2008

1-29

562-645

NSC95-2411-H-153-003

515-577

1
2

47

12b

1909-1995

1991

100

2002

6-10

2001

77-82

46

786b-792b

549-623

344-413

100-160

150-250

32

419b-c

226c

42

233a

1893-1964

424-452

560-578

-450

365-448

440

440-451

1996

1968

159-192
263

1987

162-166

279-282
818

446

418-446

10

11

12

13

14

567

15

1965

10
11
12

114

335

47

114

537b-c

336

1977

56-58

58

13
14

50

10

392b

1991

2006

15

50

25

220

463

657c

574

577

16

17

18

515-577

558

19

52

16

50

23

49

53

17

79

124a

11

626c

94b

875c

60-61

18

446

574

845

955

538-545

1986

45-60

2001

127-128

19

1985

227-254

231-239

20

21

14

24

22

46

786b-c

786c

787a

24

1958.3

213-216

1975.12

250-253

540-594

20

538-545

104-105

21

1989

57-59

2000

1974

22

1994

164-178

78-88

12-14

23

24

25

26

27

23
24

47

4a

45

13

21

1960

32

78-81

15

11

1963.3

26-32

30

25
26

47

2004

10a

24-27

2008

389-405

406-416

417-472
50

2002.3

125-130

47

27

10a

12

398c

28

29

550-577

559-581

581-618

618-907

14

577

30

523-592

28
29

47

10a-b

50

30

20

50

2007

18-23

594a

490c-491a

1932-

31

32

33

31
32

14

12

1958.3

229-231

50-72

33

47

4b

10

46

34

56

566

35

36

37

-639

38

628

554

515

34
35

433

13

60

79-134

36

298a-381c

1976.3

82-84

13

55

363a-b

370b

37

1995

38

29-48

37-38

2001

41

11

40-45

39

1028

40

948

544

386

490

39

40

41

1500

383

41

480

12
34
1927 199
2005 5
2 1
1990.10 93-129 108
441985 249-250
251-265

971979 23-43 28-30

97 345-382
352-355
52
2422 Westergaard
368 2054 1474
544 565 485
485 486 485 430-420
384 386 A. Smith 487
H. Oldenburg 480
23-43 2539-43 70
12

42

948

43

44

1042

1052

45

390

1992

195-204

463-383

2001

2004

41-43

380

42

27-28

1997

50

23

27-29

624c-625a

947

51

12

43
44
45

970a

378b

53

49

33

319b

38

259

47

13

18b

14

46

47

48

49

46

50

1981

256-286

47

273-274
1

110

79-134

81-82

48

110-111

79-134

49

82

78

1995

14

245-261

251

51

52

53

54

55

50

81

79-134

93-95

51
52

79-134

82

12

53
54

13

55

346a

363b

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47

46c

241-242

55

13

55

363b

15

56

596-667

48

57

609

48

58

59

476-542

56

47

57

8a-10b

47

98b

40

26-32

27

12-13

58
59

50

33-60

34-36

80-81

16

20

593c

79-134

60

1932-

1.

645

562-645

620-680

61

62

2.

60

50

20

593c

1998

106-110

61
62

47

50

98b

20

17

594a

63

64

-805
985-1077

65
66

67

63

64

65
66
67

1985 293-306 295

47
83b
293-306 297-300
78 163b-c

2004
47-89
5589

18

68

69

49

20

70

536-607

71

72

68

1979

69

172-188

172-173

2004

279-281

301-329

70

308-309

71
72

2006.12

71-96

50

20

47

19

593c
7c

184-185

265-285

73

74

75

76

77

78

73
74
75

47

7a

47

77
78

8c

11c

343b

11b

2004

76

8b

12

101

50

50

18

20

575a-b

593b

2001

20

20

16-21

48

84

79

80

79

50

47

51

80

98b-c

118a-b

47

4b-c

21

20

593c-594b

81

82

57

81
82

47

45

116

13c

44

77-83

1963.3

26-32

30

22

57

56

83

84

85

1.

86

83

711-782

46

290

1991

84

182c

31

136-164

61

65

1979

234

85

86

12

23

346a

227-237

87

2.

88

89

90

87

88
89

90

12

268a

12

40

53

24

348a

826a-b

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

91
92
93

268

1989

26

41a-b

94
95
96

40

826a-b

63

47

47

97

77-78

12b-c

16b-c

97

98

25

99

100

101

47

99
100

47

4a

1984

125-127

101

12b-c

47

10c

26

106-107

102

14

24

103

102
103

47

12b

27

26-32

32

104

104

79-134

28

80


The Final Dharma Concept of Dochu and the
Establishment of Pure Land School
Chien-huang CHEN

Abstract
The trend of final dharma in China started in the South-north dynasty.
Dochu was in its peak time and went through hardship. He was stroked
spiritually in the tribulation when emperor Zhuw of North dynasty
carried out on a large-scale wipeout of Buddhism. Later, he studied
Nirvna Stra and had the sense of crisis of falling Buddhism. He finally
turned toward Pure Land belief.
Dochu in his Paradise Collection cited the saying of five hundred
years in the five periods in Candragarbha-stra, a section of the
Mahsamnipata-stra, emphazing the connotation of the religious
liberation for all sentient beings from suffering of this time and situation.
This concept made him the forerunner of Pure Land thinker to final dharma.
He claimed that in the final dharma, for the purpose of obtaining rebirth in
the Pure Land, one has to do the verbal chanting of the name of Amitbha
Buddha. He started from the viewpoint of whether to discard or to sustain
ones various capacities and combined the teaching of the most inferior
class of the inferior in the Amityur-dhyna-stra to develop the
relationship between final dharma and Pure Land teaching. This caused
Pure Land an independent school and confirmed its method of practice.

Keywords: Dochu, Tnln, final dharma, Pure Land School, Paradise

Collection

Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Language and Literature, National Pingtung

University of Education

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