foreword

Thank God we prayed to the presence of God Almighty, who had transferred all grace and hidayahNya. so the book Guidelines for Writing Thesis can be published with a smooth and well Thesis Writing Guidebook is organized with a view to serve as guidelines for the Supervisor and Student preparation of a quality thesis sesusai with scientific principles, commonly adopted in the preparation of scholarly work. The preparation of this book also intended as one of the institution's commitment ujut in implement quality assurance (quality assurance), especially in academic field, the goal ultimately is to give birth to a graduate quality, superior, and able to compete in the global competition Thanks and high appreciation we submit to the Quality Assurance Task Unnes Faculty of Economics, that very diligently and earnestly has compiled and preparing this manuscript, thanks goes to on all parties who had helped the smooth preparation and publication of this book. May God Almighty give excessive reward for all the services that have been sacrificed Ladies May God the Almighty, always merakhmati and meridloi our efforts, to continue to improve the academic quality of time. amen Semarang, July 2009 Dean FE Unnes Drs. Wahyudin Agus, M. Si NIP. 131658236

DEAN FACULTY OF ECONOMIC REGULATION SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY NUMBER: 17/PP/2009 ABOUT GUIDELINES FOR WRITING STUDENTS FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SKRIPSI weigh BY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY STATE UNIVERSITY DEAN SEMARANG

1.that in order to improve the quality of the thesis for Faculty of Economics Unnes, need guidance clearly set about writing the thesis; that in order to support the achievement of the efforts in item 1, deemed necessary to set guidelines for thesis writing; upon consideration of the in points 1 and 2, need to be set Dean Regulations Thesis Writing Guidelines for Students Faculty of Economics; Law - Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 Year 2003 on the System of National Education (Additional State Gazette Year 2003 Number 4301, Explanation of Supplement No. 78); 2.

3. remember : 1. 2. Regulation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60 Year 1999 on Higher Education (State Gazette No. 1999. 115, Additional State Gazette No.3859); 3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia; a. Number 271 Year 1965, on Ratification of the Establishment IKIP Semarang; b. Number 124 of 1999 concerning Amendment to the Institute Teacher Training and Education (Teachers' Training College) in Semarang, Bandung and Medan to the University; Rector of State University of Semarang a. Number 16/O/2006 on Implementation of Education at State University of Semarang;

b. Number 59/O/2006 on Enhancing Programs Economics Faculty of Social Sciences to the Faculty Economy (Self) Semarang State University; c. Number 60/O/2006 on the Appointment of Officers in

Faculty of Economics (Self-Help) University Semarang State. : 1. Cluster Meeting Results Quality Assurance Faculty of Economics Semarang State University April 1, 2009 The results of the Faculty Senate meeting of the State University of Economics Semarang date 30 April 2009 2. DECIDED set : Guidelines for Faculty Writing Thesis Economics, State University of Semarang Article 1

Thesis guidelines for students of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Semarang is as defined in the annex to this rule. Article 2 All rules related to writing of all has not been changed and not inconsistent with this rule shall remain in force. Article 3 These regulations come into force from the date of enactment. Defined in Hyderabad on : June 1, 2009 dean Drs. Wahyudin Agus, M. Si NIP. 131658236 This rule be submitted to: 1. Assistant Dean 2. Chairman of the Department 3. Head of Administration 4. Head of Administration in the Faculty of Economics, State University of Semarang

GUIDELINES FOR WRITING SKRIPSI FACULTY OF ECONOMICS SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION Thesis is a scientific paper written by students of undergraduate level (S1) based on the results of field research, and laboratory testing. Writing of must meet the code of ethics of writing scientific papers. Code of conduct in question is a set of norms that apply in writing scientific papers. Norms that must be observed and adhered to, among other concerns citation and referral, licensing of materials used, mention of data source or informant, as well as shape the rule selingkung and the format, structure, contents, paper size and font, as well as Indonesian well and right (EYD). Must use a variety of writing of scientific language. In writing scientific papers, authors should honestly meyebutkan material referral or the thoughts of others taken from the source. The use of materials or thoughts from the source or any other person without a referral,

