Physics 212

Lecture 12
Today's Concept:
Magnetic Force on moving charges

F = qv B

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 1

Music
Who is the Artist? A) B) C) D) E) Michael McDonald Van Morrison Glenn Frey Robert Palmer David Bowie

My favorite Van the Man album Many of my friends agree that this one is on the list of 10 albums you must have on a desert island.. What does that say about my friends?? Did you know he wrote Gloria.. He did!

From Last time: Really.. Incredible Send in the Clowns By Van the Man

A Classic, Of Course !

Physics 212 Lecture 12

Your Comments
Some concepts remain confusing, such as the difference between electric fields and magnetic fields This is way conceptual. Can we make it more tangible? (I'm probably not being very original with this one) Magnets: how do they work? I'm confused as to where F=qv*B comes from understood most of it. the right hand rule part threw me off a bit. I'm still confused about how to use the right hand rule with magnetic fields. Will there be exciting demonstrations showing off the power of magnetism? Can you do a demo of a huge magnet picking up something like a car or a boat? Thanks.
05

A little at a time!

All good questions! But very deep!

You are not the only ones!

Some cool ones as we go along

We most definitely need examples. Also, every time you post an awful pun, a puppy dies. Just so you know. Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide

Key Concepts:
1) The force on moving charges due to a magnetic field. 2) The cross product.

Todays Plan:
1) Review of magnetism 2) Review of cross product 3) Example problem

05

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 4

Magnetic Observations
Bar Magnets
N S S N N N S S

Compass Needles

Magnetic Charge?
N
07

cut in half

S
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 5

Magnetic Observations
Compass needle deflected by electric current

Magnetic fields created by electric currents Direction? Right thumb along I, fingers curl in direction of B Magnetic fields exert forces on electric currents (charges in motion)
V V

I I I

F F

V
12

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 6

Magnetism & Moving Charges

All observations are explained by two equations:

F = qv B
0 I ds r dB = 2 4 r

Today

Next Week

14

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 7

Cross Product Review

Cross Product different from Dot Product AB is a scalar; A x B is a vector AB proportional to the component of B parallel to A
A x B proportional to the component of B perpendicular to A

Definition of A x B
Magnitude: ABsin Direction: perpendicular to plane defined by A and B with sense given by right-hand-rule

16

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 8

Remembering Directions: The Right Hand Rule

y x

F = qv B

F qv

B
z

17

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 9

Checkpoint 1a
Three points are arranged in a uniform magnetic field. The B field points into the screen.

1) A positively charged particle point A and at point A The direction of the A positively charged particle is located at is located is stationary. and is stationary. magnetic force on the particle is The direction of the magnetic force on the particle is:
A. right E. zero B. left C. into the screen D. out of the screen

The charge will want to go clockwise.

If the b field points in, so does the force it exerts on A.

The particle is stationary so there is no force on the particle due to the field.
18

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 10

Checkpoint 1a
Three points are arranged in a uniform magnetic field. The B field points into the screen.

1) A positively charged particle point A and at point A The direction of the A positively charged particle is located at is located is stationary. and is stationary. magnetic force on the particle is The direction of the magnetic force on the particle is:
A. right E. zero B. left C. into the screen D. out of the screen

F = qv B
The particles velocity is zero. There can be no magnetic force.
18

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 11

Checkpoint 1b
Three points are arranged in a uniform magnetic field. The B field points into the screen.

1) A positively charged particle B. The direction of the and is stationary. The positive charge moves from A towardis located at point A magnetic force on the particle is The direction of the magnetic force on the particle is:
A. right E. zero B. left C. into the screen D. out of the screen

cross product points in the positive x direction

v up, and B into the screen, using the right hand rule, F is to the left.

when current is into the screen (represented by x) the magnetic field is clockwise and magnetic force is perpendicular to that
21

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 12

Checkpoint 1b
Three points are arranged in a uniform magnetic field. The B field points into the screen.

