Assignment

Problems facing by 3rd Gender

Submitted By: Asfundyar (10022120-102)

Waqar Malik (10022120-071) Wosit Ullah (10022120-097)

Submitted To: Miss Naila Anwer BBA 2nd Semester Az University of Gujrat City Campus

3rd Gender
Definition
The terms third gender and third sex describe individuals who are categorized (by their will or by social consensus) as neither man nor woman. It can also be defined as individuals who are born with sexually deformity are known as hijra In general or in simple words, third gender refers to a person that is neither completely male nor completely female.

Names of Eunuchs
There are different names given to the eunuchs such as, in urdu they are called Hijra, Khawajasaras and in English they are called as eunuchs, Mishael Meshach, Azariah Abednego,

How our society treat with them

These poor creatures are very badly treated in our society. They are denied by their family, parents give them to communities, and they are not accepted even by society. People make fun of them.

1. People Behavior
Usually such people are not accepted even by their parents 1st and later by the society. This is a totally uncalled for behavior and may force them to adopt an indecent way of life. Instead of denial, they should be provided with an equal opportunity of education and also other facilities of life. If they are not allowed to live with normal human beings and are treated as a secondary creation, they are sure to lose the right path. It should be appreciated that they are living through certain conditions as a test not as a punishment. Love and sympathy can lead to their betterment both in faith and social status.

2. Police
If they will treat badly by the people then they cannot tell it to police, because police in spite taking any serious action, they make fun of them. The cases against the eunuchs are common. Police cannot take any serious action for them. This is very poor behavior of society with these creatures. We even forget to think that they are also humans they also have rights to live in a society and they also have rights to lead a peaceful life.

3. Education & Literature

In our society they are not well educated because it is difficult for them to study with girls or boys. If they join any institute, they are used as fun for others. So it becomes difficult for them to being educated. So they remain illiterate.

4. Not acceptable at work place

Eunuchs are not accepted to work at institutions, because they are not educated and the main reason is they are became a fun for others. It becomes difficult for them to work at different work places. The reason is similar to the reason of not getting education.

Types of Eunuchs
There are three types of eunuchs. y y y Man Eunuchs Female Eunuchs Nirban Eunuchs

Man Eunuchs
These are those who have more characteristics of men instead of women, like they also have moustache and beard, there bodys structure is just like mens body structure. But in reality they look like men but they are not men.

Woman Eunuchs
These are those eunuchs who have more characteristics of women as compared to men. They have not moustache or beard, their bodys structure is like womans body structure.

Nirban Eunuchs
They are born as normal humans but they want to live like eunuch. They may have several reasons like they think it is easy to earn like eunuch, such as by performing shows or by begging. For example a person is unable to get a job due to reason of illiterate or due to any reason. Then he or she thinks to change his or her gender and become eunuch by whom they can easily earn money by performing functions, begging, dancing etc.

Communities of eunuchs
In our societies, eunuchs of particular areas give join each other and form a community where that can easily live jointly as a family. In their community, one eunuch becomes their head who is called as Guru. Others follow him and treat with him as they are his children or students. Those are called Chelas.

Genetical problems of Eunuchs

Meiotic errors (Non-disjunction):Meiosis is an orderly occurring phenomenon, which ensures every phase with appropriate finish, but sometimes, at any point the result may be unexpected, causing abnormalities. One of such abnormalities is chromosome non-disjunction, in which chromosomes fail to segregate during anaphase and telophase and do not finish with equal distribution of chromosome among all the daughter nuclei. This results either increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes, causing serious physical, social and mental disorders. This is non-disjunction may be in autosome or in sex chromosome. Some major examples of each type are discussed below in some detail.

Downs syndrome (Mongolism):It is one of the consequences of autosomal non-disjunction in man, during which 21st pair of chromosome fails to segregate, resulting in gamete with 24 chromosomes. When this gamete, fertilizes normal gamete the new individual will have 47 (2n+1) chromosomes. Nondisjunction appears to occur in the ova and is related to the age of mother. The chances of teenage mother having Downs syndrome child is one in many thousands, of forty years old mother, one in hundred chances and by fort-five the risk is three times greater. The affected individuals have flat, broad face, squint eyes with the skin fold in the inner corner, and protruding tongue, mental retardation, and defective development of central nervous system. Autosomal non-disjunction may occur in other than 21st chromosome which usually results in abortion, or death in very early age.

Klinefelters Syndrome:These individuals have additional sex chromosome e.g., 47 chromosomes (44 autosome + XXY). They are phenotypically (the physical form of human that can be seen by human eye) male but have frequently enlarged breasts, tendency to tallness, obesity, small testes with no sperms at ejaculation and under developed secondary sex characters. Males with 48 chromosomes (44 autosomes + XXXY), with 49 chromosomes (44 autosomes + XXXY), with 49 chromosomes (44 autosomes + XXXXY) and with 47 chromosomes (44 autosomes + XYY) are also observed.

