 26.
245 6
3. Sample answer: a (3n

n 1
4)
5. 230 7. 552 9. 260 11. 95 13. 6, 0, 6 15. 344 17. 1501 19. 23. 9 714 21. 104
25. 14 27. 10 rows 29. 721 31. 162 33. 108 35. 195 37. 315,150 39. 1,001,000 41. 17, 26, 35
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
28. 8 days 30. 735 32. 34. 204 35
36. 510 38. 24,300 40. 166,833 42.

291
13,
8,
3
43.
12,
9,
44. 13, 18, 23 46. True; for any series, 2a1 2a2 2a3 p 2an 2(a1 a2 a3 p an). 48. Arithmetic series can be used to find the seating capacity of an amphitheater. Answers should include the following. The sequence represents the numbers of seats in the rows. The sum of the first n terms of the series is the seating capacity of the first n rows. One method is to write out the terms and add them: 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 360. Another method is to use the formula n [2a1 (n 1)d ]: Sn S10
2 10 2
45. 265 ft
47. False; for example, 7 10 13 16 46, but 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 140.
[2(18) 1)4] or 360.
(10 49. C 51. 5555 53. 6683 55. 57. 59.

3
50. C 52. 3649 54. 111 56. about 3.82 days 60. 23 58. 62. 2 22 64. 54
16 3
135
9 2
289 2
61. 26221 63. 16 65.

2 27
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
292
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
Lesson 11-3 Geometric Sequences Pages 590592

1a. Geometric; the terms have a common ratio of 2. 1b. Arithmetic; the terms have a common difference of 3. 3. Marika; Lori divided in the wrong order when finding r. 5. 2, 7. 9.
15 64
2. Sample answer: 1, , ,
2 4 8 , 3 9 27
4. 67.5, 101.25 6. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162
8. 56 10. an 12. A 14. 192, 256 16. 48, 32 18. 20.

125 625 , 24 48
4 2n
11. 3, 9 13. 15, 5 15. 54, 81 17. 19.

20 40 , 27 81
2.16, 2.592 6, 18, 54, 162
21.875, 54.6875 288, 144, 72, 36
21. 2,
3 16
22. 1, 4, 16, 64, 256 24. 576, 26. 2592 28. 1024 30.
1 4
23. 243, 81, 27, 9, 3 25.
27. 729 29. 243 31. 1 33. 78,125 35. 8748
32. 192 34. 2 36.

5 72
n 1
37. 655.36 lb 39. an 41. an

1 36 a b 3
n 1
38. $46,794.34 40. an

1
1 64 a b 4
2( 5)n
42. an
4( 3)n
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
293
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
43.
18, 36,
72
44.
12, 36,
108
45. 16, 8, 4, 2 47. 8 days 49. False; the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, p, for example, is neither arithmetic nor geometric. 51. The heights of the bounces of a ball and the heights from which a bouncing ball falls each form geometric sequences. Answers should include the following. 3, 1.8, 1.08, 0.648, 0.3888 The common ratios are the same, but the first terms are different. The sequence of heights from which the ball falls is the sequence of heights of the bounces with the term 3 inserted at the beginning. 53. C 55. 203 57. 12, 16, 20
46. 6, 12, 24, 48 48. 5 mg 50. False, the sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, p, for example, is arithmetic (d 0) and geometric (r 1). 52. A
58. 5 22 60.
63 32
54. 632.5 56. 19, 23
3 210 units
59. 127 61.

61 81
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
294
Algebra 2
Chapter 11

1. 46 3. 187 5. 1 2.
11 2
4. 816
Lesson 11-4 Geometric Series Pages 596598

1. Sample answer: 4 2 1
1 2
2. The polynomial is a geometric series with first term 1, common ratio x, and 4 terms. The sum is
1(1 1 x 4) x x4 x 1 . 1
3. Sample answer: The first term is a1 2. Divide the second term by the first to find that the common ratio is r 6. Therefore, the nth term of the series is given by 2 6n 1. There are five terms, so the series can be
5
4. 732
written as a 2 6n
n 1
. 6. 81,915 8. 10.
1330 9 31 4
5. 39,063 7. 165 9. 129 11.

1093 9
12. 3 14. 93 in. or 7 ft 9 in. 16. 765 18. 300

295
13. 3 15. 728 17. 1111

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
19. 244 21. 2101 23.

728 3
20. 1,328,600 22. 1441 24.

215 4
25. 1040.984 27. 6564 29. 1,747,625 31. 3641 33.

5461 16
26. 7.96875 28. 118,096 30. $10,737,418.23 32. 206,668 34. 36. 38.
182 9
35. 2555 37.

387 4
364
58,975 256
39. 3,145,725 41. 243 43. 2 45. 80 47. about 7.13 in.
40. 86,093,440 42. 1024 44. 6 46. 8 48. If the first term and common ratio of a geometric series are integers, then all the terms of the series are integers. Therefore, the sum of the series is an integer. 50. A
49. If the number of people that each person sends the joke to is constant, then the total number of people who have seen the joke is the sum of a geometric series. Answers should include the following. The common ratio would change from 3 to 4. Increase the number of days the joke circulates so that it is inconvenient to find and add all the terms of the series.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
296
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
51. C 53. 3.99987793 55.

1 3 , , 4 2
52.
1,048,575
9 , 2 27 , 4 81 8
54. 6.24999936 56. 3,
57. 232 59. Drive-In Movie Screens

1000 Screens 900 800 700 600 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Years Since 1995 6
58. 192 60. Sample answer using (1, 826) and (3, 750): y 38x 864
61. Sample answer: 294 63. 2 65.

2 3
62. 2 64. 66.

1 4
67. 0.6
Lesson 11-5
1. Sample answer:
Infinite Geometric Series Pages 602604

n
1 a b a 2 n 1
2. 0.999999 . . . can be written as the infinite geometric 9 9 9 p. series

10 100 1000
The first term of this series is

9 and the common ratio is 10 9 1 10 , so the sum is 1 or 1. 10 1 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
297
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
3. Beth; the common ratio for the infinite geometric series is

4 . 3
4. 108
Since `
4 ` 3
1, the
series does not have a sum a1 and the formula S 1 r does not apply. 5. does not exist 7.
3 4
6. does not exist 8. 10. 12.

30 7 5 9 175 999
9. 100 11.
73 99
13. 96 cm 15. does not exist 17. 45 19. 21. 16

54 5
14. 14 16. 7.5 18. 64 20. does not exist 22. 3 24. 1 26. 7.5 28. 144 34. 80 40 22 or about 136.6 cm 30. 6 32. 30 ft 36. 27, 18, 12 38. 24, 16 , 11 , 7 1 ,
7 25 64 125 1 2 11 32 409 512
23. does not exist 25. 1 27. 29.

2 3 3 2
31. 2 33. 40 2022 20 p
35. 900 ft 37. 75, 30, 12 39. 8, 3 ,

1 5
40.
7 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
298
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
41. 43. 45. 47.
1 9 82 99 427 999 229 990
42. 44. 46. 48.
4 11 82 333 5 11
S a1 a1r a1r 0 a1r 2 a1r 0
2
a1r 3 a1r 0
3
p a1r 4 0 p p
( )rS S rS S(1 r ) S
a1 a1 a1 1 r
49. The total distance that a ball bounces, both up and down, can be found by adding the sums of two infinite geometric series. Answers should include the following. an a1 r n 1, Sn
a1(1 1 r n) , r
50. D
or S
a1 1 r
The total distance the ball falls is given by the infinite geometric series 3 3(0.6) 3(0.6)2 p . The sum of this series is 3 or 7.5. The total
1 0.6
distance the ball bounces up is given by the infinite geometric series 3(0.6) 3(0.6)2 3(0.6)3 p. The sum of this series is or 4.5. Thus, the total distance the ball travels is 7.5 4.5 or 12 feet. 51. C 53.
8744 81 3(0.6) 1 0.6
52.
182
54. 32.768% 56.

299
55. 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3 2
57. x 59.
(x
5
x 7 3)(x 1)
58. 60. 4)2 36
2a 5b 2 a b 3x 7 (x 4)(x 2)
61. (x 63.
2)2
(y
62. (x 64.
1 , 2
3)2
1 , 3
(y 0,
1 2
1)2
32
1 3 7 , , 2 2 2
65. x 2 67. x 2
36 10x
0 24 0
66. x 2
9x
14
68. about year 70. 2 72. 2 74. 4
180,724 visitors per
69. The number of visitors was decreasing. 71. 3 73. 75.

1 2
Lesson 11-6
1. an an d; an
Recursion and Special Sequences Pages 608610

r an
1
2. Sample answer: an 2an 1 an 4. 12, 9, 6, 3, 0
3. Sometimes; if f(x) x 2 and x1 2, then x2 22 or 4, so x2 x1. But, if x1 1, then x2 1, so x2 x1. 5. 3, 2, 0, 3, 7 1 1.05bn 1,

1
6. 0,
4, 4,
12, 20
7. 1, 2, 5, 14, 41 9. 1, 3, 11. bn 13. 6, 15. 2, 1, 19. 10 8
8. 5, 11, 29 10. 3, 11, 123 12. $1172.41 14. 13, 18, 23, 28, 33 16. 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 18. 4, 6, 12, 30, 84 20. 4,
300
3, 0, 3, 6 4,
17. 9, 14, 24, 44, 84 1, 5, 4, 9, 13
3, 5,
1, 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
21.
7 7 7 7 7 , , , , 2 4 6 8 10
22. 24. $99,841.95, $99,681.99, $99,520.11, $99,356.28
3 3 15 25 425 , , , , 4 2 4 2 8
23. 67 25. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, . . . 27. $99,921.21, $99,762.21, $99,601.29, $99,438.44, 29. tn 33. 35. 37. 7, tn
1
2.1
26. the Fibonacci sequence 28. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15
n 43
30. 20,100 32. 5, 17, 65 34. 36. 38. 4, 1, 19, 1, 94 1
31. 16, 142, 1276 16, 3, 13, 333

5 37 1445 , , 2 2 2
4 10 76 , , 3 3 3
39. $75.77
40. No; according to the first two iterates, f(4) 4. According to the second and third iterates, f(4) 7. Since f(x) is a function, it cannot have two values when x 4. 42. D
41. Under certain conditions, the Fibonacci sequence can be used to model the number of shoots on a plant. Answers should include the following. The 13th term of the sequence is 233, so there are 233 shoots on the plant during the 13th month. The Fibonacci sequence is not arithmetic because the differences (0, 1, 1, 2, . . .) of the terms are not constant. The Fibonacci sequence is not geometric because the ratios 3 Q1, 2, , . . .R of the terms
2
are not constant.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
301
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
43. C 45. 47.

1 6
44. 27 46. 5208 7 units 48.

12 5 1093 243
49. 3x 51. 5040 53. 20 55. 210
50. 120 52. 6 54. 126
Lesson 11-7 The Binomial Theorem Pages 615617

1. 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1 3. Sample answer: (5x 5. 17,160 7. p5 5p4q 10p3q 2 10p 2q 3 5pq 4 q 5 9. x 4 12x 3y 54x 2y 2 108xy 3 81y 4 11. 1,088,640a6b4 13. 362,880 15. 72 17. 495 19. a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b3 y)4 2. n 4. 40,320 6. 66 8. t 6
12t 5 60t 4 160t 240t 2 192t
3
64
10. 56a5b3 12. 10 14. 6,227,020,800 16. 210 18. 2002 20. m4 4m 3n 4mn3 n4 6m 2n 2
21. r 8 8r 7s 28r 6s 2 56r 5s 3 70r 4s 4 56r 3s 5 28r 2s 6 8rs 7 23. x 5 15x 4 90x 3 270x 2 405x 243
22. m 5 5m 4a 10m 3a 2 10m 2a 3 5ma 4 a 5 s8 24. a4 8a3 24a2 32a 16
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
302
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
25. 16b4 32b3x 24b 2x 2 8bx 3 27. 243x 5

a5 32 5a4 8
x4 1080x 3y 2 32y 5
810x 4y
720x 2y 3 29.
240xy 4 5a3 32 36x
26. 64a6 192a5b 240a4b 2 160a3b3 60a2b4 12ab5 b6 28. 81x 4 216x 3y 216x 2y 2 96xy 3 16y 4 30. 243
10m 3 3
135m
5m 4 27
30m 2
m5 243
20a2 31. 27x 3 33. 45
40a 54x 2
8 cm3
32. 1, 4, 6, 4, 1 34. 126x 4y 5 36. 280x 4 38. 1,088,640a6b4 40. 42.

35 4 x 27
35. 924x 6y 6 37. 5670a4 39. 145,152x 6y 3 41.

63 5 x 8
and 7th entries in the row for n 12 in Pascals triangle. 13! represents the seventh
7!6!
12! 7!5!
and
12! 6!6!
represent the 6th
entry in the row for n 13. 13! 12! Since is below and
7!6! 7!5! 12! 6!6! 12! 7!5!
in Pascals triangle,
12! 6!6! 13! . 7!6!
43. The coefficients in a binomial expansion give the numbers of sequences of births resulting in given numbers of boys and girls. Answers should include the following. (b g)5 b5 5b4g 10b 3g 2 10b 2g 3 5bg 4 g 5;
44. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
303
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
There is one sequence of births with all 5 boys, five sequences with 4 boys and 1 girl, ten sequences with 3 boys and 2 girls, ten sequences with 2 boys and 3 girls, five sequences with 1 boy and 4 girls, and one sequence with all 5 girls. The number of sequences of births that have exactly k girls in a family of n children is the coefficient of bn kgk in the expansion of (b g)n. According to the Binomial Theorem, this n! . coefficient is
(n k)!k!
45. C 47. 3, 5, 9, 17, 33 49. 51.

log 5 ; log 2 log 8 ; log 5
46. 7, 5, 3, 1, 48. 125 cm 50.

