WARM DARK MATTER AND STRUCTURE FORMATION

MATTEO VIEL
INAF and INFN Trieste (Italy)

ENTApP, DESY, Hamburg (Germany) - 25th February 2008

Credit: NASA

Intergalactic Medium + first stars + Dwarf galaxies + cluster

OUTLINE
Impact of warm dark matter particles on structure formation

- Dark matter haloes and galaxies - IGM and the Lyman- forest

Natarajan: impact on first stars Ruchayskiy: X-ray constraints Pieri: Substructures and dark matter

WARM DARK MATTER HALOES

nu t
Smoothing of halo cores Lower characteristic density Late (z<4) halo formation Reduction of low mass haloes Suppression of halo formation at high redshift Fast evolution of intermediate size haloes

In

sh

el

CDM

m = 350 eV

m = 175 eV

Dark Matter projected density Bode, Ostriker & Turok 2001

z=3 ~1 ~ 5 keV z=2

z=1 0.2 keV

Number of dark matter haloes

Number of dark matter satellites as a function of parent halo mass

Halo-density profiles steeper than NFW with sterile of 0.5 keV? Colin, Valenzuela, Avila-Reese (2008)

Haloes A and B close to the filtering Mass 3x10 12 Msun

R (kpc/h)

Concentration (ratio of the halo radius and radius which contains 1/5 of the mass) of host haloes is smaller in WDM than CDM Colin, Valenzuela, Avila-Reese (2008)

1. 2.

In WDM the accretion/formation rate of guest haloes is smaller than CDM In WDM the destruction rate of guest haloes is more efficient than CDM

In WDM models the haloes tend to form later when the universe is denser: c is lower

Numerical artifacts?

Wang & White 2007

Anomalous flux ratios in strong QUASAR gravitational lensing (cusp configuration) Miranda & Maccio 2007

DWARF GALAXIES
nu t
M/L ratios = 10-100-1000 no contaminations (hot gas) No backgrounds, precise studies of stellar velocities Ideal laboratories?

In

sh

el

You cannot put dwarf galaxies in the most massive subhaloes..

Strigari et al. 2007

Strigari et al 2008 Common mass scale 2x107 Msun this correspond to a thermal mass of ~ 6 keV

Strigari et al 2006

Fitting of the Fornax dSph core 5 globular clusters whose evolution could be explained (?) by a core of 1.5 kpc

Simon & Geha 2007 8 ultra-faint dwarf galaxies If galaxy formation in low-mass dark matter haloes is strongly suppressed after reionization there are still a factor of ~4 too few dwarf galaxies compared to CDM

m > 3.16 keV

GAS
nu t In a sh el l

Intergalactic Medium: a faithful tracer of dark matter at high-z and small scales

THEORY

80 % of the baryons at z=3 are in the Lyman- forest

Bi & Davidsen (1997), Rauch (1998)

DATA baryons as tracer of the dark matter density field IGM ~ DM

at scales larger than the Jeans length ~ 1 com Mpc

GOAL: the primordial dark matter power spectrum from the observed flux spectrum

CMB physics z = 1100 dynamics

Continuum fitting

Ly physics z<6 dynamics +

Temperature, metals, noise termodynam

ics

Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002

CMB + Lyman

Long lever arm

Constrain spectral index and shape

Relation: P (k) ??

FLUX

(k) - P

MATTER

RESULTS WARM DARK MATTER

Or if you prefer.. How cold is cold dark matter?

Lyman- and Warm Dark Matter - I

CDM GAS WDM GAS 0.5 keV

30 comoving Mpc/h z=3

In general k FS ~ 5 Tv/Tx (m x/1keV) Mpc-1

Set by relativistic degrees of freedom at decoupling

See Colombi, Dodelson, Widrow, 1996 Colin, Avila-Reese, Valenzuela 2000 Bode, Ostriker, Turok 2001 Abazajian, Fuller, Patel 2001 Wang & White 2007 Colin, Avila-Reese, Valenzuela 2008

MV, Lesgourgues, Haehnelt, Matarrese, Riotto, PRD, 2005, 71, 063534

Lyman- and Warm Dark Matter - II

P(k) = A kn T2 (k) CDM 10 eV

[P (k) WDM/P (k) CDM ]1/2

Light gravitino contributing to a fraction of dark matter

1/3

Tx T

10.75 = g (T D)
1/3

100 eV Warm dark matter

MV, Lesgourgues, Haehnelt, Matarrese, Riotto, PRD, 2005, 71, 063534

Lyman- and Warm Dark Matter - III

WARM DARK MATTER WDM 0.5 keV (light) GRAVITINO

sets the transition scale

f x is x/ DM

m < 16 eV (2) SUSY < 260 TeV MV, Lesgourgues, Haehnelt, Matarrese, Riotto, PRD, 2005, 71, 063534

Lyman- and Warm Dark Matter - IV

WDM CWDM (gravitinos) neutrinos
FLUX

MATTER

FLUX

FLUX

m WDM > 550 eV thermal > 2keV sterile neutrino

Viel et al. (2005)from high-res z=2.1 sample

m WDM > 1.5-2 keV thermal > 10-14 keV sterile neutrino
Seljak, Makarov, McDonald, Trac, PhysRevLett, 2006, 97, 191303 MV, Lesgourgues, Haehnelt, Matarrese, Riotto, PhysRevLett, 2006, 97, 071301

Lyman- and Warm Dark Matter - V

MV et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 100 (2008) 041304 SDSS + HIRES data

Tightest constraints on mass of WDM particles to date:

m WDM > 4 keV (early decoupled thermal relics)

m sterile > 28 keV

SDSS range

Completely new small scale regime

Little room for standard Dodelson-Widrow warm dark matter scenarios the cosmic web is likely to be quite cold COLD (a bit) WARM sterile 10 keV

Lighting up the universe with filaments?? Gao & Theuns (2007)

very different stellar mass function

In CDM 1 massive pristine star per halo In WDM spectrum of pristine stars with different masses H2 cooling is very important

Abazajian & Koushiappas 06 but see Boyarsky and Ruchayskiy works

SUMMARY

-Dark Matter evolution well studied in the linear regime. Non-linear evolution needs accurate simulations that have not reached firm results yet. -Dwarf galaxies are potentially very useful, but astrophysics could play a role - Lensing could be very promising for constraining some models in the near future - IGM seems to suggest that there is a significant amount of power in (slight?) tension with constraints from DSphs

Non-standard Warm Dark Matter models? 2 Dark matter component? mWDM (Strigari et al. 07)?