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Dear Student / Scholar / Supervisor, Directorate of Advanced Studies wants to help you to write your thesis in a style that is being advocated as GC Faisalabad style by the directorate. Our writing guide would not only help you to write your thesis without consuming much time rather it would be a good exercise for you to learn that how to present your ideas in a scientific manner. Wishing you a very successful research presentation Yours Sincerely Director, Directorate of Advanced Studies
For Queries please do not hesitate to contact us The Directorate of Advanced Studies Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan Phone#:. + 92 41 9200157 Email: das@gcuf.edu.pk
Table of Contents
1) General Instruction . i) Abbreviation ii) Tense iii) Typing Instructions iv) Pagination
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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Same for Synopses and Thesis writing
I. Abbreviations.
Acceptable abbreviations may be used in foot notes, tables, and references. To save space and time, it is sometimes convenient to use abbreviations for lengthy scientific words or phrases used frequently, throughout the text. Such abbreviations must be presented in parentheses immediately after the words or phrase for which they stand. An example is Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) was used in all dialysis operations. In succeeding sentences throughout the thesis, the initials PBS are used in place of the words phosphate buffered saline.
II. Tense.
The past tense is preferred for scientific writing.
IV. PAGINATION
All pages must be numbered. Pages of Summary and Acknowledgements should bear Roman numbers (i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi etc), whereas pages from introduction onward should be given Arabic numbers (1, 2,3,4,5 etc,).in the center of the page at bottom.
Distribution of Work:
Order of Contents in the Thesis / Research Reports
Thesis must be written in the following order; 1. Title 2. Declaration 3. Certificate by the Research Supervisor 4. Contents 5. Acknowledgements 6. Summary 7. Introduction 8. Review of Literature 9. Materials and Methods 10. Results 11. Discussion 12. References 13. List of Abbreviation (if any) 14. Appendices (if any)
1. The main tile of the thesis should be all Capital (not Bold) and the font size should be of size 16
2. Authors name should be written in font size 14 (Arial Font style, without Bold), followed by the Registration No. only
4 cm cm cm
August 2010
7. Session complete date and year information. It should be placed at the bottom of the page. Arial Font Size 12
2: DECLARATION: DECLARATION
Pls mention here the full name along with the complete designation of the teacher assigned as Supervisor of the research project.
The Declaration page should be written as per the following page pattern.
Pls mention the Title of thesis here
The work reported in this thesis was carried out by me under the supervision of _________________________ Department of __________________ GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. I hereby declare that the title of thesis ___________________________ and the contents of thesis are the product of my own research and no part has been copied from any published source (except the references, standard mathematical or genetic models /equations /formulas /protocols etc). I further declare that this work has not been submitted for award of any other degree /diploma. The University may take action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage.
Research Supervisors Certificate (G) Type: Form G (General) type specimen certificate is as follows
Main heading of the certificate should be in font size Arial 16 at the top and center of the page in capital letters
Chairperson
The Coordinator signature would be placed at 4 down spaces from the end of the Chairperson text aligned to the right of the page including his name, designation and official
Main heading of the certificate should be in font size Arial 16 at the top and center of the page in capital letters
Co-Supervisor
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
The Co-Supervisor signature would be placed at 4 down spaces from the end of the supervisory text aligned to the left of the page including his name, designation and official
Chairperson
The Chairperson signature would be placed at 4 down spaces from the end of the Cosupervisory text aligned to the left of the page including his name, designation and official
The Coordinator signature would be placed at 4 down spaces from the end of the Chairperson text aligned to the left of the page including his name, designation and official
Member-1
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
Member-2
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
Member-3
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
Member-2
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
Member-3
Signature.. Name: Designation with Stamp.
2. Introduction
i. This section must spell out different but relevant aspects of the topics under investigation, present status of the problem in the light of previous relevant work done, and category statement about the reasons of undertaking the study. The aims and objectives must be highlighted under this section, and should not be treated as separate sub-heading.
3. Review of Literature
i. This section must include the recent review of literature relevant to the research under investigation.
5. Results
a. Describe results succinctly. Avoid Verbosity. b. The results which are given in the form of Tables and figures may be described in words as and when needed ,otherwise avoid verbosity and try to be concise and to the point as much as possible c. Give data either in Figure or Table form. Do not give the same data in two forms. d. Tables and Figures should form part of Results Section and should never be collected together at the end of the section. 11
e. Do not give raw data Analyze the data statistically and include only the essential details.