1 ; log 3
2.3219 1.2920 4, x 1
2.0959 2, x 3
52. asymptotes: x 54. hole: x 56. parabola 58. no 3
53. asymptotes: x 55. hyperbola 57. yes 59. True;

1(1 2 1)
1(2) 2
or 1.
60. False;
2(3) 2
(1
1)(2 1 2
1)
or 3. 1 2, which is
61. True;
12(1 4
1)2
1(4) 4
or 1.
62. True; 31 even.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
304
Algebra 2
Chapter 11

1. 1,328,600 3. 24 5. 1, 5, 13, 29, 61 7. 5, 13, 41 2. 4. 364
25 4
6. 2, 4, 8, 14, 22 8. 243x 5 405x 4y 90x 2y 3 15xy 4 10. 4032a5b4 64 270x 3y 2 y5
9. a6 12a5 60a4 160a3 240a 2 192a
Lesson 118
Proof and Mathematical Induction Pages 619621

2. Mathematical induction is used to show that a statement is true. A counter example is used to show that a statement is false. 4. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 1. The right side is or 2 1, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 1 2 3 p k
k(k 2 1)
1. Sample answers: formulas for the sums of powers of the first n positive integers and statements that expressions involving exponents of n are divisible by certain numbers 3. Sample answer: 3n 1
1(1
1)
for
some positive integer k. Step 3: 1 2 3 p k 1k 12

k(k k(k (k 1) 1) 1) 2
(k
2(k 2 (k 2 2)
1)
1)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
305
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. p Therefore, 1 2 3 n 5. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is
1 . 2 1 , 2
n(n 2 1)
for all
positive integers n. 6. Step 1: 41 1 3, which is divisible by 3. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 4k 1 is divisible by 3 for some positive integer k. This means that 4k 1 3r for some whole number r. Step 3: 4k 1 3r 4k 3r 1 4k 1 12r 4 4k 1 1 12r 3 4k 1 1 314r 12 Since r is a whole number, 4r 1 is a whole number. Thus, 4k 1 1 is divisible by 3, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 4n 1 is divisible by 3 for all positive integers n.
The right side is 1
1 2
or
so the equation is true for 1.

1 2 1 2k 1 22 1 2k 1 2 1 23 1 22 p 1 2k 1 2
1 k 1
n
1 23
Step 2: Assume
p
for some
positive integer k. Step 3:
1 2
k 1
1 1 1
1 2k 2 k 2 1 k 2
1 2
k 1
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore, 1
1 2n 1 2 1 22 1 23 p 1 2n
for all positive
integers n.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
306
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
7. Step 1: 51 3 8, which is divisible by 4. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 5k 3 is divisible by 4 for some positive integer k. This means that 5k 3 4r for some positive integer r. Step 3: 5k 3 4r 5k 4r 3 5k 1 20r 15 5k 1 3 20r 12 5k 1 3 415r 32 Since r is a positive integer, 5r 3 is a positive integer. Thus, 5k 1 3 is divisible by 4, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 5n 3 is divisible by 4 for all positive integers n. 9. Sample answer: n 3
8. Sample answer: n
10. Step 1: After the first guest has arrived, no handshakes have taken place.
1(1 2 1)
0,
so the formula is correct for n 1. Step 2: Assume that after k guests have arrived, a total of
k(k 2 1)
handshakes have
take place, for some positive integer k. Step 3: When the (k 1)st guest arrives, he or she shakes hands with the k guests already there, so the total number of handshakes that have then taken place is
k(k 2 1)
k.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
307
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
k(k 2
1)
k(k k [(k k (k 2
1) 2 1) 2 1)
2k 2] or (k 2 1)k
The last expression is the formula to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the formula is true for n k 1. Therefore, the total number of handshakes is 11. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 1. The right side is 1[2(1) 1] or 1, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 1 5 9 p (4k 3) k (2k 1) for some positive integer k. p Step 3: 1 5 9 (4k 3) [4(k 1) 3] k (2k 1) [4(k 1) 3] 2k 2 k 4k 4 3 2k 2 3k 1 (k 1)(2k 1) (k 1)[2(k 1) 1] The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore, 1 5 9 p (4n 3) n(2n 1) for all positive integers n.
n(n 2 1)
for
all positive integers n. 12. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 2. The right side is 2 or 2, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 2 5 8 p (3k 1)
k(3k 1) 2 1[3(1) 1]
for some positive integer k. p Step 3: 2 5 8 (3k 1) [3(k 1) 1]

k(3k 1) 2 k(3k 1) 3k 2 3k 2 (k (k k
[3(k
2[3(k 2 6k 6 2
1)
1) 2 1]
1]
7k 4 2 1)(3k 4) 2 1)[3(k 1) 2
1]
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
308
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore, 2 5 8 p (3n 1) for all 2 positive integers n. 13. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 13 or 1. The right side is or 1, so the 4 equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 13 23 33 p k3
k 2 1k 12 2 4 12(1 1)2 n(3n 1)
14. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 12 or 1. The right side is
1[2(1) 1][2(1) 3 1]
or 1, so
for
some positive integer k. Step 3: 13 2 3 33 p k 3 (k 1)3

k 2(k 4 1)2
the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 12 32 52 p (2k 1)2

k (2k 1)(2k 3 1)
for some
(k
4(k 4 4(k 4 4k
1)
1)3
k 2(k (k (k (k (k
1)2 1)2[k 2 1) (k
2 2
positive integer k. Step 3: 12 32 52 p 2 (2k 1) [2(k 1)

k(2k 1)(2k 3 1)
1]2
1)] 4)
[2(k
k(2k (2k
1)
1)(2k
1]2
4 1)2(k 2)2 4 2 1) [(k 1) 4
1]2
(2k (2k (2k (k
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1.
1) 3(2k 1)2 3 1)[k (2k 1) 3(2k 1)] 3 2 k 6k 3) 1)(2k 3 2 5k 3) 1)(2k 3 1)(k 1)(2k 3) 3 1)[2(k 1) 1][2(k 1) 1] 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
309
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
Therefore, 13 n3
n (n 4
2
23
2
33
1)
for all
positive integers n.
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore, 12 32 52 p (2n 1)2
n(2n 1)(2n 3 1)
for all positive integers n. 15. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is
1 1 . The right side is a1 2 3 1 or , so the equation is 3 1 b 3
16. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is

1 . 4
The right side is a1

1 3
1 b 4
true
1 32
or , so the equation is true for n 1. 1 Step 2: Assume

1 43 1 42
1 b 4k
1 4
for n 1. 1 Step 2: Assume p

1 3k 1 3
1
1 a1 2 1 32
3 1 b 3k
1 33
1 32
for some
p
1 4
1
1 4k
1 42
4 1 a1 3
1 43
positive integer k. Step 3:

1 3k 1 3k 1 1 1 a2 kb k 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 k k 1 2 2 3 3 3k 1 3 2 k 1 2 3 3k 1 1 k 1 2 3 1 3k 1 1 a b k 1 2 3 1 a1 2 1 3k
1b
for some positive integer k. p Step 3:

1 4k 1 4
k
1 1 1 a1 kb k 3 4 4 1 1 1 k k 3 3 4 4 4k 1 4 3 3 4k 1 4k 1 1 k 1 3 4 1 4k 1 1 a b k 1 3 4 1 a1 3 1 4
k 1b
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
310
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore,
1 a1 2
1 1 3 32 1 b for 3n
1 33
1 3n
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. 1 1 1 1 p Therefore, n 2 3
4 4 4
all positive
1 a1 3
1 b 4n
for all positive
integers n. 17. Step 1: 81 1 7, which is divisible by 7. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 8k 1 is divisible by 7 for some positive integer k. This means that 8k 1 7r for some whole number r. Step 3: 8k 1 7r 8k 7r 1 8k 1 56r 8 8k 1 1 56r 7 8k 1 1 7(8r 1) Since r is a whole number, 8r 1 is a whole number. Thus, 8k 1 1 is divisible by 7, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 8n 1 is divisible by 7 for all positive integers n. 19. Step 1: 121 10 22, which is divisible by 11. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 12k 10 is divisible by 11 for some positive integer k. This means that 12k 10 11r for some positive integer r.
integers n. 18. Step 1: 91 1 8, which is divisible by 8. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 9k 1 is divisible by 8 for some positive integer k. This means that 9k 1 8r for some whole number r. Step 3: 9k 1 8r 9k 8r 1 9k 1 72r 9 9k 1 1 72r 8 9k 1 1 8(9r 1) Since r is a whole number, 9r 1 is a whole number. Thus, 9k 1 1 is divisible by 8, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 9n 1 is divisible by 8 for all positive integers n. 20. Step 1: 131 11 24, which is divisible by 12. The statement is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that 13k 11 is divisible by 12 for some positive integer k. This means that 13k 11 12r for some positive integer r.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
311
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
Step 3: 12k 10 11r 12k 11r 10 12k 1 132r 120 12k 1 10 132r 110 12k 1 10 11(12r 10) Since r is a positive integer, 12r 10 is a positive integer. Thus, 12k 1 10 is divisible by 11, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 12n 10 is divisible by 11 for all positive integers n. 21. Step 1: There are 6 bricks in the top row, and 12 5(1) 6, so the formula is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume that there are k 2 5k bricks in the top k rows for some positive integer k. Step 3: Since each row has 2 more bricks than the one above, the numbers of bricks in the rows form an arithmetic sequence. The number of bricks in the (k 1)st row is 6 [(k 1) 1](2) or 2k 6. Then the number of bricks in the top k 1 rows is k 2 5k (2k 6) or k 2 7k 6. k 2 7k 6 (k 1)2 5(k 1), which is the formula to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the formula is true for n k 1.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Step 3: 13k 11 12r 13k 12r 11 13k 1 156r 143 13k 1 11 156r 132 13k 1 11 12(13r 11) Since r is a positive integer, 13r 11 is a positive integer. Thus, 13k 1 11 is divisible by 12, so the statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, 13n 11 is divisible by 12 for all positive integers n. 22. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 1 a1. The right side is a1(1 r ) or a1, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume a1 a1r a1r 2
a1(1 1 1 r
p
rk) r
a1r k
for some positive a1r a1r k

1
integer k. Step 3: a1 a1r 2

a1(1 1 a1(1
a1r k
r k) a1r k r rk) (1 r )a1r k 1 r k a1 a1r a1r k a1r k 1 r k 1) a1(1 r 1 r
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1.
312
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
Therefore, the number of bricks in the top n rows is n 2 5n for all positive integers n.
Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. Therefore, a1 a1r a1r 2 p a1r n 1 for all positive integers n.
a1(1 1 rn) r
23. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is a1. The right side is [2a1 (1 1)d ] or a1, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume a1 (a1 d ) (a1 2d 2 p [a1 (k 1)d ]
k [2a1 2 1 2
24. Step 1: The figure shows how to cover a 21 by 21 board, so the statement is true for n 1.
(k
1)d ] for
some positive integer k. Step 3: a1 (a1 d ) [a1 (a1 2d ) p (k 1)d ] [a1 (k 1 1)d ]
k [2a1 2
Step 2: Assume that a 2k by 2k board can be covered for some positive integer k.
(k (k (k kd
(k
1)d ] 1 1)d ] 1)d ]
[a1
k [2a1 2
a1
k [2a1
1)d ] 2(a1 kd ) 2 2 k 2a1 (k k)d 2a1 2kd 2 (k 1)2a1 (k 2 k 2k)d 2 (k 1)2a1 k(k 1)d 2 k 1 (2a1 kd ) 2 k 1 [2a1 (k 1 1)d ] 2
Step 3: Divide a 2k 1 by 2k 1 board into four quadrants. By the inductive hypothesis, the first quadrant can be covered. Rotate the design that covers Quadrant I 90 clockwise and use it to cover Quadrant II. Use the design that covers Quadrant I to cover Quadrant III.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
313
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
The last expression is the right side of the formula to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the formula is true for n k 1. Therefore, a1 (a1 d ) [a1 (a1 2d ) p (n 1)d ]
n [2a1 2
(n
1)d ]
for all positive integers n.
Rotate the design that covers Quadrant I 90 counterclockwise and use it to cover Quadrant IV. This leaves three empty squares near the center of the board, as shown. Use one more L-shaped tile to cover these 3 squares. Thus, a 2k 1 by 2k 1 board can be covered. The statement is true for n k 1. Therefore, a 2n by 2n checkerboard with the top right square missing can be covered for all positive integers n. 26. Sample answer: n 28. Sample answer: n 30. Sample answer: n 4 3 41
25. Sample answer: n 27. Sample answer: n 29. Sample answer: n
3 2 11
31. Write 7n as (6 1)n. Then use the Binomial Theorem. 7n 1 (6 1)n 1 6n 6

n 2
n 6n p n 6n
n(n 2
1)
n 6
1
1
1) 2
6n
n(n
6n 2 p n 6 Since each term in the last expression is divisible by 6, the whole expression is divisible by 6. Thus, 7n 1 is divisible by 6. 33. C 35. x 6 6x 5y 15x 4y 2 20x 3y 3 15x 2y 4 6xy 5 y6
32. An analogy can be made between mathematical induction and a ladder with the positive integers on the steps. Answers should include the following. Showing that the statement is true for n 1 (Step 1). Assuming that the statement is true for some positive integer k and showing that it is true for k 1 (Steps 2 and 3). 34. A 36. a7 7a6b 21a5b 2 35a4b3 35a3b4 21a 2b 5 7ab6 b7
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
314
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
37. 256x 8 1024x 7y 1792x 6y 2 1792x 5y 3 1120x 4y 4 448x 3y 5 112x 2y 6 16xy 7 y 8 39. 2, 14, 782 41. 0, 1
38. 4, 10, 28
40. 12 h 42. 14
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
315
Algebra 2
Chapter 11
Chapter 12 Probability and Statistics Lesson 12-1 The Counting Principle Pages 634637
1. HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT 3. The available colors for the car could be different from those for the truck. 5. dependent 7. 256 9. D 11. independent 13. dependent 15. 16 17. 30 19. 1024 21. 10,080 23. 362,880 25. 27,216 27. 800 2. Sample answer: buying a shirt that comes in 3 sizes and 6 colors 4. independent
6. 30 8. 20 10. dependent 12. independent 14. 6 16. 6 18. 48 20. 240 22. 151,200 24. 17 26. 160 28. See students work.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
316
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
29. The maximum number of license plates is a product with factors of 26s and 10s, depending on how many letters are used and how many digits are used. Answers should include the following. There are 26 choices for the first letter, 26 for the second, and 26 for the third. There are 10 choices for the first number, 10 for the second, and 10 for the third. By the Fundamental Counting Principle, there are 263 103 or 17,576,000 possible license plates. Replace positions containing numbers with letters. 31. C 33. 20 mi
30. A
32. 45 34. Step 1: When n 1, the left side of the given equation is 4. The right side is
1[3(1) 2 5]
or 4, so the equation is true for n 1. Step 2: Assume 4 7 10 p (3k 1)

k(3k 5) 2
for some positive integer k. Step 3: 4 7 10 p (3k 1) [3(k 1) 1]

k(3k 5) 2 k(3k 5) 3k 2 3k 2
[3(k
1)
1]
1]
2[3(k 1) 2 5k 6k 6 2 2 11k 8 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
317
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
(k (k
1)(3k 8) 2 1)[3(k 1) 2
5]
The last expression is the right side of the equation to be proved, where n k 1. Thus, the equation is true for n k 1. p Therefore, 4 7 10 (3n 35. 28x 6 y 2 37. 7 39. 41. 43. 45. y 47. y 49. 3 51.
1 1 B 7 4
1)
n(3n 2
5)
for all positive integers n. 36. 280a3b4 38. 5 40.

x x 5y
1 2
42. 36 mi 44. 0, 3)2 8 2 46. y 48. 4 50. 4 52.