including fraud or theft because it recognizes the writing, findings or results of other people's thinking as the intellectual work itself. Author of scientific works should refrain of plagiarism activities. Author of scientific papers have to ask permission, if using the material from someone or a source belongs to someone else (preferably in writing). If the owner of the material can not be reached, the author must specify the source and explain whether the material was taken as a whole, in part, modified, or developed. Name of informant or informants should be considered not to be inclusion can be detrimental if the informant or informants who concerned. Instead informant or the informant's name can be replaced with a particular code. After this introductory section, described in a row format and write procedures Thesis. The presentation of this description is based on the assumption that being Thesis on essentially the same as other scientific works. Therefore, the description using the general pattern applicable and different parts are considered as a characteristic of selingkung rule. Thesis is a scientific paper that intended for the consumption of the academic community. Therefore,

the writing works These tend to be technical and scientific standard, both the format and layout he wrote.

FORMAT SKRIPSI
Thesis structure or shape can be broken down into 3 (three) parts, namely the earlier, the principal, and the final part. The initial part of the cover up begins the page before the introductory chapter. Main part starts from introduction (Chapter I) to cover (Chapter V), and after it is section final. A. Early sections The early part of Thesis consists of: cover, blank sheets of the State University logo Semarang diameter 10 cm, the title sheet, consent form guide known to Chairman of the Department, endorsement sheet testers are known to the Dean, sheet statement, motto, and the offering sheet (if any), juice (abstract) in Indonesian and English, preface, table of contents, list of abbreviations and technical marks (if any), list of tables (if any), list of images (if any), and a list of attachments (if any). Early part of this sheet is numbered pages with small Roman letters the middle foot of the page. Starts counting page numbers from the sheet title (not cover) until the sheet before the introductory chapter, but which are numbered starting from sheet juice.

1. Cover
At the top center of the cover there is a logo of the State University of Semarang, diameter 5 cm. Beneath the title is written with bold capital letters size 16 pt Times New Roman font with kwarto size paper. In SKRIPSI words written underneath the capital letters printed in bold size of 14 pt Times New Roman font, followed on the next line with sentence which reads "To Acquire Bachelor" (fill the name of the program studies) at the State University of Semarang (font size 12 pt font Times New Roman). For more details see the attachment. Underneath is written with a font size 12 pt font Times New Roman. Words: By (without punctuation) written under it again and in the name again lower NIM. At the foot of the page was written with bold capital letters font size 15 pt Times New Roman successive name: Faculty Economics, Department of ... and Final Year Exam (write the number of years), respectively on different lines. All the writings on the cover page using the letters upright and arranged in symmetrical with matching composition. The cover is made of thick material. Example see the cover of Annex I and 2 of this guideline. Affixed logo on the back cover (standing), name and NIM (lengthwise), Title (lengthwise), as well as writing Thesis and year by using the letters size 10 pt Times New Roman font. Example see Appendix 3 guidelines

cover this.

2.Logo Sheet
Blank sheet bearing a barrier between the cover and title page.

3.Title page
This sheet contains writings such as cover sheets, and printed on paper HVS white quarto with the lowest weights 80 grams.

4.Approval of Supervisor
The sheet is titled APPROVAL OF COACH (written in the middle top with upright capital letters) and contains the following statement: This paper has been agreed to be tested. Furthermore, listed below Semarang, (filled date, month and year of approval) and below it provided a place for signature of supervisor with a complete guide listed by name his degree and NIP and unknown Chairman of the Department. Sample Approval Sheet Mentors see Annex 3 of this guideline.

5.Ratification of Graduation
The sheet is titled CERTIFICATION graduation (written at the top center with upright capital letters) and contains the following statement: This paper has been maintained in the presence of Thesis Examiners Committee Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang State on the day ..., dated ... name of the month and year. Further

provided a place for the signature of the Chairman and Members of the testers, along with the name complete with its title and NIP as well known to the Dean. Sample sheets Approval of Examiners see Appendix 4 of this guideline.

6.Statement
The sheet is titled STATEMENT (written at the top center of the letter capital upright) and contains a statement that the Thesis work (research and writing), not someone else made, and no trace of scientific work another, either partially or wholly. In this statement must be signed sheet handle student. Example Sheet Statement in Annex 5 guidelines this.