6. Discussion
i. This section should include discussion of the data generated by you and not work done by other workers. The data of other laboratories may be given only to support your data. In case you have different results from the previously recorded literature, one can give possible reasons for that. The discussion must end with clearly defined conclusion and future prospects of the subject of investigation.
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iii) When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year, these are distinguished by adding lower case letters (a,b,c, etc.) after the year and within the parentheses:e.g. JOHNSON (1994a) discussed the subject NB The addition of letters is determined by the order of appearance within the main text, not by the alphabetical sequence of the items themselves. Thus, a citation JOHNSON (1994a) will always precede Johnson (1994b) iv) When more than one source is cited, the sequence of citations may be either chronological, e.g. (SMITH 1999; JONES 2001; TURNER 2006) or in order of academic relevance. v) If there are two authors the surnames of both should be given:e.g. MATTHEWS AND JONES (1997) have proposed that vi) If there are more than two authors the surname of the first author only should be given, followed by et al.:e.g. Office costs amount to 20% of total costs in most business (WILSON et al. 1997) (A full listing of names should appear in list of references.) vi) If the work is anonymous then ANON. should be used:e.g. In one history (ANON. 1908) it was stated that vii) If it is a reference to a newspaper article with no author the name of the paper can be used in place of ANON.:e.g. More people than ever seem to be using retail home delivery (THE TIMES 1996) (You should use the same style in list of references.) viii) If you refer to a source directly quoted in another source you cite both in the text:e.g. A study by SMITH (1960 cited JONES 1994) showed that (You should list only the work you have read, i.e. Jones, in list of references.) ix) If you refer to a contributor in a source you cite just the contributor:e.g. Software development has been given as the cornerstone in this industry (BANTZ 1995). 14
See Section References at the end of a piece of work below for an explanation of how to list contributions (chapters in books, articles in journals, papers in conference proceedings) in list of references. x) If you refer to a person who has not produced a work, or contributed to one, but who is quoted in someone elses work it is suggested that you should mention the persons name and you must cite the source author:e.g. Richard Hammond stressed the part psychology plays in advertising in an interview with MARSHALL (1999). e.g. Advertising will always play on peoples desires, Richard Hammond said in a recent article (MARSHALL 1999, p.67). (You should list the work that has been published, i.e. MARSHALL, in list of references.) Person-to-person communications (letters, emails, interviews, etc): 1 Taken from: APA, 2009. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. Washington: APA. They do not provide recoverable data and so are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in the text only. Give initials as well as the surname of the communicator and provide as exact a date as possible. When citing research data which you have collected, it is advisable to also include copies or summaries of source data in Appendices. e.g. Many designers do not understand the needs of disabled people according to J. O. Reiss (personal communication, April 18, 1997).
BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES
At the end of a piece of work, list references to documents cited in the text. This list may be called a Bibliography or References. We suggest to make the heading as References. Exceptionally you may be asked to list references not 15
cited in the text but which make an important contribution to your work. These are usually listed under the heading of Further Reading. You are advised to review the guidelines issued to you for the preparation of work to clarify this point. The references are listed in alphabetical order of authors names. If you have cited more than one item by a specific author they should be listed chronologically (earliest first), and by letter (1993a, 1993b) if more than one item has been published in the same year. Whenever possible, elements of a bibliographical reference should be taken from the title page of the publication.
1. Reference to a book
AUTHORS SURNAME, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. a. e.g. MERCER, P.A. AND SMITH, G., 1993. Private view data in the UK. 2nd ed. London: Longman.
5. Reference to a Map
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Originators SURNAME, FIRST NAME OR INITIALS, (may be cartographer, surveyor, compiler, editor, copier, maker, engraver, etc.) year of publication. Title, Scale. (should be given normally as a ratio) Place of publication: Publisher. e.g. MASON, JAMES, 1832. Map of the countries lying between Spain and India, 1:8,000,000. London: Ordnance Survey.
8. Reference to a Thesis
Authors SURNAME, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of thesis. Designation, (and type). Name of institution to which submitted. e.g. AGUTTER, A.J., 1995. The linguistic significance of current British slang. Thesis, (PhD). Edinburgh University
9. Reference to a Patent
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ORIGINATOR, (name of applicant), Year of publication. Title of patent. Series designation which may include full date. e.g. PHILIP MORRIS INC., 1981. Optical perforating apparatus and system. European patent application 0021165 A1. 1981-01-07.
10.
Reference to a Translation
Author's SURNAME, INITIALS., Year. Title. Translated from given language by Translator. Place of publication: Publisher (Originally published in given year). a. e.g. KOTLER, P. 2003. Les cls du marketing. Translated from English by Marie-France Pavillet. Paris: Village Mondial (Originally published in 2003).