1 B 6
1,
2 (x
1 2 x 2
2 2(x 1)2 4
1 R 3 53. no inverse exists 55. y

2 x 3 1 3
1 2
54. y
56. 60
5 R 4 2x 2
57. 30 59. 720 61. 15 63. 1
58. 840 60. 6 62. 56
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
318
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
Lesson 12-2
Permutations and Combinations Pages 641643

2. C (n, n
[n
1. Sample answer: There are six people in a contest. How many ways can the first, second, and third prizes be awarded?
r)
n! r )]!(n r )!
(n n! r !(n r )! n! (n r )!r !
C(n, r ) 3. Sometimes; the statement is only true when r 1. 5. 120 7. 6 9. permutation; 5040 11. 84 13. 9 15. 665,280 17. 70 19. 210 21. 1260 23. combination; 28 25. permutation; 120 27. permutation; 3360 29. combination; 455 31. 60 33. 111,540 35. 80,089,128 4. 60 6. 6 8. combination; 15 10. permutation; 90,720 12. 56 14. 2520 16. 10 18. 792 20. 27,720 22. permutation; 5040 24. permutation; 2520 26. combination; 220 28. combination; 45 30. 11,880 32. 75,287,520 34. 267,696 36. 528
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
319
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
37. C (n
(n
1,r )
C (n
1, r
1)
1)! (n 1 r )!r ! (n 1)! [n 1 (r 1)] !(r (n 1)! (n r 1 )!r ! (n (n (n (n (n (n (n (n 1)! r )! (r 1)! (n 1)! n r r 1)!r ! n r (n 1)! r r )!(r 1)! r 1)!(n r ) (n (n r )!r ! (n 1)!(n r r) (n r )!r !
1)!
1)!r r )!r !
38. Permutations and combinations can be used to find the number of different lineups. Answers should include the following. There are 9! different 9-person lineups available: 9 choices for the first player, 8 choices for the second player, 7 for the third player, and so on. So, there are 362,880 different lineups. There are C(16, 9) ways to choose 9 players from 16: C (16, 9) 11,440.
16! 7!9!
or
1)!n r )!r ! n! (n r )!r !
C(n, r ) 39. D 40. A 42. 6 44. 8 46. Sample answer: n 2 48. 1.0986
x2 16 y2 9
41. 24 43. 120 45. 80 47. Sample answer: n 49. x 0.8047 51. 20 days 53. 55.
(y 9 4)2 (x 4 4) 2
50. 21.0855 52. 1 54. 1
7 53 ; 2 2
4; 128
56. { 4, 4}
1 3
57. { 2, 5} 59. 822 61. 425

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
60. 0 x 3 0 y 3 23 58. e 3, f 62. ( 1, 3)
320
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
63. (0, 2) 65.

6 7
64. 66. 0 68. 70. 72.

1 2 1 3
4 3
67. { 7, 15} 69. 71.

3 5 1 5
Lesson 12-3 Probability Pages 647650

1. Sample answer: The event July comes before June has a probability of 0. The event June comes before July has a probability of 1. 3. There are 6 6 or 36 possible outcomes for the two dice. Only 1 outcome, 1 and 1, results in a sum of 2,
. There are 2 so P(2) 36 outcomes, 1 and 2 as well as 2 and 1, that result in a sum 2 1 of 3, so P(3) or . 36 18 1
2.
3 5
4.
1 7
5.
2 7
6.
4 7
7. 8:1 9. 2:7 11. 13.

10 11
8. 1:5 10. 12. 14.

6 11 2 7 3 8
1 8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
321
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
15. 17. 19. 21. 23. 25. 27.
1 10 2 25 6 55 28 55 11 115 6 115 24 115
16. 18. 20. 22. 24. 26. 28. 30.
21 50 1 50 21 55 14 575 7 115 132 575 6 115 1 22,957,480
29. 0 31. 0.007 33. 0.109 35. 3:5 37. 5:3 39. 1:4 41. 3:1 43. 45. 47. 49.
3 10 4 9 1 9 3 5
32. 0.623 34. 1:1 36. 11:1 38. 4:3 40. 4:7 42. 44. 46. 48. 50.
6 7 5 11 9 17 7 16 1 10
51. 2:23 53. 1:4
52. 1:999 54.

540 1771
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
322
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
55. 57. 59. 61.
1 20 9 20 9 20 1 120
56. 58. 60. 62.
9 20 1 20 9 20 1
63. Probability and odds are good tools for assessing risk. Answers should include the following. P(struck by lightning) 1 s , so
s f 750,000
64. C
odds 1:(750,000 1) or 1:749,999. P(surviving a lightning strike)

s s f 3 , 4
so odds
3:(4 3) or 3 :1. In this case, success is being struck by lightning or surviving the lightning strike. Failure is not being struck by lightning or not surviving the lightning strike. 65. D 67. experimental; about 0.307 69. theoretical;
1 17
66. theoretical;
1 36 1 5
68. experimental;
70. permutation; 120 72. combination; 35 74. 24 76. square root 78. (1, 3)
323
71. permutation; 1260 73. 16 75. direct variation 77. (4, 4)

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
79. 81. 83.
6 35 1 4 9 20
80. 82.
3 14 2 21

1. 24 3. 18,720 5. 56 7. combination; 20,358,520 9.
13 102
2. 756 4. 1320 6. permutation; 40,320 8. 10.

1 221 8 663
Lesson 12-4 Multiplying Probabilities Pages 654657

1. Sample answer: putting on your socks, and then your shoes 3. Mario; the probabilities of rolling a 4 and rolling a 2 are both . 5. 7. 9.
1 4 4 663 1 4 1 6
2. P(A, B, C, and D) P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D) 4.

1 36
6. 8. 10.
1 17 7 30 1 16
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
324
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
11. dependent; 13. 15. 17. 19. 21. 23.

1 12 25 36 1 6 5 6 1 49 10 21
21 220
12. independent; 14. 16. 18. 20. 22.

1 36 1 36 1 6 1 42 25 49
1 36
24. 0 26. 28.

1 15 1 10 3 28 168 4913 1 32
Second Spin R B
1 3 1 3
25. 0 27. 29.

2 15 2 15 25 81
30. dependent;
31. independent; 33. dependent; 35. dependent;
32. independent; 34. independent; 36.

1 9
First Spin R
P(R,B)
1 21 81 2401
or
1 9
Y R B Y R
B Y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
325
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
37.
First Spin Blue Yellow Red 1 1 1 3 3 3 Blue 1 3 Second Spin BB 1 9 BY 1 9 YY 1 9 RY 1 9 BR 1 9 YR 1 9 RR 1 9
38.
1 3
Yellow YB 1 1 3 9 Red 1 3 RB 1 9
39. 41. 43.
1 9 19 1,160,054 6327 20,825
40. 42.
1 635,013,559,600 1 158,753,389,900 99 4 b 100 1 1320
44. a 46.
or about 0.96
45. about 4.87% 47. no 49. Sample answer: As the number of trials increases, the results become more reliable. However, you cannot be absolutely certain that there are no black marbles in the bag without looking at all of the marbles. 51. Probability can be used to analyze the chances of a player making 0, 1, or 2 free throws when he or she goes to the foul line to shoot 2 free throws. Answers should include the following.
48. no 50. 21
52. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
326
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
One of the decimals in the table could be used as the value of p, the probability that a player makes a given free throw. The probability that a player misses both free throws is (1 p)(1 p) or (1 p) 2. The probability that a player makes both free throws is p p or p 2. Since the sum of the probabilities of all the possible outcomes is 1, the probability that a player makes exactly 1 of the 2 free throws is 1 (1 p) 2 p 2 or 2p (1 p). The result of the first free throw could affect the players confidence on the second free throw. For example, if the player makes the first free throw, the probability of making the second free throw might increase. Or, if the player misses the first free throw, the probability of making the second free throw might decrease. 53. C 55.
3 340
54. 56.
1 204 1 119
57. 1440 ways 59. 36
58. 6 60. x 2 4x 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
327
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
61. x, x
62.
x2
63.
64.
x2
x2
3x
65. 153 67. 0 b 0 69. (1, 2) 71. ( 2, 4) 73. 75.

5 6 11 12 5 12
66.
68. 5a 4 0 b 3 0 70. (13, 9) 72. 74.

2 3 5 4 1 6
76. 1
77. 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
328
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
Lesson 12-5 Adding Probabilities Pages 660663

1. Sample answer: mutually exclusive events: tossing a coin and rolling a die; inclusive events: drawing a 7 and a diamond from a standard deck of cards 2.
French and Algebra
French 150
400
Algebra 300
3. The events are not mutually exclusive, so the chance of rain is less than 100%. 5. 7. 9.
1 3 1 2 2 3 4 13
4.
1 3
6. 8.
1 3 5 6 2 13
10. mutually exclusive; 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 22.

7 9 13 16 1 6 37 42 105 143 84 143 32 39 1 2
11. inclusive; 13. 1 15. 17. 19. 21.

25 42 35 143 3 143 38 143
23. mutually exclusive; 25. inclusive;

21 34
24. inclusive;
26. mutually exclusive;
4 13
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
329
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
27. 29. 31. 33. 35. 37. 39. 41. 43. 45.
4 13 55 221 188 663 1 8 1 4 1 780 9 130 11 780 3 5 17 27
28. 30. 32. 34. 36. 38. 40. 42. 44. 46.
2 3 11 221 63 221 1 8 3 4 145 156 1 26 1 78 53 108 17 162
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
330
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
47. Subtracting P(A and B) from each side and adding P (A or B) to each side results in the equation P (A or B) P(A) P(B) P(A and B). This is the equation for the probability of inclusive events. If A and B are mutually exclusive, then P (A and B) 0, so the equation simplifies to P(A or B) P(A) P(B), which is the equation for the probability of mutually exclusive events. Therefore, the equation is correct in either case.
48. Probability can be used to estimate the percents of people who do the same things before going to bed. Answers should include the following. The events are inclusive because some people brush their teeth and set their alarm. Also, you know that the events are inclusive because the sum of the percents is not 100%. According to the information in the text and the table, P (read book)
38 and P (brush teeth) 100 81 . Since the events 100
are inclusive, P (read book and brush teeth) P (read book) P (brush teeth) P (read book and brush 38 81 teeth)
1200 2000 100 59 . 100 100
49. C 51. 53.

1 216 1 216
50. A 52. 54.

125 216 1 8
55. 4:1 57. 2:5 59. 254 61. ( 8, 63. (x 10) 1)2(x 1)(x 2 1)
56. 1:8 58. 5:3 60. 24 62. ( 12, 5) 3.81)

64. min: (0, 5); max: ( 1.33,

331
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
65. min: ( 0.42, 0.62); max: ( 1.58, 1.38)
66.
(0, 2), (2, 0), (0, 2); max: f(2, 0) 6; min: f (0, 2) 2 67.
y
68. d
12.79t
(1, 3), (1, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5); max: f(3, 5) 23; min: f (1, 1) 3 69. direct variation 71. 35.4, 34, no mode, 72 73. 63.75, 65, 50 and 65, 30 75. 12.98, 12.9, no mode, 4.7 70. 323.4, 298, no mode, 143 72. 3.6, 3.45, 2.1, 3.6 74. 79.83, 89, 89, 57
Lesson 12-6 Statistical Measures Pages 666670

1. Sample answer: {10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10} 3.
1 (x B n ia i 1
n
2. Sample answer: The variance of the set {0, 1} is 0.25 and the standard deviation is 0.5. 4. 40, 6.3 6. 424.3, 20.6
x )2
5. 8.2, 2.9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
332
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
7. $7300.50, $5335.25
8. The mean is more representative for the southwest central states because the data for the Pacific states contains the most extreme value, $10,650. 10. 1.6, 1.3 12. 4.8, 2.2 14. 569.4, 23.9 16. 43.6, 6.6 18. The mean and median both seem to represent the center of the data. 20. Mode; it is lower and is what most employees make. It reflects the most representative worker. 22. Mode; it is the least expensive price. 24. 2,290,403; 2,150,000; 2,000,000
9. 2500, 50 11. 3.1, 1.7 13. 37,691.2, 194.1 15. 82.9, 9.1 17. 114.5, 105, 23
19. Mean; it is highest.
21. $1047.88, $1049.50, $695 23. Mean or median; they are nearly equal and are more representative of the prices than the mode. 25. Mode; it is lowest. 27. 19.3 29. 19.5 31. 59.8, 7.7 33. 100%
26. Mean; it is highest. 28. 28.9 30. Washington; see students work. 32. 64% 34. Different scales are used on the vertical axes.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
333
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
35. Sample answer: The first graph might be used by a sales manager to show a salesperson that he or she does not deserve a big raise. It appears that sales are steady but not increasing fast enough to warrant a big raise. 37. A: 2.5, 2.5, 0.7, 0.8; B: 2.5, 2.5, 1.1, 1.0
36. Sample answer: The second graph might be shown by the company owner to a prospective buyer of the company. It looks like there is a dramatic rise in sales.
38. The first histogram is lower in the middle and higher on the ends, so it represents data that are more spread out. Since set B has the greater standard deviation, set B corresponds to the first histogram and set A corresponds to the second. 40. A
39. The statistic(s) that best represent a set of test scores depends on the distribution of the particular set of scores. Answers should include the following. mean, 73.9; median, 76.5; mode, 94 The mode is not representative at all because it is the highest score. The median is more representative than the mean because it is influenced less than the mean by the two very low scores of 34 and 19. 41. D 43. 1.9
42. 3 44. The mean deviations would be greater for the greater standard deviation and lower for the groups of data that have the smaller standard deviation.
334
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
45. inclusive; 47. 49.

