Homework

Laws in the middle east

There is a zero tolerance policy towards drugs and penalties for drug trafficking include the death penalty or life in jail. Penalties for possession or use of illegal drugs include imprisonment and heavy fines. The UAE has issued a warning to visitors to be aware of its strict laws against illegal drug possession. The presence of illegal drugs detected in blood or urine tests is considered possession. You may also be charged with possessing drugs if trace amounts are found on your body, clothing or luggage. Amounts of 0.05 grams or less can lead to guilty verdicts. Medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia may be illegal or considered a controlled substance in the UAE. If a person arrives with certain medication and without prior approval and the required documentation, they will not be allowed into the country and may be prosecuted. See the Health Issues section below for further details. Serious crimes, such as murder, treason and rape, may attract the death penalty. The penalty for drunkenness and defamation may involve corporal punishment where the offenders are Muslims. Australians who might engage in activities that involve local legal matters, particularly with regard to family law (divorce, child custody and child support), are strongly advised to seek professional advice and ensure they are aware of their rights and responsibilities. See also Entry and Exit Requirements below. Common law relationships, homosexual acts and prostitution are illegal and subject to severe punishment. Adultery is also a crime. Drinking or possession of alcohol for UAE residents without a UAE Ministry of Interior liquor permit is illegal and could result in arrest and imprisonment. Alcohol is served in some hotels and sold in a limited number of designated stores. Alcohol may only be purchased from stores by people who hold a liquor licence. These licences are only available to UAE residents and only permit the holder to purchase or consume alcohol in the Emirate which issued the licence (for example, a permit issued in Abu Dhabi is not valid in Dubai). Drinking in public or being intoxicated in a public place is illegal. Offenders may be arrested. It is illegal to have any alcohol in your blood when driving. It is illegal to leave the scene of a traffic accident and police must be called to all accidents.

It is illegal for UAE residents to drive without a UAE drivers licence once their residency has been granted. Fraudulent practices (bouncing cheques, non-payment of bills) may result in imprisonment or fines. Transit passengers with unpaid debts in the UAE may be detained. The penalty for preaching and distributing non-Islamic religious material to Muslims is imprisonment and deportation. It is illegal to harass women. Harassment includes unwanted conversation, prolonged stares, touching any part of the body, glaring, shouting, stalking or any comments that may offend. Taking photographs of local people, particularly women, without permission and where there has been no previous contact is illegal and can lead to arrest or fines. You should obey signs that prohibit photography of government buildings and facilities. Swearing and making rude gestures (including minor incidents of "road rage") are criminal acts in the UAE and may result in significant penalties. Some Australian criminal laws, such as those relating to money laundering, bribery of foreign public officials, terrorism and child sex tourism, apply to Australians overseas. Australians who commit these offences while overseas may be prosecuted in Australia. Australian authorities are committed to combating sexual exploitation of children by Australians overseas. Australians may be prosecuted at home under Australian child sex tourism laws. These laws provide severe penalties of up to 17 years imprisonment for Australians who engage in sexual activity with children under 16 while outside of Australia.

The Moral Code

In its "descriptive" sense, morality refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores that distinguish between right and wrong in the human society. Describing morality in this way is not making a claim about what is objectively right or wrong, but only referring to what is considered right or wrong by people. For the most part right and wrong acts are classified as such because they are thought to cause benefit or harm, but it is possible that many moral beliefs are based on prejudice, ignorance or even hatred.[clarification needed] This sense of term is also addressed by descriptive ethics. In its "normative" sense, morality refers directly to what is right and wrong, regardless of what people think. It could be defined as the conduct of the ideal "moral" person in a certain situation. This usage of the term is characterized by "definitive" statements such as "That act is immoral" rather than descriptive ones such as "Many believe that act is immoral." It is often challenged by a moral skepticism, in which the unchanging existence of a rigid, universal, objective moral "truth" is rejected, and supported by moral realism, in which the existence of this "truth" is accepted. The normative usage of the

term "morality" is also addressed by normative ethics. Morality may also be defined as synonymous with ethics, the field that encompasses the above two meanings and others within a systematic philosophical study of the moral domain. Ethics seeks to address questions such as how a moral outcome can be achieved in a specific situation (applied ethics), how moral values should be determined (normative ethics), what morals people actually abide by (descriptive ethics), what the fundamental nature of ethics or morality is, including whether it has any objective justification (meta-ethics), and how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is (moral psychology). A key issue is the meaning of the terms "moral" or "immoral". Moral realism would hold that there are true moral statements which report objective moral facts, whereas moral anti-realism would hold that morality is derived from any one of the norms prevalent in society (cultural relativism); the edicts of a god (divine command theory); is merely an expression of the speakers' sentiments (emotivism); an implied imperative (universal prescriptivism); or falsely presupposes that there are objective moral facts (error theory). Some thinkers hold that there is no correct definition of right behavior, that morality can only be judged with respect to particular situations, within the standards of particular belief systems and socio-historical contexts. This position, known as moral relativism, often cites empirical evidence from anthropology as evidence to support its claims.The opposite view, that there are universal, eternal moral truths are known as moral universalism. Moral universalists might concede that forces of social conformity significantly shape moral decisions, but deny that cultural norms and customs define morally right behavior.