Chapter 4 (MECH of MAT)

4-4 The copper shaft id subjected to the axial loads shown. Determine the displacement of
end A with respect to end D if the diameters of each segment are
mm, mm, and mm
AB BC CD
d d d = = = 20 25 12 . Take GPa
cu
E =126 .


kN kN
kN kN kN
kN kN
x AB AB
x BC AB
x CD CD
F F F
F F F
F F F
( = + = =

( = + = =

( = + = =

0 40 0 40
0 40 50 0 10
0 30 0 30


( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
/
/
/
N m N . m N . m
Pa . m Pa . m Pa . m
. m
i i BC BC CD CD AB AB
D A
i
i i AB AB BC BC CD CD
D A
D A
FL F L F L F L
E A E A E A E A
o
o
t t t
o

= = + +

= + +
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
=

3 3 3
2 2 2
9 9 9
3
40 10 2 10 10 3 75 30 10 2 5
126 10 0 02 126 10 0 025 126 10 0 012
4 4 4
3 8484 10


/
. mm Ans.
D A
o = 3 85
4-13 A spring-supported pipe hanger consists of two springs
which are originally unstretched and have a stiffness of k =
60 kN/m, three 304 stainless steel rods, AB and CD which
have a diameter of 5 mm, and EF, which has a diameter of
12 mm, and a rigid beam GH. If the pipe and the fluid it
carries have a total weight of 4 kN, determine the
displacement of the pipe when it is attached to the support.
| |
| | ( )
| |
kN kN
kN kN
kN
y EF EF
y AG CH AG CH
y S AG S AG
F F F T
F F F F F T symmetry
F F F F F C
( = = =

( = + = = =

( = = = =

0 4 0 4
0 4 0 2
0 0 2


The displacement of pipe is from 3 parts
1. The elongation of rod EF
2. The contraction of spring (Consider force
S
F that produced the contraction in one spring)
3. The elongation of rod AG or CH (Consider force
AG
F that produced the elongation in one
rod)

( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )

N . m N . m
N
N/m
Pa . m Pa . m
.
pipe EF S AG
S AG AG EF EF
pipe
EF EF spring AG AG
pipe
pipe
FL
EA
F F L F L
E A k E A
o o o o o
o
o
t t
o

(
= + + =
(

= + +

= + +
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
=
3 3
3
3
2 2
9 9
4 10 0 75 2 10 0 75
2 10
60 10
193 10 0 012 193 10 0 005
4 4
33 867 10 m
3


. mm Ans.
pipe
o = 33 9
stainless steel GPa E = 304 193
4-21 The rigid beam is supported at its ends by
two A-36 steel tie rods. The rods have diameters
mm
AB
d =12 and . mm
CD
d = 7 5 . If the
allowable stress for the steel is
MPa
allow
o =115 , determine the intensity of the
distributed load w and its length x on the beam
so that the beam remains in the horizontal
position when it is loaded.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
. m
N where : N/m and : m
.


N w
.
A CD
CD
y AB CD
AB CD
AB
x
M F wx
wx
F w x
F F F wx
F F wx
wx
F wx
| |
( = =
|

\ .
=
( = + =

+ =
=

2
2
0 2 4 0
2
1
4 8
0 0
4 8
( ) ( ) here : N/m and : m w x 2

Given;

1. The beam remains in the horizontal position
| |

and
or
Member and will reach allowable stress at the same time
AB CD
CD CD AB AB
AB CD AB CD
AB AB CD CD
CD AB
AB CD
AB CD
FL
AE
F L F L
E E L L
A E A E
F F
A A
AB CD
o o o
o o
(
= =
(

= = =
= =


2. MPa
allow
o =115
( )

MPa
MPa
. m
. kN
AB allow
AB
AB
AB
AB
F
A
F
A
F
F
o o o
t
(
= =
(

=
=
=
2
115
115
0 012
4
13 006

( )

MPa
MPa
. m
. kN
CD allow
CD
CD
CD
CD
F
A
F
A
F
F
o o o
t
(
= =
(

=
=
=
2
115
115
0 0075
4
5 0805


From (1);
.
. N N N/m
.
wx
w
x

= =
2 3
3
2
24 386 10
5 0805 10
4 8


From (2);
( )
. .
. N N
.
.
. N . N : m
. m
.
N/m . N/m
.
x
x
x x
where x
x
x
w
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

=
=

= =
3 3 2
3
2 2
3
3 3
3
3
2
24 386 10 24 386 10
13 006 10
4 8
24 386 10
13 006 10 5 0804 10
1 3483
24 386 10
13 414 10
1 3483




. kN/m
. m Ans.
w
x
=
=
13 4
1 35

4-36 The A-36 steel pipe has an outer radius of 20 mm and an inner radius of 15 mm. If it is fits
snugly between the fixed walls before it is loaded, determine the reaction at the walls when it is
subjected to the load shown.




