HeatI

Terms
Heat=Flowofthermalenergy Heat=Flowofthermalenergy Temperature=measureofthethermal Temperature=measureofthethermal energyinasystem energyinasystem So,whatisthermalenergy? So,whatisthermalenergy?
animation animation

Terms thermalenergy=randomkineticenergy thermalenergy=randomkineticenergy ofacollectionof ofacollectionof atoms/molecules atoms/molecules =>Temperature=measureoftheaverage =>Temperature=measureoftheaverage randomkineticenergy randomkineticenergy ofacollectionof ofacollectionof atoms/molecules atoms/molecules

Terms
Heat=Flowofthermalenergy Heat=Flowofthermalenergy thermalenergy=randomkineticenergyofa thermalenergy=randomkineticenergyofa collectionofatoms/molecules collectionofatoms/molecules

=>Temperature=measureoftheaveragerandom =>Temperature=measureoftheaveragerandom kineticenergyofacollectionofatoms/molecules kineticenergyofacollectionofatoms/molecules

=>Heat=flowofrandomkineticenergy =>Heat=flowofrandomkineticenergy fromacollectionof fromacollectionof atoms/molecules atoms/molecules

!!!!!!!!!!!!ClickerQuestions!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!ClickerQuestions!!!!!!!!!!!

1. In stream A, water at 12ooC flows at 10 1. In stream A, water at 12 C flows at 10 cm/s. cm/s. In stream B, water at 10ooC flows at 12 In stream B, water at 10 C flows at 12 cm/s. cm/s. Which stream has more thermal energy? Which stream has more thermal energy? A Stream A A Stream A B Stream B B Stream B C Neither; Both have the same thermal C Neither; Both have the same thermal energy. energy. D Unable to determine. D Unable to determine.

A A

2. In stream A, water at 10ooC flows at a speed of 12 cm/s. 2. In stream A, water at 10 C flows at a speed of 12 cm/s. In stream B, water at 10ooC flows at a speed of 14 cm/s. In stream B, water at 10 C flows at a speed of 14 cm/s. Which stream has more thermal energy? Which stream has more thermal energy? A Stream A A Stream A B. Stream B B. Stream B C Neither; Both have the same thermal energy. C Neither; Both have the same thermal energy. D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

C C

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?
Temperature increased!!! Cold Ice Cool Ice

Thermal energy (heat) flowed into the ice causing its temperature to increase

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature did not change!!!! Ice Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed into the ice causing it to change phase (i.e. melt)

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature increased!!! Cool Water Hot Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed into the cold water causing it to increase temperature.

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature did not change!!! Steam Hot Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed into the hot water causing it change phase (from a liquid to a gas) to steam.

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature increased!!! Steam HOT Steam

Thermal energy (heat) flowed into the steam causing an increased temperature.

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature did not change!!! Steam

Hot Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed out of the steam causing it change phase (from a gas) to a liquid

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature decreased!!! Cool Water Hot Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed out of the hot water causing it to decrease temperature.

Whatcanheatdo? Whatcanheatdo?

Temperature did not change!!!! Ice Cool Water

Thermal energy (heat) flowed out of the water changing it from a liquid to a solid (i.e. a phase change).

RelationshipbetweenHeatandTemperature RelationshipbetweenHeatandTemperature
Whatwillhappenwhenyouheatanobject Whatwillhappenwhenyouheatanobject (sayametalblock)? (sayametalblock)?
Gas (Vapor) Warming Gas Ionizing

Temperature (T) [oC]

Solid Warming

Solid Melting

Liquid Warming

Liquid Boiling

...

Heat Added (Q) [J]

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ClickerQuestions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ClickerQuestions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

How does the temperature of an ice-cube How does the temperature of an ice-cube change as it melts? change as it melts? A It increases A It increases B It decrease B It decrease C C C It does not change C It does not change D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

How does the temperature of an ice-cube How does the temperature of an ice-cube change as it melts? change as it melts? A It increases A It increases B It decrease B It decrease C C C It does not change C It does not change D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

How does the temperature of steam that How does the temperature of steam that condenses onto a cold glass change? condenses onto a cold glass change? A The temperature of the steam increases A The temperature of the steam increases B The temperature of the steam decreases B The temperature of the steam decreases C The temperature of the steam does not C The temperature of the steam does not change change D Unable to determine with the given D Unable to determine with the given information. information.