1 169 13 204
4 13
46. mutually exclusive; 21062; 48. 50.

9 5 4 663 1 16
3 7
51. 10, 53. 17
92; 10,
52. 54.
3 2
55. 12 cm3 57. (1, 5) 59. 136 61. 380 63. 396
56. 1 4, 62 58. (3, 5) 60. 340 62. 475 64. 495

1. 3. 5. 7.
3 20 2 9 1 6 3 4
2. 4. 6.
1 6 1 4 2 3
8. 6.6, 2.6 10. 134.0, 11.6
9. 23.6, 4.9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
335
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
Lesson 12-7 The Normal Distribution Pages 673675

1. Sample answer: 2. The mean of the three graphs is the same, but the standard deviations are different. The first graph has the least standard deviation, the standard deviation of the middle graph is slightly greater, and the standard deviation of the last graph is greatest. 4. normally distributed
the use of cassettes since CDs were introduced 3. Since 99% of the data is within 3 standard deviations of the mean, 1% of the data is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean. By symmetry, half of this, or 0.5%, is more than 3 standard deviations above the mean. 5. 68% 7. 95% 9. 250 11. 81.5% 13. normally distributed
6. 13.5% 8. 6800 10. 1600 12. positively skewed 14. Negatively skewed; the histogram is high at the right and has a tail to the left. 16. 34% 18. 16% 20. 50% 22. 50% 24. 25 26. 652 28. If a large enough group of athletes is studied, some of the characteristics may be
336
15. 68% 17. 0.5% 19. 50% 21. 95% 23. 815 25. 16% 27. The mean would increase by 25; the standard deviation would not change; and the
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
graph would be translated 25 units to the right.
normally distributed; others may have skewed distributions. Answers should include the following.
10 8 Frequency 6 4 2 0 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Height (in.)
Since the histogram has two peaks, the data may not be normally distributed. This may be due to players who play certain positions tending to be of similar large sizes while players who play the other positions tend to be of similar smaller sizes. 29. A 31. 17.5, 4.2 33. 35. 37. 39.
1 , 4 2 13 4 13
30. D 32. 42.5, 6.5 34. 36.

4 13
5, 0, 1 1
y
50 2 1 O 50 100 1 2t
3, 2, 4 1
38. 1, 40.
216t 2
53
about 45 min 41. 0.76 h 43. 56c 5d 3

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
42. 21a 5b 2 44. 126x 5y 4

337
Lesson 12-8 Binomial Experiments Pages 678680

1. Sample answer: In a 5-card hand, what is the probability that at least 2 cards are hearts? 3a. Each trial has more than two possible outcomes. 3b. The number of trials is not fixed. 3c. The trials are not independent. 5. 7. 9.
1 8 1 28,561 27,648 28,561
2. RRRWW, RRWRW, RRWWR, RWRRW, RWRWR, RWWRR, WRRRW, WRRWR, WRWRR, WWRRR 4.
3 8
6. 8.
7 8 48 28,561
10. about 0.05 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 22. 24. 26.
1 16 3 8 5 16 3125 7776 625 648 243 1024 15 1024 459 512
11. about 0.37 13. 15. 17. 19. 21. 23. 25.
1 16 1 4 11 16 125 3888 23 648 1 1024 135 512
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
338
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
27. 29. 31.
53 512 105 512 319 512
28. 30.
105 512 319 512
32. about 0.02 34. 36.

560 2187 1 3 15 5 15 3 1 , , , , , , 64 32 64 16 64 32 64
33. about 0.44 35. about 0.32 37.

1 4
38. C (n, m)p m(1 40. 2
p)n
39. Getting a right answer and a wrong answer are the outcomes of a binomial experiment. The probability is far greater that guessing will result in a low grade than in a high grade. Answers should include the following. Use (r w)5 r 5 5r 4w 10r 3w 2 10r 2w 3 5rw 4 w 5 and the chart on page 676 to determine the probabilities of each combination of right and wrong. P(5 right): r 5 1 wrong): 10r 2w 3
15 1024
Pa b
1 5 4
1 1024
or about 0.098%; P (4 right, or about

45 512
1.5%; P (3 right, 2 wrong): 10 a b a b

1 3 3 2 4 4
or about 8.8%; P (3 wrong, 2 right): 10r 2w 3 10 a b a b

1 2 3 3 4 4
135 512
or about
26.4%; P (4 wrong, 1 right):
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
339
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
5r w 4 w5 41. B
5 a ba b
1 4
3 4 4
405 1024
or
about 39.6%; P (5 wrong):

3 5 a b 4 243 1024
or about 42. See students work. 44. 68% 46. 16% 48.
x
3 O
23.7%. 43. normal distribution 45. 10 47. Mean; it is highest.
49.
50.
y y
|5x |
x
O O
51. 0.1 53. 0.039 55. 0.041
52. 0.05 54. 0.027 56. 0.031
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
340
Algebra 2
Chapter 12
Lesson 12-9 Sampling and Error Pages 683685

1. Sample answer: If a sample is not random, the results of a survey may not be valid. 2. Sample answer for good sample: doing a random telephone poll to rate the mayors performance; sample answer for bad sample: conducting a survey on how much the average person reads at a bookstore 4. Yes; last digits of social security numbers are random.
3. The margin of sampling error decreases when the size of the sample n increases. As n p (1 p) increases, decreases.
n
5. No; these students probably study more than average. 7. about 4% 9. The probability is 0.95 that the percent of Americans ages 12 and older who listen to the radio every day is between 72% and 82%. 11. No; you would tend to point toward the middle of the page. 13. Yes; a wide variety of people would be called since almost everyone has a phone.
6. about 9% 8. about 4% 10. about 283
12. Yes; all seniors would have the same chance of being selected. 14. No; freshmen are more likely than older students to be still growing, so a sample of freshmen would not give representative heights for the whole school. 16. about 4% 18. about 3% 20. about 2% 22. about 2% 24. about 2%
341
15. about 8% 17. about 4% 19. about 3% 21. about 4% 23. about 3%
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
25. about 2% 27. about 983 29. A political candidate can use the statistics from an opinion poll to analyze his or her standing and to help plan the rest of the campaign. Answers should include the following. The candidate could decide to skip areas where he or she is way ahead or way behind, and concentrate on areas where the polls indicate the race is close. about 3.5% The margin of error indicates that with a probability of 0.95 the percent of the Florida population that favored Bush was between 43.5% and 50.5%. The margin of error for Gore was also about 3.5%, so with probability 0.95 the percent that favored Gore was between 40.5% and 47.5%. Therefore, it was possible that the percent of the Florida population that favored Bush was less than the percent that favored Gore. 31. C 33.
5 32
26. about 3% 28. 36 or 64 30. A
32. 34.
1 32 1 2
35. 95% 37. 97.5%

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
36. 210 38. x

342
2, x
3
Chapter 13 Trigonometry Lesson 13-1 Right Triangle Trigonometry Pages 706708

1. Trigonometry is the study of the relationships between the angles and sides of a right triangle. 3. Given only the measures of the angles of a right triangle, you cannot find the measures of its sides.
285 ; 6 11 ; 6 285 ; 11 11 285 ; 85 6 ; 11
2.
hypotenuse adjacent
opposite
4. sin tan sec 6. sin tan sec 8. tan x 10. A 12. c 14. B 16. sin tan sec
8 ; cos 17 8 ; csc 15 17 ; cot 15 5 ; 6 5 211 ; 11 6 211 ; 11 15 ; 21
5. sin tan sec 7. cos 23 9. B 11. a
cos csc
cot x 6, c
6 285 85
cos
211 ; 6
15 ; 17 17 ; 8 15 8
csc cot 36
6 ; 5
211 5
32 ; x
34.8
2105 ; 11
45 , a 16.6, A
4 ; 11
8.5
34 , a 19.1, A
8.9, b 47 , B
4 ; 5 5 ; 3 4 3
13.3 43
67 , B
23
13. 1660 ft 15. sin tan sec
4 2105 ; csc 105
cos
11 ; 4
112105 ; 105
cot
2105 4
3 ; cos 5 3 ; csc 4 5 ; cot 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
343
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
17. sin tan sec
27 ; 4
27 ; 3 4 ; 3
cos csc
19. sin tan sec 21. tan 30 23. sin 54 25. cos x 27a. sin 30 sin 30 sin 30 27b. cos 30 cos 30 cos 30
25 ; cos 5 1 ; csc 2 25 ; 2
cot
3 27 7
3 ; 4
4 27 ; 7
18. sin cos csc sec 20. sin tan sec 22. cos 60
9 2106 ; 106 2106 ; 9 2106 ; 5
5 2106 ; 106
tan
9 ; 5
25; 2 5.8
2 25 ; 5
215 ; 8
215 ; 7 8 ; 7
cot
cos csc
cot x x
cot
3 , x
7 215 15
8 215 ; 15 7 ; 8
5 9
x , 10
6 x 47
sine ratio Replace opp with x and hyp with 12x.
17.8 , x 15 , 36
22.0 65
24. tan 17.5 26. sin x 28a. sin 45 sin 45 sin 45 sin 45 28b. cos 45 cos 45 cos 45 cos 45
16 , 22
x ; 23.7
7.5
opp hyp x 2x
sine ratio Replace opp with x and hyp with 2x.
opp hyp x 12x 1 12 12 2 adj hyp 1 12 12 2
1 Simplify. 2 adj cosine ratio hyp 23x Replace adj with 13x and 2x hyp with 2x. 23 2
Simplify.
Simplify. Rationalize the denominator. Replace adj with x and hyp with 12x. cosine ratio Simplify. Rationalize the denominator.
x 12x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
344
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
27c. sin 60 sin 60 sin 60 29. B 31. B 33. A 35. A 37. A 39. A c
opp hyp
23x 2x 23 2
Replace opp with 13x and hyp with 2x. sine ratio Simplify.
28c. tan 45 tan 45 tan 45
opp adj x x
tangent ratio Replace opp with x and adj with x. Simplify.
74 , a 56 , b 60 , a 72 , b 63 , B 49 , B 10.6
3.9, b 14.8, c 19.1, c 1.3, c 27 , a 41 , a
13.5 17.9 22 4.1 11.5 8,
30. A 32. A 34. B 36. B 38. A 40. A c
63 , a 75 , a 45 , a 80 , a 26 , B 19 , B 15
13.7, c 24.1, b 7, b 2.6, c 64 , b 71 , b 7
15.4 6.5 15.2 8.1 14.1,
41. about 300 ft 43. about 6 45. 93.54 units2 47. The sine and cosine ratios of acute angles of right triangles each have the longest measure of the triangle, the hypotenuse, as their denominator. A fraction whose denominator is greater than its numerator is less than 1. The tangent ratio of an acute angle of a right triangle does not involve the measure of the hypotenuse, If the measure of the opposite side is greater than the measure of the adjacent side, the tangent ratio is greater than 1. If the measure of the opposite side is less than the measure of the adjacent side, the tangent ratio is less than 1.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
42. about 142.8 ft 44. about 3.2 in. 46. about 1.72 km high 48. When construction involves right triangles, including building ramps, designing buildings, or surveying land before building, trigonometry is likely to be used. Answers should include the following. If you view the ramp from the side then the vertical rise is opposite the angle that the ramp makes with the horizontal. Similarly, the horizontal run is the adjacent side. So the tangent of the angle is the ratio of the rise to the run or the slope of the ramp. Given the ratio of the slope of ramp, you can find the angle of inclination by calculating tan1 of this ratio.
345
opp . adj
49. C 51. No; band members may be more likely to like the same kinds of music. 3 53. 8 15 55. 16 57. { 2, 1, 0, 1, 2} 59. 20 qt 61. 12 m2
50. 7.7 52. Yes; this sample is random since different kinds of people go to the post office. 1 54. 16 56. { 222, 2i 22} 58. {121} 60. 35,904 ft 62. 48 L
Lesson 13-2
1. reals
Angles and Angle Measure Pages 712715

2. In a circle of radius r units, one radian is the measure of an angle whose rays intercept an arc length of r units.
3.
290 O
4.
y 70
x 70
5.
300 O
6.
y 570
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
346
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
7.
8.
13 18
45
9.
18
10. 12.
97 36
11. 135 13. 1140 15. 785 , 17. 21 h 19.

