HEALTH BENEFITS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

HEALTH BENEFITS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

One of the greatest contribution of modern science is the preventing of communicable diseases and prolongation of human life. Some communicable disease can be treated by modern science.

1 LASER BEAM- is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process called stimulated emission. The term "laser" is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.[1][2] Laser light is usually spatially coherent, which means that the light either is emitted in a narrow,low-divergence beam, or can be converted into one with the help of optical components such as lenses. Typically, lasers are thought of as emitting light with a narrow wavelength spectrum ("monochromatic" light). This is not true of all lasers, however: some emit light with a broad spectrum, while others emit light at multiple distinct wavelengths simultaneously. The coherence of typical laser emission is distinctive. Most other light sources emit incoherent light, which has a phase that varies randomly with time and position. The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by theStimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized about the process which makes lasers possible called "Stimulated Emission." Ruby LaserIn 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. obert Hall - Semiconductor Injection LaserIn 1962, Robert Hall created a revolutionary type of laser that is still used in many of the electronic appliances and communications systems that we use every day.

2 PROTON BEAMProton radiation is a form of external-beam radiation treatment. Radiation oncologists (physicians who specialize in radiation treatments) can treat in two major ways: by implanting radioactive materials in the body [brachytherapy] or by using machines to generate beams that penetrate the body from outside [external beam]. Proton radiation is delivered by the second method. Other forms of external-beam radiation therapy include x-ray therapy and Cobalt-60 gamma-ray therapy. External beam radiation does not remain in the body. Your body does not become radioactive, and there is no risk of radiation exposure to others. Proton beam therapy is a radiation treatment that delivers high dose radiation to a very localized site. Protons, being particles instead of x-rays, slow down faster than photons. They deposit more energy as they slow down, culminating in a peak (called a Bragg peak). This allows the majority of radiation to be delivered to the target site with less scattering of radiation around and beyond to the adjacent normal tissues. Proton beams can be conformed [shaped in three dimensions] to fit the target area. The beam can be carefully shaped to the dimensions of the tumor, and so deliver most of the radiation to the targeted tumor mass, not to the surrounding normal tissue. This tissue-sparing is unique to proton beam therapy.
1929 Cyclotron invented by Ernest O. Lawrence as a way to accelerate nuclear particles to very high speeds. 60-inch cyclotron built at Berkeley Radiation Laboratory with financing from the late William H. Crocker, a University of California regent. Machine is used in creation of seven new elements. Lawrence wins Nobel Prize in physics for invention of cylotron. Lawrence protge Robert R. Wilson, a professor of physics at Harvard and designer of Harvard's cyclotron, first proposes using protons for the treatment of cancer. Berkeley Radiation Laboratory conducts extensive studies on protons and confirms predictions made by Wilson. First patient treated with protons at Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. Treatment successfully duplicated on patients in Uppsala, Sweden. Lawrence offers 60-inch cyclotron to John Jungerman, who would become the founding director of the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory at UC Davis. In collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., the Berkeley machine is modified to a 76-inch cyclotron. Harvard treats first patient in its cyclotron.

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3 IRRADIATION- is the process by which an item is exposed to radiation. The exposure can be intentional, sometimes to serve a specific purpose, or it can be accidental. In common usage the term refers specifically to ionizing radiation, and to a level of radiation that will serve that specific purpose, rather than radiation exposure to normal levels of background radiation or abnormal levels of radiation due to accidental exposure. This term also applies to non-ionizing radiation as microwaves or to low frequency (50/60 Hz power supply), high frequency (as cellular phones, radio and TV transmissions).

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. The exposure can originate from various sources, including natural sources. Most frequently the term refers to ionizing radiation, and to a level of radiation that will serve a specific purpose, rather than radiation exposure to normal levels of background radiation. The term irradiation usually excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and TV receivers and power supplies

4 X-RAY computed tomography, also Computed tomography (CT) or Computed axial tomography (CAT), is a medical imaging method employing tomographycreated by computer processing.[1] Digital geometry processing is used to generate a threedimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional Xray images taken around a single axis of rotation.[2] CT produces a volume of data that can be manipulated, through a process known as "windowing", in order to demonstrate various bodily structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the body, modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures. Although most common in medicine, CT is also used in other fields, such as nondestructive materials testing. Another example is archaeological uses such as imaging the contents of sarcophagi. Usage of CT has increased dramatically over the last two decades in many countries.[3] An estimated 72 million scans were performed in the United States in 2007.[4] It is estimated that 0.4% of current cancers in the United States are due to CTs performed in the past and that this may increase to as high as 1.5-2% with 2007 rates of CT usage;[5] however, this estimate is disputed.[6]

5 ULTRASOUND is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing. Ultrasound is thus not separated from "normal" (audible) sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults. The production of ultrasound is used in many different fields, typically to penetrate a medium and measure the reflection signature or supply focused energy. The reflection signature can reveal details about the inner structure of the medium, a property also used by animals such as bats for hunting. The most well known application of ultrasound is its use in sonography to produce pictures of fetuses in the human womb. There are a vast number of other applications as well.[1]

SUBMITTED BY:RONALYN MASONGSONG III-ASTURIAN SUBMITTED TO:MRS MARINEL ESCUETA