1) A positively charged particle B. The direction of the and is stationary. The positive charge moves from A towardis located at point A magnetic force on the particle is The direction of the magnetic force on the particle is:
A. right E. zero B. left C. into the screen D. out of the screen

F = qv B
qv X B

F
21

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 13

Cross Product Practice

F = qv B

protons (positive charge) coming out of screen (+z direction) Magnetic field pointing down What is direction of force on POSITIVE charge? A) Left -x B) Right +x C) UP +y D) Down -y
y x

E) Zero

B
24

z
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 14

Motion of Charge q in Uniform B Field

Force is perpendicular to v
Speed does not change Uniform Circular Motion

Solve for R:

x vx x x
q

x x x x vx x x x x x x x
q

x Rx x x x x x Fx
q

F = qv B F = qvB

v a= R
v2 qvB = m R

x x xF x
q

xv x x x x x x

mv R= qB

x x x x xv x x Uniform B into page

30

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 15

R=

mv p = qB qB

LHC

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 16

17 miles diameter

Checkpoint 2a
The drawing below shows the top view of two interconnected chambers. Each chamber has a unique magnetic field. A positively charged particle is fired into chamber 1, and observed to follow the dashed path shown in the figure.
What is the direction of the magnetic field in chamber 1? A. up B. down C. into the page D. out of the page

The particle is pushed up initially.

Using right hand rule, v is pointing to the north, so the magnetic field points into the screen.

If the magnetic filed in chamber 1 points out of the screen, based on the right hand rule, the magnetic force points to the right, which fits the trajectory of the particle in chamber 1.
34

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 17

Checkpoint 2a
The drawing below shows the top view of two interconnected chambers. Each chamber has a unique magnetic field. A positively charged particle is fired into chamber 1, and observed to follow the dashed path shown in the figure.
What is the direction of the magnetic field in chamber 1? A. up B. down C. into the page D. out of the page

F = qv B
qv

.
B
34

F
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 18

Checkpoint 2b
The drawing below shows the top view of two interconnected chambers. Each chamber has a unique magnetic field. A positively charged particle is fired into chamber 1, and observed to follow the dashed path shown in the figure.
Compare the magnitude of the magnetic field in chamber 1 to the magnitude of the magnetic field in chamber 2 A. |B1| > |B2| B. |B1| = |B2| C. |B1| < |B2|

The radius is larger in section 2, showing it must have a weaker magnetic field the particle's motion's curvature is of the same magnitude on both sides, indicating the second derivatives are equal, thus the magnitude of the force is equal. Velocity and radius are directly related in the equation R=mv/(qB) Since the radius in chamber 2 is larger, the magnitude of magnetic field is large in chamber 2.
36

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 19

Checkpoint 2b
The drawing below shows the top view of two interconnected chambers. Each chamber has a unique magnetic field. A positively charged particle is fired into chamber 1, and observed to follow the dashed path shown in the figure.
Compare the magnitude of the magnetic field in chamber 1 to the magnitude of the magnetic field in chamber 2 A. |B1| > |B2| B. |B1| = |B2| C. |B1| < |B2|

Observation: R2 > R1

R=
36

mv qB

B1 > B2
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 20

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Conceptual Analysis
What do we need to know to solve this problem? (B) E field definition (C) V definition (E) All of the above (A) Lorentz Force Law ( F = qv B + qE )

(D) Conservation of Energy/Newtons Laws

Absolutely ! We need to use the definitions of V and E and either conservation of energy or Newtons Laws to understand the motion of the particle before it enters the B field. We need to use the Lorentz Force Law (and Newtons Laws) to determine what happens in the magnetic field.
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 21

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Strategic Analysis
Calculate v, the velocity of the particle as it enters the magnetic field Use Lorentz Force equation to determine the path in the field as a function of B Apply the entrance-exit information to determine B

Lets Do It !!