Turners syndrome:These affected individuals have one missing X chromosome with the only 45 chromosomes (44 autosomes + X). Individuals with this condition often do not survive pregnancy and are aborted. Those who survive have female appearance with short stature, webbed neck, without ovaries and complete absence of germ cells.

Trisomy: A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.

Syndrome Down Patau Edward Turner Metafemale Klinefelter Jacobs

Sex M or F M or F M or F F F M M

Chromosomes Trisomy 21 Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 XO XXX (or XXXX) XXY (OR XXXY) XYY

Frequency Abortions 1/40 1/33 1/200 1/18 0 0 ? Births 1/700 1/15,000 1/6,000 1/6,000 1/1,500 1/1,500 1/1,000

Situation of Eunuchs in Pakistan

In Pakistan, traditionally and till date people make fun of eunuchs. They have no status in the society. People invite them on their festivals, family occasions, marriages etc. but only for pleasure. Eunuchs are facing social and financial problems. They are hated by their parents; neighbors, police and even the doctors during treatment taunt them that they are ill because of their sexual behaviors. Cases of violence against eunuchs are common. People think they are bad.

Facilities of Government
From the establishment of Pakistan up to now, Government have not play any important role to facilitate them. They have not any separate school or institute to study. They were also not allowed for vote. Even they had not allowed for ID Card. But after 62 years of Pakistan, Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani allowed an ID card for them and allowed them to have a right to vote. A foundation established by the government to facilitate eunuchs called as Sathi Foundation. This foundation provides donation and different kinds of facilities.

Reasons of leaving their houses

There are several reasons due to which they left their houses. Reasons are discussed above: y y y y y Sense of Identification Confusion Denied by family They do not like restriction Parents gave them to communities

Sense of Identification
It is the 1 of the reason due to which they left their houses. They have not any sense of identification, means they are not bisexual, they are not considered as a girl or a boy. They are neglected by their family and then they are also neglected by their society. So that is why they left their houses.

Confusion
If a eunuch born in a house then from his birth to his death, it is always remains confusion that they are considered as a girl or a boy. They will study at girls school or at boys school. It remains confusion that they will be treated as girl or a boy Parents also thought, what kind or sort of name will give to them. For example a eunuch born in a house, then it becomes confusion for his family that he will be called with a girl name or with boy name.

Denied by Family
The reason of leaving their house is also that they are denied by their family. Parents refuse to accept them. Parents always criticize them in every step of life. Parents always show superiority to other children that is his brother or her sister. So this poor human being left their houses due to that kind of injustice.

Parents gave them to communities

As we study in previous heading that they are denied by family, so they left their houses, they are also being given to the communities of eunuchs by their family, due to

confusion. Parents consider that it is difficult for them to allow eunuch to stay in their house. They also think that they will become a fun for their society, so they give them to the community of eunuchs where they can easily live with other eunuchs.

They do not like restriction

These are those creatures who do not like restriction naturally. They are not bound for hijab. If their parents or their family tries to do so, they left their houses due to restrictions. They like to live without any kind of restriction. So their community a good place for them to live.

They way by which they live in our society

They have their own lives. In our society they all mostly live according to the same rules and regulations. y y y y Family Make their norms Way of earning Dividing areas

Family
In our societies they live just like a family. They have their own community, where they live. In each community they have a guru who acts like their parent or teacher and other live like his chelas who follow him.

Making their norms

They do not have any hard and fast rule to live their life. Their guru makes the norms, rules for his community which is followed by his chelas. They happily accept the norms and follow them.

Way of earning
In our society they have two ways by which they can earn. 1st way is by performing function. They can earn by performing function like on the event of marriage or on the event

of birth of a child etc. The other way of their earning is begging. They knock door by door and beg for money for their livelihood.

Dividing areas
In our society, eunuchs divide their communities of living and earning. If one community lives in a particular area, eunuch of other community is not allowed to move in their area to earn. This shows that they live according to rules and plans.

Status of eunuchs according to Islamic point of view

In Islam, there are no hard and fast rules for eunuchs like Specific directives regarding eunuchs have not been covered in the Islamic Shariah. Muslim scholars can form an opinion on this matter keeping in view the spirit of the Shariah. There are two major viewpoints regarding eunuchs. According to the first view, eunuchs will be dealt with according to their apparent traits of gender. If their physical traits relate mostly to males, for example having a beard, they would be considered male and those who have not, they would be considered as female. They are not obligated to wear the hijab and other obligations of similar nature.

Solution
There are so many problems of eunuchs in our society as we discussed. Here we have some solutions of problems relating to eunuchs. y y y y y Financial help Provide employment Family relations Need to Avoid Social Prejudice Respect

We can help eunuchs by providing them financial help, because they are poor due to not having job so government should have to give them job, providing employments to them. It is a duty of their family to accept them as their child. And it is the duty of society to respect them inspite of insulting them.