235 O x y
30 300
5 3 7 3
14. 420 , 295 16. ,
18. 2 h 20.
270 O x y
21.
22.
O 790
x 380
23.
24.
O 150
O 50
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
347
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
25.
26.
O
2 3
27. 29. 31. 33.
2 3 12 11 3 79 90
28. 30. 32. 34.
3 5 4 19 6 13 9
35. 150 37. 45

1620
36. 495 38. 60

540
39. 1305 41. 515.7 135 375

5 4 13 4
40. 510 42. 171.9 330 500 320

5 6 8 3
43. Sample answer: 585 , 45. Sample answer: 345 , 47. Sample answer: 8 , 49. Sample answer: 51. Sample answer: 53. Sample answer:
11 4 3 4 13 2
44. Sample answer: 390 , 46. Sample answer: 220 , 48. Sample answer: 400 , 50. Sample answer: 52. Sample answer: 54. Sample answer: 56. 209.4 in2 58. number 17 60a. a 2 60b. b 2 60c. b 2
348
352 ,
19 6 4 3 25 4
, , ,
, ,
3 2
7 4
55. 2689 per second; 47 radians per second 57. about 188.5 m2 59. about 640.88 in2
( b)2 a 2 b 2 1 a2 a2 b2 1 ( a)2 a 2 b 2 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
61. Student answers should include the following. An angle with a measure of more than 180 gives an indication of motion in a circular path that ended at a point more than halfway around the circle from where it started. Negative angles convey the same meaning as positive angles, but in an opposite direction. The standard convention is that negative angles represent rotations in a clockwise direction. Rates over 360 per minute indicate that an object is rotating or revolving more than one revolution per minute. 63. D 65. A 67. c 22 , a 0.8, A 5.9, c 30 , B 15.9 60
62. C
64. a 66. A
3.4, c 35 , a
6.0, B 9.2, b
56 13.1
68. about 8.98% 70. permutation, 17,100,720 72. [g h](x) [h g](x)

2 23 3 2 26 3 214 2
69. about 7.07% 71. combination, 35 73. [g h](x) [h g](x)

3 25 5 210 2 210 4
6x 6x
8, 4
4x 2 8x 2
6x 23, 34x 44
74. 1041.8 76.
75. 1418.2 or about 1418; the number of sports radio stations in 2008 77. 79. 81.
78. 80.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
349
Algebra 2
Chapter 13

1. A 3. 42 , a
y
13.3, c
17.9
2. A 4. sin cos
59 , B
10 2149 ; 149 7 2149 ; 149 2149 ; 7
31 , b
10.8
2149 ; 10 7 10
O 60
tan sec
10 ; 7
csc cot
5.
19 18
6. 8. 415 10.
5 2
7. 210 9. 305 ;
396
5 3
Lesson 13-3 Trigonometric Functions of General Angles Pages 722724

1. False; sec 0 tan 0
0 r r r
or 1 and
2. Sample answer: 190
or 0. 4. sin tan sec

8 , cos 17 8 , csc 15 17 , cot 15 15 , 17 17 , 8 15 8
3. To find the value of a trigonometric function of , where is greater than 90 , find the value of the trigonometric function for , then use the quadrant in which the terminal side of lies to determine the sign of the trigonometric function value of .
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
350
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
5. sin tan sec
0, cos 0, csc 1, cot
1, undefined, undefined
6. sin tan sec
22 , 2
1, csc
y
22, cot cos
22, 1
22 , 2
7. 55
235
8.
4
7 4
O '
'
9. 60
' O 240
10.
23 2
11. 13.
2 23 3
12.
23
14. sin
26 , 3 23 , 3
23 , 2
csc cot
2 23 , 3 23 3
tan sec
23, 2,
15. sin tan sec 17. sin tan sec
23
24 , 25 24 , 7 25 , 7
22, cos cos
26 , 2
16. about 12.4 ft

25 , cos 5 1 , csc 2 25 , 5 2 25 , 5
cos csc cot
7 , 25 25 , 24 7 24
18. sin tan sin
25, 2,
cos
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
351
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
19. cos cos tan sec 21. sin tan csc sec 23. sin tan sec
8 289 , 89 5 289 , 89 289 , 5 8 , 5
csc cot
289 , 8 5 8 22 , 2
20. sin tan sec
3 , cos 5 3 , csc 4 5 , 4
4 , 5 5 , 3 4 3
cot
1, cos 0, undefined, 1, undefined, cot 22, cot 1, csc

22 , 2
cos
22, 1
22. sin tan sec cot 24. sin tan sec
0, cos 1, 0, csc undefined, 1, undefined 22, csc

26 , 3
23, cot cos

y
26 , 2 22 2
23 , 3
25. 45
315 O
26. 60
240 ' x '
27. 30
' O 210
28. 55
x
125
'
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
352
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
29.
4
5 4
30.
6
5 6
' '
O
31.
7
13 7
32.
'
x '
O
2 3
33. 35.
23 2
39. 23
23 2
23
34. 36. 38. 40.
37. undefined
1 2
22 2
23
41. undefined 43.
42. 2 44. 1
226 , 26 5 226 , 26
45. 0.2, 0, 0.2, 0, 0.2, 0, and 0.2; or about 11.5 , 0 , 11.5 , 0 , 11.5 , 0 , and 11.5 47. sin csc cot
4 , tan 5 5 , sec 4 3 4 4 , 3 5 , 3
46. 6092.5 ft 226, sec cos 5
48. sin csc cot
226 , 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
353
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
49. cos csc cot 51. sin cos csc
2 22 , 3
tan
3, sec
3 210 , 10
3 22 , 4
22 , 4
50. sin cos csc 52. sin
2 25 , 5 25 , 5 25 , 2
tan sec
222
210 , 3
210 , 10
1 , 5
tan cot
3,
1 3
tan cot
26 , 12
cos sec
2 26 , 5
2,
5 26 , 12
25
226
53. about 173.2 ft 55. 9 meters 57. II 59. Answers should include the following. The cosine of any angle is x defined as , where x is r the x-coordinate of any point on the terminal ray of the angle and r is the distance from the origin to that point. This means that for angles with terminal sides to the left of the y-axis, the cosine is negative, and those with terminal sides to the right of the y-axis, the cosine is positive. Therefore, the cosine function can be used to model real-world data that oscillate between being positive and negative.
54. 45 ; 2 45 or 90 yields the greatest value for sin 2 . 56. I, II 58. III 60. C
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
354
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
If we knew the length of the cable we could find the vertical distance from the top of the tower to the rider. Then if we knew the height of the tower we could subtract from it the vertical distance calculated previously. This will leave the height of the rider from the ground. 61. a ,
5 2 5 23 b 2
62. 64.
2 900
63. 300 65. sin 28 67. sin x 69. (7, 2) 71. (5, 73. 15.1 75. 32.9 77. 39.6 4)
x , 12 5 , 13
286.5
x , 83
5.6
66. cos 43 68. 635 70. ( 4, 3) 72. 4.7 74. 2.7 76. 20.6
60.7
23
Lesson 13-4 Law of Sines Pages 729732

1. Sometimes; only when A is acute, a b sin A, or a b and when A is obtuse, a b. 2. Sample answer: A 42 , a 2.6 cm, b 3.2 cm
C
3.2 cm 2.6 cm
3.9 cm
B C
3.2 cm 2.6 cm
A
0.9 cm
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
B
355
3. Gabe; the information given is of two sides and an angle, but the angle is not between the two sides, therefore the area formula involving sine cannot be used. 5. 6.4 cm2 7. B 80 , a 32.0, b 32.6 9. no solution
4. 57.5 in2
6. C 8. B
30 , a 20 , A
2.9, c 20 , a
1.5 20.2
10. two; B 42 , C 108 , c 5.7; B 138 , C 12 , c 1.2 101 , 12. one; B c 8.7 14. 43.1 m2 16. 572.8 ft2 18. 4.2 m2 20. B 55.6, b 68 , c 65 , b 22.1, c 45 , 48.2 5.1 2.8 39.8 22. B 24. C 26. C 28. no 30. two; B 72 , C 75 , c 3.5; B 108 , C 39 , c 2.3 32. one; B 90 , C c 24.2 101 , 60 , 101 , c 21 , C 97 , a 67 , B 3.0, b 37 , b 5.5, b 63 , b 3.4 13.1 14.4 2.9 19 , C 16 ,
11. one; B 24 , C c 12.0 13. 5.5 m 15. 19.5 yd2 17. 62.4 cm2 19. 14.6 mi2 21. C 23. B 25. A 27. A 73 , a 47 , C 40 , B 20 , a
29. one; B c 1.8 31. no
36 , C
33. one; B 18 , C c 25.8
34. two; B 56 , C 72 , c 229.3; B 124 , C 4 , c 16.8 36. one; B 23 , C c 14.1 38. 4.6 and 8.5 mi 18 , 129 ,
35. two; B 85 , C 15 , c 2.4; B 95 , C 5 , c 0.8 37. two; B 65 , C 68 , c 84.9; B 115 , C c 28.3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
356
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
39. 7.5 mi from Ranger B, 10.9 mi from Ranger A 41. 107 mph
40. 690 ft 42a. 14.63 b 20 42b. b 14.63 or b 42c. b 14.63 44. D
20
43. Answers should include the following. If the height of the triangle is not given, but the measure of two sides and their included angle are given, then the formula for the area of a triangle using the sine function should be used. You might use this formula to find the area of a triangular piece of land, since it might be easier to measure two sides and use surveying equipment to measure the included angle than to measure the perpendicular distance from one vertex to its opposite side. 1 The area of ABC is ah.
2
C b h A B
c
h or h c 1 ah or 2 1 a (c sin 2
sin B Area Area
c sin B
B)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
357
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
45. B 47.
23 3
78 , a
50.1, c
56.1
48. 22 46. 50. 407 , 52.

3 68
23 2
49. 660 , 51. 53.

17 6 55 221
60
7 6
313
54. 780 ft 56. 7.8 58. 136.0
55. 5.6 57. 39.4
Lesson 13-5 Law of Cosines Pages 735738

1. Mateo; the angle given is not between the two sides, therefore the Law of Sines should be used. 2a. Use the Law of Cosines to find the measure of one angle. Then use the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines to find the measure of a second angle. Finally, subtract the sum of these two angles from 180 to find the measure of the third angle. 2b. Use the Law of Cosines to find the measure of the third side. Then use the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines to find the measure of a second angle. Finally, subtract the sum of these two angles from 180 to find the measure of the third angle.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
358
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
3. Sample answer:
4. cosines; A c 6.5
9
76 , B
69 ,
15
13
5. sines; B b 14 7. cosines; A C 90 9. 94.3 11. cosines; A C 70
70 , a 23 , B
9.6, 67 ,
6. sines; C c 92.5 8. 19.5 m 10. sines; A c 11.2
101 , B
37 ,
60 , b 46 , B
14.3, 74 , 82 , 78 ,
48 , B
62 , 44 , 10.9, 110 , 31.7,
12. cosines; A C 59.6 14. cosines; A c 11.5 16. cosines; A b 17.9 18. no 20. cosines; A C 28 22. cosines; A C 34
13. sines; B 102 , C b 21.0 15. sines; A c 5.4 17. cosines; A C 40 19. sines; C c 31.6 21. no 23. cosines; A b 21.0 25. cosines; A C 31 27. cosines; B a 4.5 29. about 100.1 52 , C 24 , B 82 , C 80 , a 30 , B 77 , b
56.8 , B 55 , C
103 , B 15 , B 102 , b 107 , B
49 , 131 , 5.5, 35 ,
109 , 125 , 58 ,
24. sines; C c 14.4 26. cosines; A c 13.8
28. about 159.7 30. Since the step angle for the carnivore is closer to 180 , it appears as though the carnivore made more forward progress with each step than the herbivore did.
359
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
31. 4.4 cm, 9.0 cm 33. 91.6
32. about 1362 ft; about 81,919 ft 2 0, 34. Since cos 90 2 2 2 a b c 2bc cos A 2 b 2 c 2. becomes a 36. B
35. Answers should include the following. The Law of Cosines can be used when you know all three sides of a triangle or when you know two sides and the included angle. It can even be used with two sides and the nonincluded angle. This set of conditions leaves a quadratic equation to be solved. It may have one, two, or no solution just like the SSA case with the Law of Sines. Given the latitude of a point on the surface of Earth, you can use the radius of the Earth and the orbiting height of a satellite in geosynchronous orbit to create a triangle. This triangle will have two known sides and the measure of the included angle. Find the third side using the Law of Cosines and then use the Law of Sines to determine the angles of the triangle. Subtract 90 degrees from the angle with its vertex on Earths surface to find the angle at which to aim the receiver dish. 37. A
38. 100.0
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
360
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
39. Sample answer: 100.2
40. By finding the measure of angle C in one step using the Law of Cosines, only the given information was used. By finding this angle measure using the Law of Cosines and then the Law of Sines, a calculated value that was not exact was introduced; 100.0 . 42. no solution 44. sin cos csc cot 46. 1.3863
7 265 , 65 265 , 7 4 7 4 265 , 65
41. one; B c 9.6 43. sin tan sec
46 , C
12 , cos 13 12 , csc 5 13 , cot 5 26 , 4 215 , 5
79 ,
5 , 13 13 12 5 12
tan
45. sin tan sec 47. {x 0 x 49. 405, 51. 540 , 53.
19 6
2 210 , 5
cos csc cot
210 , 4
sec
265 , 4 7 , 4
2 26 , 3
215 3
0.6931} 315 180

5 6
48. 4.3891 50. 390 , 52. 54.