Compatibility;
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )

where and
. m . m

C A
B A C B
BC BC AB AB
AB BC AB BC
AB AB BC BC
A B
A B
FL
EA
F L F L
E E A A
E A E A
F F
F F
o o
o o
(
= =
(

+ =
+ = = =
+ =
=
0
0
0
0 3 0 7 0
7
2
3

Insert (2) into (1);
kN
. kN
kN . kN . kN
B B
B
A
F F
F
F
+ =
=
= =
7
16
3
4 8
16 4 8 11 2



. kN
. kN Ans.
A
A
F
F
=
=
11 2
4 8



x AB A AB A
x C BC BC C
F F F F F
F F F F F
( = + = =

( = = =

0 0
0 0
( )
Equilibrium;
kN
kN
x A B
A B
F F F
F F
( = + =

+ =

0 16 0
16 1
4-45 The distributed loading is supported by the
three suspender bars. AB and EF are made from
aluminum and CD is made from steel. If each
bar has a cross-sectional area of 450 mm
2
,
determine the maximum intensity w of the
distributed loading so that an allowable stress of
( ) MPa
allow
st
o =180 in the steel and
( ) MPa
allow
al
o = 94 in the aluminum is not
exceeded. GPa, GPa
st al
E E = = 200 70 .

Compatibility; the system is symmetry, so same
displacement at A, C, and E
( )
( )

where and
GPa GPa

al st
al al st st
al st al st
al al st st
al st
st al
FL
EA
F L F L
L L A A
E A E A
F F
F F
o o o
(
= =
(

= = =
=
=
70 200
20
2
7

Insert (2) into (1);
.
.
al al
al
st al
F F w
F w w
F F w w w
+ =
= =
= = = =
20
2 3
7
21
0 61765
34
20 20 21 30
1 7647
7 7 34 17
Because and
st al st al
F F A A ~ = 3 , the stress in steel is 3 times of in aluminum while
allow allow
st al
o o ~ 2 ,
therefore the system is controlled by steel.
Case 1; Assume steel failed
MPa
Pa
m
. N/m
allow
st st
st
st
F
A
w
w
o o

s
s
s

s
1
6
6 2
3
1
180
30
17
180 10
450 10
45 9 10

Case 2; Assume aluminum failed
MPa
Pa
m
. N/m
allow
al al
al
al
F
A
w
w
o o

s
s
s

s
2
6
6 2
3
2
94
21
34
94 10
450 10
68 486 10


Because w w <
1 2
; so the system is controlled by steel member and the maximum intensity w is 45.9
kN/m Ans.
( ) ( )
( )
Equilibrium;
. m . m



C E A
E A al
y al st
al st
M F F
F F F
F F F w
F F w
( = =

= =
( = + =

+ =

0 1 5 1 5 0
0 2 3 0
2 3 1
4-112 The rigid link is supported by a pin at A and
two A-36 steel wires, each having an unstretched
length of 300 mm and cross-sectional area of 7.8
mm
2
. Determine the force developed in the wires
when the link supports the vertical load of 1.75 kN.

Equilibrium;
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
. kN mm mm mm
. . kN
A B C
B C
M F F
F F
( = =

+ =

0 1 75 150 100 225 0

2 25 2 625 1

Compatibility;
From similar triangle
( )
( )

mm mm
.
. where and
.
C B
C B
C C B B
C B C C B B
C C B B
C B
FL
AE
F L F L
L L A E A E
A E A E
F F
o o
o
o o
(
= =
(

=
= = =
=
225 100
2 25
2 25
2 25 2

Insert (2) into (1);
( )
( )
. . . kN
. kN
. . . kN . kN
B B
B
C B
F F
F
F F
+ =
=
= = =
2 25 2 25 2 625
0 43299
2 25 2 25 0 43299 0 97423



. kN
. kN Ans.
B
C
F
F
=
=
0 433
0 974

4-84 The rigid block has a weight of 400 kN and is to be
supported by posts A and B, which are made of A-36 steel,
and the post C, which is made of C83400 red brass. If all the
posts have the same original length before there are loaded,
determine the average normal stress developed in each post
when post C is heated so that its temperature is increased by
10
o
C. Each post has a cross-sectional area of 5000 mm
2
.