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 22

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

What is v0, the speed of the particle as it enters the magnetic field ?
vo = 2E m (A)

2qEd vo = m (B)

vo = 2ad

vo =

(C)

2qE md (D)

vo =

qEd m (E)

Why??
Conservation of Energy
Initial: Energy = U = qV = qEd Final: Energy = KE = mv02 a = F/m = qE/m v02 = 2ad
2 vo = 2

1 mv 2 = qEd o 2

vo =

2qEd m

Newtons Laws

qE d m

vo =

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 23

2qEd m

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2qEd vo = m
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

What is the path of the particle as it moves through the magnetic field?
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX (A) X X X X X X X X X XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX

(B)

(C)

Why??
Path is circle !
Force is perpendicular to the velocity Force produces centripetal acceleration Particle moves with uniform circular motion

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 24

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2qEd vo = m
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

What is the radius of path of particle?

R = xo
(A)

R = 2 xo
(B)

1 R = xo 2
(C)

mvo R= qB
(D)

2 vo R= a
(E)

Why??
R xo/2 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 25

Calculation
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
vo = 2qEd m
x0/2

exits here

E
d

R = 1 x0
2
m B=E 2qEd

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

2 B= xo

2mEd q

E B= v

1 B= xo

2mEd q

B=

mvo qxo

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Why??

F = ma

2 vo qvo B = m R

m vo B= q R

m 2 B= q xo

2qEd m

B=

2 xo

2mEd q

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 26

Follow-Up
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
x0/2

exits here

E
d

2 B= xo

2mEd q

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Suppose the charge of the particle is doubled (Q = 2q),while keeping the mass constant. How does the path of the particle change?
X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

(A)

(B)

(C) 1. q changes v changes

No slam dunk.. As Expected ! Several things going on here

2. q & v change F changes 3. v & F change R changes

Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 27

Follow-Up
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2 B= xo 2mEd q
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Suppose the charge of the particle is doubled (Q = 2q),while keeping the mass constant. How does the path of the particle change? How does v, the new velocity at the entrance, compare to the original velocity v0?
v (A) v = o 2 Why??
1 mv 2 2

v (B) v = o

(C) v = vo

(D) v = 2vo

(E) v = 2vo

2 = QEd = 2qEd = 2 1 mvo 2

2 v 2 = 2vo

v = 2vo
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 28

Follow-Up
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2 B= xo 2mEd q
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Suppose the charge of the particle is doubled (Q = 2q),while keeping the mass constant. How does the path of the particle change?
v = 2vo

How does F, the magnitude of the new force at the entrance, compare to F0, the magnitude of the original force?
(A) F = Fo

(B) F = Fo

(C) F = 2 Fo

(D) F = 2 Fo

(E) F = 2 2 Fo

Why??
F = QvB = 2q 2vo B F = 2 2 Fo
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 29

Follow-Up
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2 B= xo 2mEd q
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Suppose the charge of the particle is doubled (Q = 2q),while keeping the mass constant. How does the path of the particle change? v = 2vo F = 2 2 Fo How does R, the radius of curvature of the path, compare to R0, the radius of curvature of the original path?
R (A) R = o 2

(B) R =

Ro 2

(C) R = Ro

(D) R = 2 Ro

(E) R = 2 Ro

Why??
v2 F =m R
v2 R=m F
2 2 2vo vo R R=m =m = o 2 2 Fo 2 Fo 2
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 30

Follow-Up
A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest by an electric field E through a distance d and enters and exits a region q,m containing a constant magnetic field B at the points shown. Assume q,m,E,d, and x0 are known. What is B?
2 B= xo 2mEd q
x0/2

exits here

E
d

enters here

XXXXXXXXX X X X X X X X X X x0 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX B B

Suppose the charge of the particle is doubled (Q = 2q),while keeping the mass constant. How does the path of the particle change?
X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

(A)

(B)

(C)

Ro R= 2

A Check: (Exercise for Student) Given our result for B (above), can you show:

R=

1 2mEd B Q

R R= o 2
Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 31