5 2 10 3
330
3 2
, ,
2 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
361
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
1. sin cos tan sec
3 213 , 13
2 213 , 13 213 , 2

213 , 3 2 3
2.
2 23 3
3 , 2
csc cot
3. 27.7 m2
4. two; B 27 ; C 131 ; c 30.2; B 153 ; C 5 ; c 3.5 15.9, A 59 ,
5. cosines; c B 43
Lesson 13-6 Circular Functions Pages 742745

1. The terminal side of the angle in standard position must intersect the unit circle at P (x, y). 3. Sample answer: The graphs have the same shape, but cross the x-axis at different points. 5. sin 7.
1 2 22 ; 2 22 2
2. Sample answer: the motion of the minute hand on a clock; 60 s 4. sin

23 2 12 , 13
cos
5 13
cos
6.
8. 720
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
362
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
9. 2 s
10.
h
3
O 3
11. sin 13. sin 15. sin 17. 19. 21. 1 23. 25. 27. 29. 6 31. 2 33.
1 440 1 4 1 2 23 1 2
4 ; 5
cos cos cos
15 ; 17
23 ; 2
3 5 8 17 1 2
12. sin 14. sin 16. sin 18. 20. 22. 24.
23 2
5 ; 13 1 ; 2
cos
cos
13 2
12 13
0.8; cos
0.6
23 2
26. 23
9 4
22 2
323
28. 1 30. 9 32. 8
34.
y
1
O 1
1 440
1 220
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
363
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
35. a ,
1 13 1 13 b, a , b, 2 2 2 2 13 b 2 1 , 2
( 1, 0), a
1 a , 2
13 b, 2
36. The population is around 425 near the 60th day of the year. It rises to around 625 in May/June. It falls to around 425 again by August/September. It continues to drop to around 225 in November/December. 38. tan 40. 42. cot
23 3
37. 39.
41. 23
x y
y x
43. sine: D {all reals}, R { 1 y 1}; cosine: D {all reals}, R { 1 y 1}
44. Answers should include the following. Over the course of one period both the sine and cosine function attain their maximum value once and their minimum value once. From the maximum to the minimum the functions decrease slowly at first, then decrease more quickly and return to a slow rate of change as they come into the minimum. Similarly, the functions rise slowly from their minimum. They begin to increase more rapidly as they pass the halfway point, and then begin to rise more slowly as they increase into the maximum. Annual temperature fluctuations behave in exactly the same manner.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
364
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
The maximum value of the sine function is 1 so the maximum temperature would be 50 25(1) or 75 F. Similarly, the minimum value would be 50 25( 1) or 25 F. The average temperature over this time period occurs when the sine function takes on a value of 0. In this case that would be 50 F. 45. A 47. cosines; c A 76 49. 27.0 in2 51. 6800 53. 5000 55. 250 57. does not exist 59. 8 61. 2x 63. 2y 65. 110 67. 80 69. 89 9 7
5 y 3
46. 12.4, B 59 ,
23 3
48. cosines; A C 84 50. 12.5 m2 52. 9500 54. 5000 56. 50 58.
64 3
34 , B
62 ,
60. 4x 62. 5y 2 64. 20 66. 73 68. 56
5 4y 4
11 y 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
365
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
Lesson 13-7
Inverse Trigonometric Functions Pages 749751

2. Sample answer: Cos 45 Cos
1 22
1. Restricted domains are denoted with a capital letter.
22 ; 2
45
3. They are inverses of each other. 5. 7. 0 9. 11. 0.75 13. 0.58 15. 17. y Arcsin Arccos x 45 3.14 Arccos 0.5
4. 6. 45 8.
6
Arctan x
0.52
10. 0.22 12. 0.66 14. 30 16. a 18. 30 Arctan b Arcsin

4 b 3 1 2
19. Arccos y 21. 60 23. 45 25. 45 27. 2.09 29. 0.52 31. 0.5 33. 0.60 35. 0.8 37. 0.5 39. 0.5 41. 0.71 43. 0.96
20. Arctan a 22. 30 24. 30 26. 90
28. does not exist 30. 0.52 32. 0.66 34. 0.5 36. 0.81 38. 3 40. 1.57 42. does not exist 44. 0.87
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
366
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
45. 60 south of west 47. No; with this point on the terminal side of the throwing angle , the measure of is found by solving the equation tan
17 . Thus 18
46. 83 48. 60
tan
17 18
or about 43.4 , which is greater than the 40 requirement. 49. 31 51. Suppose P (x 1, y 1) and Q (x 2, y 2) lie on the line y mx b. Then m y2 y1 . The tangent of
x2 x1
50. 102 52. Trigonometry is used to determine proper banking angles. Answers should include the following. Knowing the velocity of the cars to be traveling on a road and the radius of the curve to be built, then the banking angle can be determined. First find the ratio of the square of the velocity to the product of the acceleration due to gravity and the radius of the curve. Then determine the angle that had this ratio as its tangent. This will be the banking angle for the turn. If the speed limit were increased and the banking angle remained the same, then in order to maintain a safe road the curvature would have to be decreased. That is, the radius of the curve would also have to increase, which would make the road less curved. 54. D
367
the angle the line makes with the positive x-axis is opp equal to the ratio or
adj y2 x2 y1 . x1
y
Thus tan
Q (x 2, y 2)
m.
P (x , y 1)
O y x2 m mx x1 b
y2
y1 x
53. 37
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
55.
x 0 y
1 22 23 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2
22 2 2
23 2 2
1 2
56. Sin 1 x Cos all values of x.

23 2
for
2 2
57. From a right triangle perspective, if an acute angle has a given sine x, then the complementary angle has that same value 2 as its cosine. This can be verified by looking at a right triangle. Therefore, the sum of the angle whose sine is x and the angle whose cosine is x should be .
2
58.
59.
60. 1 62. cosines; A C 90 64. 22, 57 13 , B 77 ,
61. sines; B 69 , C 81 , c 6.1 or B 111 , C 39 , C 3.9 63. 46, 39 65. 11, 109
66. 2.5 s
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
368
Algebra 2
Chapter 13
Chapter 14 Trigonetmetric Graphs and Identities Lesson 14-1 Graphing Trigonometric Functions Pages 766768
1. Sample answer: Amplitude is half the difference between the maximum and minimum values of a graph; y tan has no maximum or minimum value. 3. Jamile; The amplitude is 3 and the period is 3 . 2. Sample answer: The graph repeats itself every 180 .
4. amplitude: ; period 360 or 2

y
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 270 180 90 O
1 sin 2
1 2
1 1.5 2 2.5
90 180 270
5. amplitude: 2; period: 360 or 2

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
6. amplitude: ; period 360 or 2

y
2 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 O
2 cos 3
2 3
2 sin
90 180 270
90 180 270 360
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
369
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
7. amplitude: does not exist; period: 180 or

y
2 1.5 1 0.5 270 180 90 O 90 180 270

y
2 1.5 1 0.5 270 180 90 O 90 180 270
1 tan 4
1 1.5 2
csc 2
1 1.5 2
9. amplitude: 4; period: 180 or

y
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5

y
5 4 3 2 1
8 2
4 sin 2
4 cos
3 4
90 180 270 360
O 1 2 3 4 5
90 180 270 360 450

y
2 1.5 1 0.5 60 30 O 30 60 90 120 150
12. amplitude: ; period: 720 or 4

y
1.25 1 0.75 0.5 0.25 O 90 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
3 1 cos 2 4
2 3
3 4
1 1.5 2
90 180 270 360 450
1 sec 3 2
13. 12 months; Sample answer: The pattern in the population will repeat itself every 12 months.
14. 4250; June 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
370
Algebra 2
Chapter 14

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
3 sin
5 cos
90 180 270
90 180 270
17. amplitude: does not exist; period: 360 or 2

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5 90 180 270

y
10 8 6 4 2 270 180 90 O 90 180 270
2 csc
2 tan
4 6 8 10
19. amplitude: ; period: 360 or 2

y
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 270 180 90 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 O
1 sin 5
1 5

y
10 8 6 4 2 270 180 90 O 90 180 270
90 180 270
1 sec 3
4 6 8 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
371
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
21. amplitude: 1; period 90 or

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
sin 4
sin 2
90 180 270
90 180 270

y
5 4 3 2 1 30 O 2 3 4 5 30 60

y
5 4 3 2 1 72 54 36 18 O 2 3 4 5 18 36 54 72
2 3
sec 3
60
cot 5

y
10 8 6 4 2 810 540 270 4 6 1 4 tan 3 8 10 O 270 540 810

y
10 8 6 4 2 O 540 360 180 4 6 1 y 2 cot 2 8 10 180 360 540
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
372
Algebra 2
Chapter 14

y
10 8 6 4 2 270 180 90 O

y
10 8 6 4 2 540 360 180 O
2 6 sin 3
3 cos 2
4 6 8 10
90 180 270
4 6 8 10
180 360 540

y
10 8 6 4 2 540 360 180 O 180 360 540

2
y
10 8 6 4 2 135 90 45 O 45 90 135
3 csc 2
4 6 8 10
1 cot 2 2
4 6 8 10

y
10 8 6 4 2 270 180 90 2y tan O 90 180 270
32. amplitude: ; period: 600 or

10 3
y
5 4 3 2 1 540 360 180 O 2 3 4 5
8 9
3 y 4
2 3 sin 5 3
4 6 8 10
180 360 540
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
373
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
33.
y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 45 O 2 3 4 5
34.
y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 45 O 2 3 4 5
3 sin 4 5
7 cos 5 8
45
90 135
45
90 135
y 35.
1 107
3 5
sin 4
y 36. y y y 38. f (x )
7 8
cos 5
0.25 sin 128 t, 0.25 sin 512 t, 0.25 sin 1024 t cos x and f (x )
f (x )
5 4 3 2 1
37. Sample answer: The amplitudes are the same. As the frequency increases, the period decreases.
sec x
f (x ) f (x )
cos x cos ( x )
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
sec x sec ( x ) 5 4 3 2 1 O 2 3 4 5 90 180 270
270 180 90
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
374
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
39. y
2 sin
40.
y
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 O
2 sin t
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
41. about 1.9 ft
42. Sample answer: Tides display periodic behavior. This means that their pattern repeats at regular intervals. Answers should include the following information. Tides rise and fall in a periodic manner, similar to the sine function. In f (x ) a sin bx, the amplitude is the absolute value of a. 44. C 46. 48. 50.
1 2 22 2
43. A 45. 90 47. 45 49. 51.

22 2
90
13 16
52. 3, 11, 27, 59, 123
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
375
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
53.
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 8 4 O 3 5
y y y x2
3x 2
54.
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
y
4
2 3x
O 3 5
8 3x 2 4
55.
y
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 O 3 5 4
56.
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 4 O 3 5
2x 2
x2
2(x 8
1)2 4
y
4
(x 8
3)2
Lesson 14-2
Translations of Trigonometric Graphs Pages 774776

2. The midline of a trigonometric function is the line about which the graph of the function oscillates after a vertical shift.
1. vertical shift: 15; amplitude: 3; period: 180 ; phase shift: 45
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
376
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
3. Sample answer: y sin ( 45 )
4. 1; 2 ;
2
y
5 4 3 2 1 O
2 2 3 2
sin
3 2
2 3 4 5
5. no amplitude; 180 ;
y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
60
6. 1; 360 ; 45
y
0.75 0.5 0.25
cos (
45)
90 180 270
tan (
60)
O 45 0.25 0.5 0.75
45 90 135 180 225
y
sec
8.
1 ; 4
1 ; 4
1; 360
y
5 4 3 2 1
1 4
y 4 3 2 1
2
cos
3 2
O 1 2 3 4
3 2
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
377
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
9.
5; y 360
5; no amplitude;
y
10 8 6 4 2
10. 4; y
4; no amplitude; 180
y
7 6 5 4 3
tan
2 1
270 180 90
sec
4 6 8 10
90 180 270
135 90 45
O 1
45
90
135
11. 0.25; y
y
1.5 1 0.5 O 0.5 1 1.5
0.25; 1; 360
y
sin 0.25
12. 10; 3; 180 ; 30

y
3 sin [2( 30)] 10 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 O 4
90
180
270
360
270 180 90
90 180 270
13.
6; no amplitude; 60 ;
y
1 45 O 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 45
45
14. 1; no amplitude; ;
y
4 3 2 1
3 8 4 1 2 sec 4 8
2 4
2 cot (3
135)
[(
)]
O 1 2 3 4
3 8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
378
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
15.
2; ; 4 ;
1 O 1 2 3
2 3
6
y
16. 4; 1; 4 s
1 2 3 cos 2
[ (
)]
17. h h
4 4
cos t or 2 cos 90 t
18.
6 5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4
cos 2 t
19. 1; 360 ;
90
y
5 4 3 2 1
20. no amplitude; 180 ; 30

y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 O 45 2 3 4 5 45 90 135 cot ( 30)
cos (
90)
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
379
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
21. 1; 2 ;
4
y
5 4 3 2 1
22. 1; 2 ;
3
y
5 4 3 2 1
sin
(
3 2
)
3 2
cos
3 2
O
2
O
2
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
3 2

y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 45 O 2 3 4 5 45
22.5
24. 3; 360 ; 75
y
5 4 3 2 1
3 sin (
75)
90 135 22.5)
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
1 ( 4 tan
25.
1; y
1; 1; 360
y
5 4 3 2 1
26. 2; y
y
5 4 3 2 1
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
sin
sec
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
380
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
27.
5; y
5; 1; 360
y
2 1
28.
3 ; 4
3 ; 4
no amplitude;
y
360
90 180 270 5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5 90 180 270
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
cos
csc
3 4
29.
1 ; 2
1 1 ; ; 2 2
360
y
5 4 3 2 1
1 2 sin 1 2
30. 1.5; y
1.5; 6; 360
y
10 8 6 4 2
6 cos
1.5
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
270 180 90
4 6 8 10
90 180 270
31.
y
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
3 4
32.
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
y y
2 cos ( 3
50)
90 180 270
tan
O
2 4 4 2
3 4
translation units left and 4 5 units up
translation 50 right and 2 units up with an amplitude 2 of unit

3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
381
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
33. 1; 2; 120 ; 45
y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
34.
y
2 sin [3( 45)] 1
5; 4; 180 ;
10 8 6 4 2 270 180 90
30
y
90 180 270
4 6 8 10
90 180 270
4 cos [2(
30)]
35.
3.5; does not exist; 720 ; 60

y
8 6 4 2 270 180 90 O 90 180 270
36. 0.75; does not exist; 270 ; 90

y
20 16 12 8 4 270 180 90 O 90 180 270
4 6 8 10 12
3 csc 2
[1 (
60
)]
3.5
8 12 16 20
6 cot 3
[2(
y
90
)]
0.75
37. 1; ; 180 ; 75
y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
1 4
38.
4; does not exist; 30 ; 22.5

2 1
1 cos (2 4
150)
22.5
90 180 270
O 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 135) 4
22.5
2 tan (6 5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
382
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
39. 3; 2; ;
4
y
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
40. 4; does not exist; 6 ;

y
y
3 2 sin 2
2 3
[(
)]
3 2
O
2
3 2
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 4 2 O 4 2 4
2 3
sec 3
[1(
y y
)] )] )]
41.
5 4 3 2 1
3 2
y y y
3 3
1 cos 2 1 cos ( 2
42.
)
y
5 4 3 2 1 4 2 O 2 3 4 5
[1( 1 cos [ 4 (
sin 4 2 4
2 3 2
O
2
2 3 4 5
3 2
The graphs are identical. The graphs are identical. 43. c 45. 300; 14.5 yr 44. 180; 5 yr 46. Sample answer: When the prey (mouse) population is at its greatest the predator will consume more and the predator population will grow while the prey population falls.
9
47. h
6 sin c (t
1.5)d
48. a 50. B
1, b
1, h
49. Sample answer: You can use changes in amplitude and period along with vertical and horizontal shifts to show an animal populations starting point and display changes to that population over a period of
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
383
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
time. Answers should include the following information. The equation shows a rabbit population that begins at 1200, increases to a maximum of 1450, then decreases to a minimum of 950 over a period of 4 years. Relative to y a cos bx, y a cos bx k would have a vertical shift of k units, while y a cos [b (x h)] has a horizontal shift of h units. 51. D 52. amplitude: does not exist; period: 360 or 2
y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5 90 180 270
3 csc

y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5

y
10 8 6 4 2 360 180 O 180 360
3 2
sin 2
90 180 270
3 tan
2 3
4 6 8 10
55. 0.75
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
56. 0.57
384
57. 0.83 59. 35 61. 0.66 63. 65. 67. 69. 71.
5a 13 (a 2)(a 3) 3y 2 2(y 23 3 10y 5)(y 5 3)
58. 0.8 60. 2.29 62. 0.66 64. 66. 68. 70. 0 72.
1 4 23 2 22 2
1 2
73. 1
Lesson 14-3 Trigonometric Identities Pages 779781

1. Sample answer: The sine function is negative in the third and fourth quadrants. Therefore, the terminal side of the angle must lie in one of those two quadrants. 3. Sample answer: Simplifying a trigonometric expression means writing the expression as a numerical value or in terms of a single trigonometric function, if possible. 7. 22 5.
5 4
2. Sample answer: Pythagorean identities are derived by applying the Pythagorean Theorem to trigonometric concepts. 4.
23 3
6.
3 5
8. 1 10. sec 12. sin cos

v2 gR
9. tan2 11. csc
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
385
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
13. 15. 17. 19. 21. 23.
1 2
5 4
23 2
25
16. 2 22 14. 18. 20. 22. 24. 26. 1 28. sin 30. 3 32. tan 34. cot2 36. 1
4 5 3 5
25 3
3 4
4 27 7
3 25 5
4 217 17
25. cot 27. cos 29. 2 31. cot2 33. 1 35. csc2 37. about 11.5 39. about 9.4 41. No; R 2
I tan E I sin R2 cos
38. about 4 m/s 40. E 42. P . 44.