Compatibility; The system is symmetry, the displacement of all bars are same
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
o o

where and
/ C C
m Pa m Pa
. N
.
A B
st st B B
br B st B st B
st st B brass
st B
B st
B st
FL
AE
F L F L
TL L L A A
A E A E
F F
F F
F F
o o o
o

(
= =
(

= + A = =
= +

=
= +
6
6 2 9 6 2 9
18 10 10
5000 10 200 10 5000 10 101 10
0 505 90900
90900 0 505 ( ) 2

Insert (2) into (1);
( )
( )
N . N
. N
N . N . . N . N
st st
st
B st
F F
F
F F
+ + =
=
= + = + =
3
3
3 3
2 90900 0 505 400 10
123 39 10
90900 0 505 90900 0 505 123 39 10 153 21 10

Determine the stress in each post;

. N
. MPa
mm
. N
. MPa
mm
st
A C
B
B
F
A
F
A
F
A
o
o o
o
(
=
(

= = = =

= = =
3
2
3
2
123 39 10
24 678
5000
153 21 10
30 642
5000


. MPa and . MPa Ans.
A C B
o o o = = = 24 7 30 6
( ) ( )
( )
Equilibrium;
m m

kN
kN
G C A
A C st
y st B
st B
M F F
F F F
F F F
F F
( = =

= =
( = + =

+ =

0 1 1 0
0 2 400 0
2 400 1
4-114 The 2014-T6 aluminum rod has a
diameter of 12 mm and is lightly attached to
the rigid supports at A and B when T
1
=25
o
C. If
the temperature becomes T
2
= -20
o
C, and an
axial force of P = 80 N is applied to the rigid
collar as shown, determine the reactions at A
and B.

Compatibility;
( )
( )

where and
. m
. P
B A
C A B C
Force Temp Force Temp
C A C A B C B C
AC AC BC BC
AC AC BC BC AC BC al AC BC
AC AC BC BC
A
FL
EA
F L F L
TL TL E E E A A
E A E A
F
o o
o o
o o o o
o o
(
= =
(

+ =
( ( + + + =

( (
+ A + + A = = = =
( (

9
0
0
0
0
0 125
73 1 10
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )
o o o
o o o
/ C C C . m
a . m
. m
/ C C C . m
. Pa . m
. N
. N
B
B A
B A
F
F F
F F
t
t

(
(
( +
| |
(
|
(
\ .
(
(

( + + =
| |
(

|
(
\ .
=
=
6
2
6
2
9
23 10 20 25 0 125
0 012
4
0 2
23 10 20 25 0 2 0
73 1 10 0 012
4
0 625 13905
0 625 13905 2
Insert (2) into (1);
( )
( )
. N N
. N
. N . . N N . N
A A
A
B A
F F
F
F F
+ =
=
= = =
0 625 13905 80
8606 15
0 625 13905 0 625 8606 15 13905 8525 2


. kN and . kN Ans.
A B
F F = = 8 61 8 53
Chapter 5 (MECH of MAT)


x AC A AC A
x BC B BC B
F F F F F
F F F F F
( = = =

( = = =

0 0
0 0
( )
Equilibrium;
N
N
x A B
A B
F F F
F F
( = + =

+ =

0 80 0
80 1
o
For 2014-T6 aluminum, / C, . GPa
al al
E o

= =
6
23 10 73 1

5-12 The solid shaft is fixed to the support at C
and subjected to the torsional loading shown.
Determine the shear stress at points A and B and
sketch the shear stress on volume elements
located at these points.


( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
. m N.m . m
. Pa
. m . m
. m N.m . m
. Pa
. m . m
A
B
T
J
T
T

t
t
t t
t
t t
(
=
(

= = =
= = =
2 6
4 4
1 6
4 4
0 035 500 0 035
7 4241 10
0 035 0 035
2 2
0 02 800 0 02
6 7878 10
0 035 0 035
2 2





. MPa
. MPa Ans.
A
B
t
t
=
=
4 45
6 79
N.m 800
N.m 300
C
T
N.m 800
N.m 800
N.m 300
T
1
T
2
N.m
N.m
x
M T
T
( = =

