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Pair Instability Supernovae and Hypernovae

AIT Journal Club Tbingen, 07/24/2003 Nicolay J. Hammer

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Overview

Introduction Pair instability Supernovae in Population III stars Summary References

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Overview 1

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Classication of Supernovae

Spectra without hydrogen lines

Supernovae Type Ia ( SN Ia ) Supernovae Type Ib ( SN Ib ) Supernovae Type Ic ( SN Ic )

Spectra with hydrogen lines

Supernovae Type II ( SN II ) M 17m 2 mag vexp 10 000 Km/s ; Etot 1051 erg
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Introduction 1

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Classication of Supernovae

Further classication of Type I Supernovae

Supernovae Type Ia ( SN Ia ) SiII lines ( e.g. 620 nm ) M 19m vexp 20 000 Km/s Etot 1053 erg complete disruption, no remnant

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Classication of Supernovae

Supernovae Type Ib ( SN Ib ) HeI lines M 17m .. 18m vexp 10 000 Km/s Supernovae Type Ic ( SN Ic ) no HeI and SiII lines M 17m .. 18m vexp 10 000 Km/s
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Lightcurves of dierent Supernovae types Zimmermann & .Weigert (1999)

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Core Collaps Supernovae

Supernovae Type II, progenitor mass M 8..13 M trigger mechanism: p + e+ n + e remnant is a Neutron Star (NS) Supernovae Type II and Ib/c, progenitor mass M 13..100 M trigger mechanism: + 56Fe 13 4He + 4 n + 4He 2 p + 2 n remnant is a NS or black hole (BH) Supernovae Type II and Ib/c, progenitor mass M trigger mechanism: e + e+ remnant seemed to be BH
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Introduction 5

100 M

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pre-Supernovae The Electronic Universe Project, University of Oregon

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Denition of Population III stars

Population III stars are the stars of the rst generation.

metallicity Z < 104 , in simulation normally set Z = 0 made from primordial material (76% H and 24% He) the initial mass function (IMF) was very dierent = a large number of stars with masses M 102 ..103 M very short lifetimes ( Myr) for the upper end of the IMF

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Pair instability Supernovae in Population III stars

super heavy Population III stars are making core collaps super- or hypernova mass of progenitor star M 140M

trigger: instability by pair production remnant seemed to be a BH mass of progenitor star 140M < M < 260M (e.g. M = 250M ) trigger: instability by pair production compete disruption, no remnant mass of progenitor star M 260M (e.g. M = 300M )

trigger: photo desintigration remnant seemed to be a BH

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Bromm et al. (2003), Fryer et al. (2001)

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progenitor star, 140 M < M < 260 M

core collaps of an Population III star with lower 260 M after He burning (Mcore 130 M ) = electron-positron pair instability = explosive O and Si burning helium core mass increases = = more 56Ni is produced stronger explosions

the explosive O and Si burning reverses the collaps into a giant nuclear-powered explosion Eexpl 1052 erg, ligth curve 1044 erg s1 and ejected 56Ni mass MNi 40 M star complete disrupted, material complete cycled back to the ISM
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progenitor star, M > 260M

core collaps of an Population III star with more than 260 M at the end of He burning (Mcore 180 M ) = photodesintegration instability = explosive O and Si burning = all energy eaten up by photodesintegration massiv BH is born inside the stare = accretion of material = magnetic eld driven jets ( 1054 erg) model is not abel to explain normal GRB ( time), but maybe a type o gamma ray transient (GRT)
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accretion rate over BH mass Fryer et al. (2001)

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jets inside the progenitor star Hydro Group, MPA

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Summary

Supernova classication Supernova explosion mechanism Pair instability Hypernovae of Pop III stars without an remnant Jet driven Hypernovae of Pop III explanation for GRT/GRB

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References
Bromm V., Yoshida N., Hernquist L., 2003, ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints Fryer C.L., Woosley S.E., Heger A., 2001, ApJ 550, 372 Zimmermann H., .Weigert A., 1999, Lexikon der Astronomie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin

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