9 16 I cos R2
I 2R sin2 2 ft
simplifies to E 43. P I 2R
I 2R . tan2 2 ft
45. Sample answer: You can use equations to find the height and the horizontal distance of a baseball after it has been hit. The equations involve using the initial angle the ball makes with the ground with the sine function. Answers should include the following information.
386
46. B
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
Both equations are quadratic in nature with a leading negative coefficient. Thus, both are inverted parabolas which model the path of a baseball. model rockets, hitting a golf ball, kicking a rock 47. A 48. 1; y 1; 1; 360
y
5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5 90 180 270
sin
49. 12; y

y
20 15 10 5

y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 45 O 2 3 4 5 45 90 135
270 180 90
O 5
90 180 270
tan
12
csc 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
387
Algebra 2
Chapter 14

y
5 4 3 2 1 135 90 45 O 2 3 4 5
2 3

y
5 4 3 2 1 22.5 O 2 3 4 5
cos 3
1 cot 5 3
45
90 135
22.5
53. 93 55. Symmetric ( ) 57. Multiplication ( )
54. y
1 (x 6
11)2
1 2
56. Substitution ( ) 58. Substitution ( )

1.
3 , 4
720 or 4
y
5 4 3 2 1
2.
5, 2, 8 ,
6 4 2 4 2 O 4 6 8 10 12 14
4
y
3 1 sin 2 4
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
3. 5.
25 2 3 5
4.
213 3
2 cos 4
[1 (
)]
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
388
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
Lesson 14-4
1. sin sin tan tan
? ?
Verifying Trigonometric Identities Pages 784785

cos cos
1 cos
sec
1 cos
sec
2. Sample answer: Use various identities, multiply or divide terms to form an equivalent expression, factor, and simplify rational expressions.
sin sin sin sin sin
1 cos2 , cos cos Multiply by the LCD, cos . cos2 ? 1 tan cos Subtract. 1 cos 2 ? sin2 tan sin2 cos sin ? tan sin cos Factor.
tan
tan
sin
sin cos
tan
tan
3. Sample answer: sin2 1 2 cos ; it is not an identity because sin 2 1 cos2 . 5. tan2
sin2 cos2
4. tan (cot 1
tan ) tan2 sec2

?
? ?
sec 2 sec2 sec2 sin sin sin sin
cos2 cos2 sin

2
? ?
1 sin2 sin
2
cos2
6.
(1
cos2 1 sin 1 sin2 1 sin sin )(1 sin ) 1 sin
1 1 1 1
sin
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
389
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
7.
tan2 csc2 sec2 csc2

1 cos 2 1 sin 2
tan2 tan2 tan

2
8.
sin sec sin sec sin sec sin sec sin sec sin sec
1 tan cot
1
sin2 cos sin cos
1
sin2 sin cos2 cos
1 cos2
sin
tan
tan2
tan2
sin cos sin2 cos2 sin cos 1 sin sec
9.
sec tan sec tan sec tan sec tan sec tan
1 1 1 1 1
tan sec
10. D
tan sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 tan (sec 1) 2 sec 1 tan (sec 1) 2 tan sec 1 tan
11.
cos2 cos2
tan2
sin2 cos2
cos2 cos2 sin

2
? ?
1 1 1 1
12. cot cot2 cot 2
(cot cot
sin cos
tan ) tan
cos sin
? ? ?
csc2 csc2 csc 2 csc2 csc2
cos
cot2 csc2 14. sin sin sec

1 cos
1
? ?
13.
1 1
sec2
1 cos2
sin2 sin2 tan2 sec2
? ?
sec2 sec2 sec2 sec2
cot
cos sin
1 1 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
390
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
15.
1 1 1 1 1 1 cos cos cos cos cos cos
?
16.
(csc csc2 cot
?
cot )2 2 cot
2
csc
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
cos sin 1 cos2 sin sin2 1 2cos 2 sin sin2 1 2 cos cos2 sin2 (1 cos )(1 cos 1 cos2 (1 cos )(1 cos (1 cos )(1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 2
1 sin2
cos2 sin2
1 2 cos2 sin cos 2 (1 cos ) cos2 sin cos sin2 cos2 sin cos 2 sin cos2 sin cos sin cos sin cos cos sin tan cot
tan tan tan tan tan tan
cot cot cot cot cot cot
) ) )
17. cot cot csc csc

?
18.
cot sin csc tan
1 sin sin cos
sin sin
cos cos
1
1
tan sec
cos ? sin sin
cot
csc
cot cot
csc csc
cos 1 sin ? sin cos sin cos cos 1 sin ? sin (cos 1) cos
?
sin sin sin
cos cos cos
sin cos ? 1 cos sin cos cos ? 1 cos

?
sin cos
cos
cos
sin
cos
cos 1 sin cos sin (cos cos sin 1 sin
1)
cot cot
csc csc
cot csc
391
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
19.
sec sin
1 cos sin
sin cos
sin cos
cot cot
?
20.
sin sin 1 sin cos
sin 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 1 2cos sin (1
cos sin 1 cos sin cos2 cos )
2csc 2csc 2csc 2csc 2csc 2csc 2csc 2csc
1 sin cos
sin2 sin cos 1 sin2 sin cos cos2 sin cos cos sin
sin2 sin (1 cos )
cot cot cot cot cot 22.
sin2
cos2 sin (1
1 2cos cos )
2 2cos sin (1 cos ) 2(1 cos ) sin (1 cos ) 2 sin 2csc
cot 21.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin 1 sec2
?
? ?
cot2 csc 1 cot2 csc 1 cot2 (csc csc2 cot2 (csc cot2
1 1 1 1
sin cos
tan cot
sin cos cos sin cos
sin cos sin cos
csc csc 1) 1 1)
1 1
sin
cos sin sin

?
sin cos sin cos sin cos
csc
1
sin cos cos sin
1 sin sin sin 1 sin sin 1 csc2

?
cos sin cos
23.
1 1 1
24. 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
1 cos
?
tan2 sec
cos2
sin2 1
tan2 sec 1 2 (sec tan tan2 sec 2 (sec tan2
1 sec sec 1) 1 1)
1 1
sec 1
1 cos
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
392
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
25. 1
?
tan4 2 sec2 sec4 tan2 )(1 tan2 ) sec2 (2 (sec2 sec2 ) 1)](sec2 )
26. cos4 (cos2 (cos2 cos2 sin4 cos2 sin2 )(cos2 sin2 sin2 cos2 ) 1
? ? ?
(1
?
sin2 sin2 ) sin2 sin2 sin2
[1
?
(2
(2 sec2 )(sec2 ) sec2 )(sec2 ) (2 sec2 )(sec2 )

1 cos sin cos cos
?
cos2 cos2
27.
1 cos sin
sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin 1 cos
?
28.
1 cos sin cos 11 1 1 sin sin 11
1 1
1 cos2 sin (1 cos ) sin2 sin (1 cos ) sin 1 cos
sin 2
cos sin cos 1 sin
sin 211
cos 11
1 1 1
cos sin sin sin
2sec 2sec 2sec 2 sec 2sec 2sec 2sec
sin 2
sin 2
cos
sin cos 1
cos sin 2
sin cos 2cos cos2 2 cos2 2sec
29.
tan
sin cos
sin sin
cos cos
csc2
1 sin
2
1 1 1
30.
sin2 1 cos sin2 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 2 (1 sin cos ) 1 cos2 2 (1 sin cos ) sin2
1 1 1 1 1
cos cos cos cos cos
? ?
1 31.
2 v 0 tan2
cos
2g sec2
cos2 1 2g cos2
2 v0
2 v0
sin2
32. 598.7 m
cos 2 1
2g v 2 sin2 0 2g
sin2 cos2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
393
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
33. Sample answer: Consider a right triangle ABC with right angle at C. If an angle A has a sine of x, then angle B must have a cosine of x. Since A and B are both in a right triangle and neither is the right angle, their sum must be .
2
34. Sample answer: Trigonometric identities are verified in a similar manner to proving theorems in geometry before using them. Answers should include the following. The expressions have not yet been shown to be equal, so you could not use the properties of equality on them. To show two expressions you must transform one, or both independently. Graphing two expressions could result in identical graphs for a set interval, that are different elsewhere. 36. B 38.
35. D 37.
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
is not 39. 40.
may be
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
may be
may be
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
394
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
41.
42.
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
may be 43. 45.

2193 12
25 2
[ 360, 360] scl: 90 by [ 5, 5] scl: 1
is not 44. 46.

y
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 270 180 90 O 2 3 4 5
25 3 27 4
47. 1: 360 ; 30
48. 1: 360 ; 45
y
cos (
30)
sin (
45)
270 180 90
O 2 3 4 5
90 180 270
90 180 270
49. 3; 2 ;
2
y
5 4 3 2 1
50.
5 6
3 cos
3 2
O
2
51. 53.
26 4
26 4
2 3 4 5
3 2
22 2
52. 54.
22 4 2 4
23
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
395
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
Lesson 14-5
1. sin ( ) sin cos sin
Sum and Difference of Angles Formulas Pages 788790

sin cos sin sin ) 2. Use the formula sin( sin cos cos sin . Since sin 105 sin(60 45 ), replace with 60 and with 45 to get sin 60 cos 45 cos 60 sin 45 . By finding the sum of the products of the values, the result is or about 0.9659.
26 22 26 26 22 4
3. Sometimes; sample answer: The cosine function can equal 1. 5. 7. 9.

23 2 1 2 4
26
22
4.
6. 8.
23 2
22
10. cos (270

? ?
) sin 270 sin
cos 270 cos 0 ( 1 sin ) sin

sin( cos 60 30 ) sin cos( sin 60
11. sin cos sin

2
sin a cos 0
cos cos cos cos
12.
?
60 )
sin cos 30
23 sin 2
sin
cos
?
2
?
23 sin 2
cos cos 30
1 cos 2
13.
5 1
23 5 23
cos 1 cos
1 cos 2
?
1 cos 2
cos
14.
22 2
1 cos 2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
396
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
15. 17. 19. 21. 23. 25. 27.
22
26
26
26
4 4 4
22 22
16. 18. 20. 22.
26 22
26 22 2 23 2 4 4
22 22 26
22
22 2
22 2
26
26
24. 26.
4 4
22
22 2
28. sin (270

? ?
) cos 270 sin 0 ) sin 90 sin 1 sin

3 2
sin 270 cos 1 cos cos

? ?
29. cos (90

? ?
) sin 90 sin
30. cos (90
cos 90 cos 0 1 sin sin
cos 90 cos 0 cos sin sin 1
31.
sin(90 ) cos sin 90 cos cos 90 sin

?
32. sin
cos
3 2
cos
cos cos cos cos sin 0 0
3 2
cos
sin
?
1 cos
0 sin cos cos 0
? ?
cos cos cos cos
cos ( 1) ( cos ) cos
? ?
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
397
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
33. cos
cos ( cos
) sin
cos cos cos cos
34.
sin
? ?
cos(2 ) cos cos 2 cos [sin 2 sin ]

? ? ?
cos cos cos cos )
1 cos
0 sin cos
1 cos
[0 sin ] 1 cos cos 0 sin (60
35. sin cos
sin( [cos
) sin ]
? ? ? ?
sin sin sin sin sin
36. sin (60

?
0 cos
[ 1 sin ] 0 [ sin ] sin cos a

3 23 cos 2 1 sin 2 1 sin 2 6
23 2
?
sin 60 cos sin 60 cos 23 cos cos cos

1 2 1 2
23 2
cos 60 sin cos 60 sin sin
sin
37. sin a
?
b 23 2 3 6
38. sin ( ) sin ( 2 2 sin sin

?
sin cos
cos
cos sin
sin sin
cos
(sin (sin sin2
cos cos cos2
cos sin ) cos sin ) cos2 sin2
1 2
? ?
sin
cos
?
sin2 (1 sin2 ) (1 sin2 ) sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2 sin2
1 2
sin
sin
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
398
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
39. cos ( cos ( ) )

?
40.
1 1 tan tan sec sec
sin sin cos cos 1 1 cos cos
y
10 sin (2t
y
4 30) O 2 4 10 cos (2t 60) 180 t
180
90
90
cos ( 1
sin sin cos cos 1 1 cos cos
cos cos
cos cos
cos (
cos
cos 1
sin
sin
cos (
cos (
) 42. 0.3681 E
41. Destructive; the resulting graph has a smaller amplitude than the two initial graphs. 43. 0.4179 E 45. 0.5563 E
44. 0.6157 E 46. tan ( )

sin( ) cos( ) sin cos cos cos
sin cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
cos sin
cos cos sin cos
sin sin
sin cos sin cos
tan tan 1 tan tan
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
399
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
tan (
sin( ) cos( ) sin cos cos cos

sin cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
cos sin
cos cos sin cos
sin sin
sin cos sin cos
tan tan 1 tan tan
47. Sample answer: To determine communication interference, you need to determine the sine or cosine of the sum or difference of two angles. Answers should include the following information. Interference occurs when waves pass through the same space at the same time. When the combined waves have a greater amplitude, constructive interference results and when the combined waves have a smaller amplitude, destructive interference results. 49. C
48.
50. cot
?
sec
cos2 sin sin cos cos2 sin cos cos sin 1 cos
sin sin cos
cot
sec
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
400
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
51. sin2
?
tan2 cos2 )
sec2 csc2 1 cos2 sin2 cos2 sec2 csc2
52. sin (sin sin2

1 sin2
(1 sin2 sin
2
csc ) 1
? ? ?
2 2 2 2
cos2 cos2 cos2 cos2
cos2 1 2 2 cos
sin2 sin2
tan2
sec tan sin cos cos sin 1 sin
?
53.
1 cos 1 cos
csc csc csc csc csc
54. 1
csc 55. 4 57. 2 sec
56. sec 58. sin cos csc sec
5 234 , 34 234 , 5
3 234 , 34 234 , 3
tan
3 , 5
cot
5 3
59.
sin tan sec

4 , 3
4 , 5
cos
5 , 4 3 4
3 , 5
csc
5 , 3
cot
60. sin tan csc cot
1, cos 0, undefined, 1, sec undefined, 0
61. 360 63. 56

2 25 2
62. 3,991,680 64. 210 66. 68.

