.

.

.
1000

.
2007
.

.
30
% 70
.


:

cells photovoltaic
.
photo
voltaic .



.
semiconductors

.


.
.



.

)
)( = )( x )((
.



.

.
14 .

4
8 .

.
.
)
(doping impurities

.
)( 1:1,000,000
5
4 .




.hole

.

.
N-type
.
.

P-type
.


.
.








.

diode
.
.




.
) (

.

.
:

.

. 36

.
mohrem_abdelkrim@yahoo.fr