=
1
1
0 800 0
800
x
N.m N.m
N.m
x
M T
T
( = + =

=
2
2
0 800 300 0
500
5-13 A steel tube having an outer diameter of 62.5 mm is used to transmit 3 kW when turning
at 27 rev/min. Determine the inner diameter d of the tube to the nearest multiples of 5 mm if
the allowable shear stress is MPa.
allow
t = 70


| |
( )( )( )
W
N.m
rev/min rad/rev min/ sec
P T
P
T
e
e t t
=

= = =
3
3 10 10000
27 2 1 60 3


| |
( )
max

. m
Pa
. m
. m
allow
allow
Tc J
Tc
J
d
d
t t t
t
t
t

s =
s
| || |
| |
\ .\ .
s
(

>
6
4
4
3
10000 0 0625
3 2
70 10
0 0625
32
56 8345 10



mm Ans. d = 60
5-56 The motor delivers 32 kW to the 304 stainless steel
solid shaft while it rotates at 20 Hz. The shaft has a
diameter of 37.5 m and is supported on smooth bearings
at A and B, which allow free rotation of the shaft. The
gears C and D fixed to the shaft remove 20 kW and 12
kW, respectively. Determine the absolute maximum
stress in the shaft and the angle of twist of gear C with
respect to gear D.





























| |
( )
( )
( )
W
N.m
Hz
W
N.m
Hz
W
N.m
Hz
C
D
P T
P
T
P
T
P
T
e
e t t
e t t
e t t
=

= = =

= = =

= = =
3
3
3
32 10 800
2 20
20 10 500
2 20
12 10 300
2 20

Determine the internal load in each section;


N.m
x AC
AC
M T T
T T
t
( = =

= =

0 0
800


N.m N.m
x CD C
CD C
M T T T
T T T
t t t
( = + =

= = =

0 0
800 500 300



x BD
BD
M T
T
( = =

=

0 0
0


Determine the shear stress in each section;

( )
( )
. m
N.m
. Pa
. m
. m
N.m
. Pa
. m
AC
AC
CD
CD
BD
BD
Tc
J
T c
J
T c
J
T c
J
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
(
=
(

| || |
| |
\ .\ .
= = =
| || |
| |
\ .\ .
= = =
= =
6
4
6
4
800 0 0375
2
24 593 10
0 0375
32
300 0 0375
2
9 2225 10
0 0375
32
0


Angle of twist;
( )
( ) ( )
o
N.m . m
. rad .
Pa . m
CD CD
CD
CD CD
TL
GJ
T L
G J
|
t
|
t
(
=
(

| |
|
\ .
= = = =

4
9
300
0 2
0 0013116 0 075152
75 10 0 0375
32




max
o
. MPa
. CCW Ans.
CD
t
|
=
=
24 6
0 0752

5-66 The device serves as a compact torsion
spring. It is made of A-36 steel and consists of
a solid inner shaft CB which is surrounded by
and attached to a tube AB using a rigid ring at
B. The ring at A can also be assumed rigid and
is fixed from rotating. If the allowable shear
stress for the material is MPa
allow
t = 84 and
the angle of twist at C is limited to
o
allow
| = 3 ,
determine the maximum torque T that can be
applied at the end C.


Case 1; Consider MPa
allow
t = 84 in tube AB
| |
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
max

. m
MPa
. m . m
. m
Pa
. m . m
. N.m . N.m
AB allow
tube
case
Tc J
T
T
T T
t t t
t
t
s =
s
(

s
(

s s
4 4
6
4 4
1
0 025
84
0 025 0 01875
2
0 025
84 10
0 025 0 01875
2
1409 34 1409 34
Case 1; Consider MPa
allow
t = 84 in shaft BC
| |
( )
( )
( )
( )
max

. m
MPa
. m
. m
Pa
. m
. N.m . N.m
BC allow
shaft
case
Tc J
T
T
T T
t t t
t
t
s =
s
s
s s
4
6
4
2
0 0125
84
0 0125
2
0 0125
84 10
0 0125
2
257 71 257 71

Case 3; Consider
o
allow
| = 3
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
o
o
and
. m . m
radian
Pa . m . m Pa . m
. N.m
c allow c B A C B
shaft shaft
tube tube
allow
tube tube shaft shaft
TL GJ
T L
T L
G J G J
T T
T
| | | | | |
|
t
t t
(
s = + =

+ s

+ s
(


s
4 4 4
9 9
0 3 0 6
3
180
75 10 0 025 0 01875 75 10 0 0125
2 2
240 02 . N.m
case
T s
3
240 02


Because ,
case case case
T T T <
3 2 1
, therefore the system is controlled by
allow
| and
max
N.m T = 240 Ans.


x tube tube
x shaft shaft
M T T T T
M T T T T
( = = =

( = = =

0 0
0 0
5-77 The shaft is made of L2 tool steel, has a
diameter of 40 mm, and is fixed at its ends A and B.
If it is subjected to the couple, determine the
maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB.