401
65. about 228 mi 67.
y2 34 3 5
x2 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
69. 71. 73.
25 5 26 2
70. 72. 74.
2 16 12 2
3 25 5 3 4
22 2 12 2
Lesson 14-6
Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas Pages 794797

2. Sample answer: 45 ; cos 2(45 ) cos 90 or 0, 2 cos 45 2
7 25 2 25 , , 25 5 5 12 2
1. Sample answer: If x is in the x third quadrant, then is 2 between 90 and 135 . Use the half-angle formula for cosine knowing that the value is negative. 3. Sample answer: The identity used for cos 2 depends on whether you know the value of sin , cos , or both values. 5.
4 25 , 9 28 3 27 , 8 4 2 1 230 , , 9 6 26 6
or 22
4.
24 , 25
6.
23 1 22 13 , , , 2 2 2 22 22 2 13 13
7.
9.
22
2 17 13
1 , 8
28 4
2 17
8.
10. cot x
sin 2x 1 cos 2x 2 sin x cos x 1 (1 2 sin2 x) 2 sin x cos x 2 sin2 x cos x sin x
cot x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
402
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
11. cos2 2x
4 22 , 9 235 , 18
13. 15. 17.
120 119 5 226 226 , , , 169 169 26 26
4 sin2 x cos2 x
23 3
? ?
1 1 1
12. 1.64
cos2 2x
7 26 , , 9 3 155
sin2 2x 1
14. 16. 18.
155 3 255 23 28 , , , 32 32 4 28 4 22 7 23 16 , , 9 9 6 23 16 6 4 13 4 17 215 221 , , 18 6 6 4 13
24 7 3 210 , , , 25 25 10 215 , 8
4 26 , 25
23 210 , , 25 5
19. 21.
20. 22.
120 119 5 226 , , , 169 169 26 215 7 , , 8 8 28 2 115 28
7 210 26 , , 8 4 4
210 10
215 5
2 115 4
226 26
23.
4 25 , 9
1 26 230 , , 9 6 6 13
24.
25. 27. 29. 31.
22 22 22 2 2 2
12
12
26. 28. 30.

? ?
22
25 110 1210 10 22 22 2 12 13 13
25 110 1210 , 10
4 221 17 , , 5 25 4
sin 2x 2 sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x
2 cot x sin2 x cos x 2 sin2 x sin x 2 sin x cos x
32. 2a
2 2
2 cos2
1 1
x 2
2
1 1 1 1
cos x cos x cos x cos x
cos x b 2
2a
cos x b 2
cos x
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
403
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
33. sin4 x (sin2 x (sin2 x

2
34. sin2 x cos4 x 2 sin2 x 1 cos2 x)(sin2 x cos2 x) 2 sin2 x cos2 x) 1 2 sin2 x sin2 x)] 1 2 sin2 x sin2 x
? ? ? ? ?
1 (1 2 1 [1 2 1 (2 2
cos2 x) (1 sin2 x) 2 sin2 x)]
sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x
sin2 x
[sin x
2
(1
1 1 1
sin x
2 sin2 x 35.
2 sin2 x 2 sin2 x
x 2
x
?
a a
tan2
1 1 1 1
36.
sin2 2 cos2
1 x 2
cos x 2 b 2 ? 1 cos x 2 b 2
1 1 1
1 cos x sin x cos x sin x 1 cos2 x sin x cos x sin2 x sin x cos x sin x cos x
tan x tan x tan x tan x tan x
? ? ?
1 1
cos x cos x
37. 46.3
39. 2
23
1 38. 1 40.
2 g
3 3
tan x
1 1 1 1
cos L cos L cos L cos L
v 2 (tan
?
tan
sin2 ) sin2 )
2 g 2 g
v 2 tan (1 v 2 tan cos2 cos
2 2 v sin g v 2 sin 2 g
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
404
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
41.
1 tan 4
42.
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5
3 2
y y
sin x
2
x
2 3 2
O
2 1 cos 2x 2
1 1.5 2 2.5
cos2 x
Sample answer: They all have the same shape and are vertical translations of each other. 43. The maxima occur at x and at x
3 2 2
44.
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 270 180 90
y y
sin 2x
. The minima occur and 2 .
0,
x
O 90 180 270
1 1.5 2 2.5
45. The graph of f(x) crosses the x-axis at the points specified in Exercise 41. 47. Sample answer: The sound waves associated with music can be modeled using trigonometric functions. Answers should include the following information. In moving from one harmonic to the next, the number of vibrations that appear as sine waves increase by 1.
46. c
1 and d
0.5
48. D
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
405
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
The period of the function as you move from the nth harmonic to the (n 1)th harmonic decreases from 2 2 . to 49. B 51. 53. 55.
1 2 26
23 2
22
50. 52. 54. 56.

cot2 cot
2
26
26
22 2
22 22
sin2 sin
2
cos2 csc2 sin2 sin2 csc2 cos2

1 sin2
sin2
1 sin2
sin2
?
cot2 cot
2
sin2 sin
2
cot2 1 cot
2
sin2 sin2
57. cos (cos

? ?
cot ) 12 cot cos
58. 101 or 10
cot
cos sin
cos 1sin cos sin
cos2 cot cos cos (cos cot ) 60. 6, 5 2
59. 102.5 or about 316 times greater 61. 1, 63.

5 , 2
1 2
1 2
62. 0, 64.
1 1 , 2 2
65. 0,
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
406
Algebra 2
Chapter 14

1. sin sin sec
1 cos sin cos
? ?
tan tan tan tan
2.
1 cos
tan
cos cos cos cos cos2 1 cos cos 1 cos2 cos sin2 cos sin sin cos sin tan sin (90
sec
? ?
sin tan sin tan sin tan sin tan sin tan sin tan sin tan )
? ?
3. sin
sin sin sin
tan tan tan tan cos a
sin (cos cos sin cos cos sin cos cos sin tan
?
1) sin sin cos
4.
sin 90 cos
cos cos cos cos
cos 90 sin cos cos 0
5.
cos 3 cos 2 0
3 b 2 3 sin sin 2 ( 1 sin ) sin
sin
?
6. sin (
13 2
30 )
13 2 1 2
cos (
60 )
sin sin sin

?
(sin cos 30 (cos cos 60

a
cos sin 30 ) sin sin 60 )
sin
cos b sin b
1 a cos 2 23 2
?
1 cos 2
7. 9.
22 2
13
cos 8. 10.
22
9 282 82 2
1 cos 2
12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
407
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
Lesson 14-7
Solving Trigonometric Equations Pages 802804

2. Sample answer: The function is periodic with two solutions in each of its infinite number of periods. 4. 60 , 120 , 240 , 300 6.
5 6 2 6
0 1. Sample answer: If sec 1 then 0. Since no value

cos
of
makes
1 cos
0. there 2
are no solutions. 3. Sample answer: sin 5. 135 , 225 7.

3 2
, ,
8. 0 k k 360 , 300 k 360
2k 3
9. 0 11. 60
k 360 , 180 10. 90 k 360 12.

7 6
2k ,
11 6
2k
or
210 k 360 , 330 k 360 13.

6
2k ,
5 6
2k ,
2k
14. 31.3
k 360 , 150 or 30 360 , 90 k 360 15. 60 , 300 17. 210 , 330 19. 21. 23.
5 6 6 3 2
16. 240 , 300 18. 30 , 150 , 210 , 330 20. 22.

5 3 2 3 2 2
7 6 3
11 6
2 3
4 3 3
2k ,
2k
24.
5 3
2k , 2k 2k k ,
2k ,
25. 27.
2 3 3
2k , 2k ,
4 3
2k 2k
26. 0 28. 0
5 3
2k ,
5 6
2k
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
408
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
29. 45 31. 270 33. 0
k 180 k 360 k 180 , 60

3 2
30. 0 32. 30 150 k 180 34. 120 240 36.

7 6
k 180 k 360 , k 360 k 360 , k 360 2k ,

11 6
35. 0 or 0 270 37. 0
2k ,
2k ,
2k k 360 ,
2k
or
k 360 , 90 k 360 k or 0
210 330 38.

2
k 360 , k 360 k ,
2 3
k 180
2k ,
4 3
2k k
k 180 , 120 or 90 360 , 240 k 360 39. 0 2k ,

3
2k ,
5 3
2 , k
40.
4k
or 90
k 720
k 360 , 60 or 0 360 , 300 k 360 41. S 43. y

y
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 O 1 1
352 tan 3 2
y
3 2
or S
3 2
352 cot
42. about 32 44. 10
sin ( t)
3 sin ( t ) 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
45. (4.964,
0.598)
46. Sample answer: Temperatures are cyclic and can be modeled by trigonometric functions. Answers should include the following information.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
409
Algebra 2
Chapter 14
47. D 49. 51. 53. 55. b
24 7 210 3 210 , , , 25 25 10 10 23 2
A temperature could occur twice in a given period such as when the temperature rises in the spring and falls in autumn. 48. B 50. 52. 54.
23 , 2 22 2 7 25 2 25 , , 25 5 5 1 1 23 , , 2 2 2
5 211 7 23 233 , , , 18 18 6 6
24 , 25
11.0, c
12.2, m C
78
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
410
Algebra 2
Chapter 14

Hon Alg 2 Ans Key

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Answer Key Transparencies

36. about 1.8 lb 38. 3.4 40. 45

37. 31.25 drops per min 39. 2

41. 43. 47. 49. 2 51.

42. 5.3 44. 75 46. 4

48. 36.01 50.

53. $8266.03 55. Sample answer: 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 14 4 42 4 3 4 14 42 4 4 14 4 42 4 5 14 42 4 4 6 44 4 4 7 14 42 14 42 8 4 4 4 4 9 144 42 4 10

57. C 59. 3 61. 10 63. 65.

Properties of Real Numbers Pages 1418

6. Q, R 8. Associative Property ( ) 10. 8, 12.

14. 13p 16. 17a 1 18. $175.50

41. 12 units 39. 1

45. 0.125; 47.

49. 3a 51. 40x 53. 55. 57. 12r

2y 10a 46d 2.9q

60. false; 62. true

64. 3.6; $327.60

1 1 b b 2 a1 4 8 Def. of a mixed number 1 1 3 122 3 a b 2 112 2 a b 4 8 Distributive 3 1 6 2 Multiply. 4 4

Comm. ( ) Add. Assoc. ( ) Add.

67. 4700 ft2 69. $62.15

68. $113(0.36 $113(0.36)

74. true 76. true 78. 9 80. 5

a whole number. 82. 358 in2 84.

Chapter 1 Practice Quiz 1 Page 18

6. Q, R 8. Additive Inverse 10. 50x 64y

Lesson 1-3 Solving Equations Pages 2427

14. 1.5 16. y

15. 16 17. p 19. 5 21. n 2 23. 519 25.

18. D 20. 10n 22. 6n3 82 72 3 24. 21n 26. 1n

58. a 60. 2 62.

72. Central: 690 mi.; Union: 1085 mi 74. $295

Solving Absolute Value Equations Pages 3032

11. 5 32, 366

10. 5 11, 296 12.

13. 586 15. least: 158 F; greatest: 162 F

17. 15 19. 0 21. 3 23. 25. 4 9.4

24. 26. 5 28.

30. 512, 34. 36.

32. 5 28, 206

38. 5 4, 40. 42. {3, 15} 44.

51. sometimes; true only if c

57. 5 1.56 59. 21n 61.

64. Commutative Property ( ) 66. Multiplicative Inverse

74. 2 76. 78. 6 2

Lesson 1-5 Solving Inequalities Pages 3739

11. all real numbers or 1

14. at least 92 16. 5b 0 b 18. 5d 0 d

28. ew ` w 30. 5c 0 c 32. 5z 0 z

186 or 1 18, 2.66 or 12.6,

39. at least 25 h 41. n 43.

40. no more than 14 rides 6 24 11; n

42. 44. 1 46. n

, at least 47. 217m2 17; m 14 2 child-care staff members

48. $24,000 40,000

56. x 58. x 60.

65. I, R 67. 5 7, 76 69. 71. 5 11,

66. 4.25(5.5 4.25(8) 68. 513, 236 70. 511, 256 16

72. 5 18, 106

Chapter 1 Practice Quiz 2 Page 39

13. all real numbers

15. 0 n 0 17. 0 n 0 19. 0 n 0 21. 0 n 0 23. 0 n 0 25. 0 n 27. 5p 0 p

14. 55 60; 343.75 c 6.25 375; between $343.75 and $375 7