12. Programs and Series: the number and title of the episode should
normally be given, as well as the series title, the transmitting organization and channel, the full date and time of transmission. a. e.g. Yes, Prime Minister, Episode 1, The Ministerial broadcast, 1986. TV, BBC2. 1986 Jan 16. b. e.g. News at ten, 2001. Jan 27. 2200 hrs.
a. e.g. BLAIR, TONY, 1997. Interview. In: Six oclock news. TV, BBC1. 1997 Feb 29. 1823 hrs.
14.
This example refers to CD-ROMs and DVDs which are works in their own right and not a video, film, or bibliographic database. Author's SURNAME, INITIALS., Year. Title [type of medium, e.g. CD-ROM]. (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: Supplier/Database identifier or number (optional) [Accessed Date] (optional). a. e.g. HAWKING, S.W., 1994. A brief history of time: an interactive adventure. [CD-ROM]. London: Crunch Media. b. e.g. HERIGSTAD, G. 2005. Houdini 101: interface and workflow [DVD] Hollywood : Gnomon Workshop
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e.g. MOLONEY, K., 2000. Rethinking public relations: the spin and the substance. London: Routledge. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/bournemouth [Accessed 22 May 2006].
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6. Reference to a Blog
Author's SURNAME, INITIALS., Day Month Year. Subject of message. Blog Title. Available from: list e-mail address [Accessed Date]. e.g. SCHOFIELD, J., 20 May 2006. Yahoo is winning in the portal wars. GU technologyblog. Available from: http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/technology/ [Accessed 22 May 2006].
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Photographer/Artists Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of image [type of medium photograph/image]. Place of publication: Publisher (of online image) if ascertainable. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. a. e.g. Sweetman, E. A., 1935. The Square and Compass Inn, Worth Matravers [photograph]. Bournemouth, Dorset Coast Digital Archive. Available from: http://www.dcda.org.uk/images/jpg600/dcm_pht_11442d3.jpg [Accessed 22 May 2006]
10.
Authors SURNAME, INITIALS., (if given, see also advice on using corporate authors). Date (if given). Title of program. Version (in brackets) [type of medium e.g. computer program]. Place of Publication: Publisher. a. e.g. THOMSON RESEARCHSOFT, EndNote. (9.0.1) [computer program]. Stamford, Conn.: Thomson ResearchSoft.
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See BS 6371:1983. Citation of unpublished documents. B.S.I. (available online via British Standards Online). ____________________________
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Plagiarism
Remember that you must acknowledge your source every time you refer to someone else's work. Failure to do so amounts to plagiarism, which is against the University rules and is a serious offence.
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SYNOPSIS PROFORMA
1. Title:
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Name of the Student Registration No Date of Admission . Date of Initiation (Research) _ Probable Duration (Research)
Page I : There should be the following informations on the first page of the synopsis.
Name/Designation: _____________ Name/Designation: _____________ Name/Designation: _____________ Name/Designation: _____________ Name/Designation: _____________
Signature: ___________ Signature: ___________ Signature: ___________ Signature: ___________ Signature: ___________
Page II on wards; 1. Abstract 2. Need tor the Project/Introduction 3. Review of Literature 4. Materials and Methods/Methodology 5. References/Literature cited Last Page Student (Signature) :________________ Forwarded: Chairman/Director, Department/Institute of________________________________________ Faculty Scrutiny Committee: a)............................................. c)............................................. Reviewed and Witnessed: Dean/Director Division/Principal_________________________________ Director of Advanced Studies: __________________________________ GC University Instructions All Ph.D. students have to submit their synopsis for their dissertation preferably up to 4th semester. MS, M.Phil, M.Sc. scholars must submit their synopses by the third semester, the latest. No enrolment in the fourh semester shall be permissible with the approval of the synopses. Abstract of the synopsis should be between 150 to 250 words. Faculty scrutiny Committee Member(s) should be other than supervisory committee. Role of the Faculty Scrutiny Committee Faculty Scrutiny member(s) has / have to check: technical aspects of the research, scope of the research weather it relates to the field, addressing the current issues of the practical nature etc. Review of literature is related to the title. And number of citations should not be less than fifteen. b)....................................... d).......................................
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1. Statistical Data Checked By:_____________________ Designation:________________ 2. General Observation/ Format Checked By:______________ Designation:________________ 3. Thesis Fee Voucher : Approved By: Attached / Not Attached
_______________________
(Director Advanced Studies. GC University, Faisalabad)
Dated:_________
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