Equilibrium;
( )
N.m
N.m


x A B
A B
x AC A AC A
x BC B BC B
M T T
T T
M T T T T
M T T T T
( = =

+ =
( = = =

( = = =

0 200 0
200 1
0 0
0 0


Compatibility;
| |
( )
( ) ( )
( )

where
. m . m

B A
C A B C
AC AC BC BC
AC AC BC BC
AC AC BC BC
A B
A B
TL GJ
T L T L
G J G J
G J G J
T T
T T
| |
| |
= =
+ =
+ = =
=
=
0
0
0
0 4 0 6 0
3
2
2

Insert (2) into (1);
( )
N.m
N.m
N.m N.m
B B
B
A B
T T
T
T T
+ =
=
= = =
3
200
2
80
3 3
80 120
2 2

Shear stress in each section;
| |
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
N.m . m
. Pa
. m
N.m . m
. Pa
. m
AC
AC
BC
BC
Tc J
T c
J
T c
J
t
t
t
t
t
=
= = =
= = =
6
4
6
4
120 0 04 2
9 5493 10
0 04
32
80 0 04 2
6 3662 10
0 04
32

. MPa
. MPa Ans.
AC
BC
t
t
=
=
9 55
6 37
5-79 The shaft is made from a solid steel section AB
and a tubular portion made of steel and having a brass
core. If it is fixed to a rigid support at A, and a torque
of T = 50 N.m is applied to it at C, determine the
angle of twist that occurs at C and compute the
maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain in
the brass and steel. Take GPa, GPa
st br
G G = = 80 40 .

Consider section BC;
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
N.m N.m
;
where
GPa . m . m GPa . m

x br st br st
st br
st st br br
st br
st st br br
st br
st br
M T T T T
Compatibility
T L T L
L L
G J G J
T T
T T
| |
t t
( = = + =

=
= =
=
(

4 4 4
0 50 0 50 1
80 0 02 0 01 40 0 01
2 2
30 2

Insert (2) into (1);
N.m
N.m
N.m N.m
br br
br
st br
T T
T
T T
+ =
=
| |
= = =
|
\ .
30 50
50
31
50 1500
30 30
31 31

Determine the deformation of section BC;
( )
( ) ( )
o
N.m m
. rad . CW
Pa . m
br br
BC
br br
T L
G J
|
t
| |
|
\ .
= = = =

4
9
50
1
31
0 0025670 0 14708
40 10 0 01
2

Consider section AB;
( )( )
( ) ( )
o
N.m N.m
N.m . m
. rad . CW
Pa . m
x AB AB
AB AB
B A
AB AB
M T T
T L
G J
|
t
( = = =

= = = =

4
9
0 50 0 50
50 1 5
0 0037302 0 21372
80 10 0 02
2

Determine the rotation at end C;
o
. rad . rad
. rad .
C C B B A
C
| | |
|
= + = +
= =
0 0025670 0 0037302
0 0062972 0 36080


Determine the stress and strain in steel;
( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )

N.m . m
. Pa
. m
N.m . m
. Pa
. m . m
. Pa
. rad
Pa
AB AB
st
AB
BC st
st st
BC
BC
BC st
st
Tc
J
T c
J
T c
J
G
t
t
t
t
t
t

(
=
(

= = =
| |
|
\ .
= = =
(

= = =

6
4
6
4 4
6
6
9
50 0 02
3 9789 10
0 02
2
1500
0 02
31
4 1072 10
0 02 0 01
2
4 1072 10
51 340 10
80 10


Determine the stress and strain in brass;
( )
( )

N.m . m
. Pa
. m
. Pa
. rad
Pa
BC br
br br
BC
BC
BC br
br
Tc
J
T c
J
G
t
t
t
t

(
=
(

| |
|
\ .
= = =

= = =

6
4
6
6
9
50
0 01
31
1 0268 10
0 01
2
1 0268 10
25 670 10
40 10



o
. CW Ans.
C
| = 0 361
max
max
max
max
. MPa in section
. rad in section
. MPa
. rad Ans.
st
st
br
st
BC
BC
t

=
=
=
=
6
6
4 11
51 3 10
1 03
25 7 10