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CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

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What is cell? What are the unicellular and multicellular organisms? Write the function of Flagella? What is the role of chloroplast in the plants? Name the material found in the nucleus. Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell. What is cell wall? Give its functions? Group the following organism into unicellular and multicellular organism. Amoeba, plants, paramecium, bacteria, human Draw a well labelled diagram of a typical cell. Give the average size of the following cells in the living organism. 1. Living red blood cell 2. Nerve cell 3. Green algae Chara 4. Ostrich egg Write a short note on plastids. Write short note on (A) Nucleus (B) Mitochondria Write a short note on protoplasm.

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [2] [2] [3] [3] [3] [5] [5]

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SOLUTIONS
1. 2. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organism. Unicellular organism Single celled organism are called unicellular organism. Multi cellular organism Multi cellular organism has millions of cells. Flagella help in the movement of the cell or the organisms. They help in the synthesis of food. Chromatin (1) Cell wall (2) Plastids (3) Vacuoles (4) Mitochondria 7. 8 9 Plant cell Present Present Large Present Animal cell Absent Absent Small Present

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An outer rigid layer in plant cell called cell wall Function Cell wall give shape to the cell. Unicellular organism: Amoeba, paramecium and bacteria. Multi cellular organism: Human and plants.

Structure of a typical cell

10. 1. 9 m (9 106m) 2. more than a metre long 3. 10 cm 4. 170 mm in diameter 12 (A) Plastids are the particles found in plant cells. These contain pigments. The green plastids in the plants are celled chloroplasts. They help in the synthesis of food. The red colour plastid in tomato is due to the plastids with red pigments. Nucleus Most of the cell contain nucleus in the centre. However, it may also be in the periphery of the cell as in case of plant cell. The liquid protoplasm in the nucleus is called nucleoplasm, which is bound by nuclear membrane. Nucleus controls the activities of the cells.

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It contains a network of fibrous material called chromatin. The condensed chromatin is the form of fibre like structures called chromosome, which helps in transfer of characters from the parents to next generation. (B) Mitochondria Mitochondria is rodshaped or spherical organelles. Each Mitochondria is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Mitochondria provide energy for the activities of the cell. Cell membrane encloses a liquid substance known as protoplasm. Protoplasm is made up of compounds of four elements, namely carbon, hydrogen nitrogen and oxygen. It also contains compound of other elements. Elements in different combination from compounds. Some of these compounds such as water, carbohydrate, protein, fats, nucleic aid and minerals salts which provide living nature to the protoplasm. Protoplasm contains several of smaller components of cell. Such as nucleus, chromatin, plastids, mitochondria etc.

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