C C

How does the thermal energy of an ice-cube How does the thermal energy of an ice-cube change as it melts? change as it melts? A The ice-cube's thermal energy increases A The ice-cube's thermal energy increases B The ice-cube's thermal energy decreases B The ice-cube's thermal energy decreases C The ice-cube's thermal energy does not C The ice-cube's thermal energy does not change. change. D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

A A

As steam condenses onto a cold glass, how does As steam condenses onto a cold glass, how does the thermal energy of the steam change? the thermal energy of the steam change? A The steam's thermal energy increases A The steam's thermal energy increases B The steam's thermal energy decreases B The steam's thermal energy decreases C The steam's thermal energy does not change C The steam's thermal energy does not change D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

B B

As steam condenses on a cold glass, how does As steam condenses on a cold glass, how does the thermal energy of the glass change? the thermal energy of the glass change? A The glass' thermal energy increases A The glass' thermal energy increases B The glass' thermal energy decreases B The glass' thermal energy decreases C The glass' thermal energy remains the same C The glass' thermal energy remains the same D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

A A

8 As an ice-cube melts on a table top, how does 8 As an ice-cube melts on a table top, how does the thermal energy of the table top change? the thermal energy of the table top change? A The thermal energy of the table top increases. A The thermal energy of the table top increases. B The thermal energy of the table top decreases. B The thermal energy of the table top decreases. C The thermal energy of the table top remains the C The thermal energy of the table top remains the same. same. D Unable to determine D Unable to determine

B B

9 As an ice-cube melts on a table top, how does 9 As an ice-cube melts on a table top, how does the temperature of the table top change? the temperature of the table top change? A The temperature of the table top increases. A The temperature of the table top increases. B The temperature of the table top decreases. B The temperature of the table top decreases. C The temperature of the table top does not C The temperature of the table top does not change. change. D Unable to determine. D Unable to determine.

B B

10 As steam condenses on a cold glass, how does 10 As steam condenses on a cold glass, how does the temperature of the cold glass change? the temperature of the cold glass change? A A B B C C D D The temperature of the glass decreases The temperature of the glass decreases The temperature of the glass increases The temperature of the glass increases The temperature of the glass does not change The temperature of the glass does not change Unable to determine Unable to determine

A A

Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes

Cool Water T = Ti Amount of heat in water = Q Q= m c w T i cw = heat capacity of water i.e. How much heat energy (in Joules) is in the water m = mass of Water (in kg)

Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes

Cool Water T = Ti

Q i =m c w T i

Q f =m c w T f

Hot Water T = Tf

Qadded
Q i Q added =Q f Q added =Q f Q i = Q Q= m c w T f m c w T i Q= m c w T f T i

Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes

Ice o T=0 C

Cool Water o T=0 C Qremove

Q removed =md f L

Lf = latent heat of fusion Lf = how much heat must be removed for water to change phase

Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes

Example: Ice is added to 200 g of water at 10 C. What is the final temperature of the water and the melted ice is 10 g is ice is added? J mw =200 g =0.200 kg c w =4186 kg o C m I =10 g =0.0100 kg 4 J o L f = 33.510 T i =10 C kg T f =?
(Initial heat of 10 C water) - (heat used to melt ice) = (heat remaining in melted ice and water) mw c w T i m I L f = mw m I c w T f
o

Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes Quantifying Temperature and Phase Changes

Example: Ice is added to 200 g of water at 10 C. What is the final temperature of the water and the melted ice is 10 g is ice is added? J c w =4186 o mw =200 g =0.200 kg kg C m I =10 g =0.0100 kg 4 J o L f = 33.510 T i =10 C kg T f =? mw c w T i m I L f = mw m I c w T f
J 4 J o 0.2 kg 4186 10 C 0.010 kg 33.510 o kg kg C J = 0.2 kg 0.010 kg 4186 T f o kg C