(PCIJ)

1
QUADAS tool
0:

P: Patient, Population, or Problem

I: Intervention, Prognostic Factor, or Exposure

C: Comparison

O: Outcome

(usefulness) = {(relevance) X (validity)} / (work)

1: (relevance)
a.

-> Yes / No
b.

-> Yes / No
c.

DOEPOEM
-> Yes / No
d.

-> Yes / No
e.

-> Yes / No
a-e No
: (validity)
a.
(C)
a-1 gold / reference standard

-> Yes / No
a-2 (E)-> Yes / No
b. (E)
-> Yes / No
c.

c-1
-> Yes / No
c-2 (selection bias/spectrum bias)-> Yes / No
d.
-> Yes / No
e.

-> Yes / No
f.
LOE (Level of Evidence)
-

g. COI (Conflict of Interest)

-> Yes / No
a emethod

a.
,
(LR, AUROC)
b. : CI

c.
(intra)(inter)

d.

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()

prevalence / incidence

sensitivity / specificity

positive predictive value (PPV) / negative PV(NPV)

pretest / posttest odds vs. probability

positive Likelihood ratio (LR+) / negative LR (LR-)

2/5/10
0.5/0.2/0.1 small(rarely important) / small (sometimes
important) / moderate / large (often conclusive)

0-1.0 intra / inter observer/rater agreement / intra:

0:poor agreement/ 0-0.2: slight / 0.21-0.4: fair / 0.41-0.6: moderate /

0.61- 0.8: substantial / 0.81-1.0: almost perfect

SSLR (stratum-specific LR:) / spectrum bias

ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve ( vs Youden

index)

AUROC/AUC (Area under ROC / the curve)

AUC 0.9 - 1.0: High accuracy / AUC 0.9 - 0.7: Moderate accuracy /AUC
0.5 - 0.7: Low accuracy

Prediction rule (derivation study / validation study)

OR,RR, ARR, RRR, hazard ratio(

)

cross sectional

RCTPrediction rulePOEM
study

Systematic review / meta-analysis

QUADAS ( 2003)
STARD(25

2000)

1.
STARD Statement STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy
studies http://www.stard-statement.org/
2.
Whiting P et al. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality
assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews.
BMC medical research methodology. 2003;3:25.
3.
. EBM.
4.
JAMA User s guide to the Medical Literature. 2008
5.

http://spell.umin.jp/BTS_Diag6.1.pdf
6.
Clinical Journal Club 5. ROC http://www.med.osakau.ac.jp/pub/kid/clinicaljournalclub6.html
7.
Okada T, Rao G. Using the likelihood ratio. J Fam Pract. 2005;54(2):10-11.
Available at:
http://stg.jfponline.com/pdf%2F5402%2F5402JFP_LanguageofEvidence.pdf
8.

Jeffrey SonisHow to Use and Interpret Interval Likelihood RatiosFamily

Medicine. June 1999. http://www.stfm.org/Fullpdf/june99/rs.pdf

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