7.Motto and Offerings

If there is, this sheet titled MOTTO and offerings (written at the middle of the upright with a capital letter). The motto is an expression of wise to life, which relates to the title chosen thesis. Offerings are statement that scientific work is dedicated to anyone. Fill with the motto Times New Roman font. Arranged in a harmonious, well mannered, reasonable and not leave the academic ethics. Sample sheets and Offerings see Motto Appendix 6 of this guideline.

8.Foreword
The sheet is titled Foreword (written at the top center of the letter

capital upright). In the preface to be put forward expressions of gratitude, though the principal is the thanks and appreciation to the people, institution, or other, directly or indirectly assist the implementation of research and thesis writing. A big thank you to the person's written explicitly, that is direct mention its name and title, without prior with Father / Mother. A big thank you to parents and people Other deserving offerings placed on the page. In the preface there should be no statement that the author believes that there many errors or deficiencies in the thesis and on the basis that the authors ask sorry, and expect criticism from readers. If the authors believe that the thesis that still a lot of mistakes or shortcomings, it must be repaired before test because scientific errors can not be resolved with an apology. Anyway hope that criticism because the thesis is not required for scientific work were tested. Preface the text typed with double spacing, as well as the main manuscript. Foreword should not exceed two pages. At the end of the preface to the text are listed name of the city where thesis was written, date, month and year with a distance of 4 spaces from the last row and written on the bottom right. Underneath is

written the word Compiler, without the name of light. Should pay attention to parallelism. Writing the preface text using a formal language, do not leave rules scientific writing.

9.SariandAbstract
This sheet was given the title of SARI (written at the top center of the capital letter upright). Below, with double spacing listed author last name, followed by a comma, then first name and middle (if any), years pass, followed by the title of thesis (in italics), followed by writing Bachelor ... (Filled with Course name), State University of Semarang, the names of mentors, and ... It (the number of pages filled with thesis). Between the one with others are separated by periods. On the next new line included Keywords: (ranging from three to with five words) with double spacing. On the next line, with double spacing extract text written with a space one. Contents include background issues juice, formula or focus problems and objectives, approaches and methods used, results obtained, conclusions, and suggestions. Items that should be written in the paragraph

different, with no possibility of refusing to break down a particular item to poured in different paragraphs if necessary. Text juice should not be more than two pages quarto. Sample extracts see Appendix 7 these guidelines.

10.tableofcontents
Table of contents includes titles that are in the early part of the thesis starts title page to the list of tables, list of images, a list of attachments if any), the content (subject) thesis began the first chapter to the last and subchapters and children sub-chapters each, and the title at the end of the thesis. Except for the title of subchapters and children of sub-chapters, all typed in capital letters. The titles were followed by the points along the line, followed by the page number where the title sheet was found on page thesis.

11.Technical Abbreviations and Signs

This list contains the technical abbreviation stands for and sign along with the technical its meaning or its use. Abbreviations and technical signs should not be

mixed, but it can be typed on one page because they have a technical function the same, namely to facilitate the understanding thesis.

12.listofTables
List of tables containing the number and title of the table, followed by the points as shown in the table of contents, then followed by the page number where the table contained in the text. Title table more than one page single spaced. The distance between the table title one another in this list is one-half spaces. example table numbering follows the sequence number of the chapters and tables. If the first table contained in the first chapter, then the writing is Table 1.1 and so on.

13.listofFigures
How to make a list of similar images by making a list of tables. example numbering of images for example; Fig. 2.1 and so on.

14.listofAttachments
How to make a list of attachments as a way to make a list of tables.

B. punch line
In this section described the writing guidelines for 2 (two) types of research different, namely quantitative and qualitative research. 1.QuantitativeResearch Section principal thesis that uses quantitative research consisted of 5 (five) chapter, namely the introduction, the theory used for the foundation of research, methods research, the results of research and discussion, and closing. a.Preliminary Introduction is the first chapter that leads the reader to find exposures of research topics, reasons, and the importance of research. Because of , the introductory chapter contains a description of (1) Background issues research, (2) Formulation of the problem, (3) The purpose of the study, and(4)Purpose thestudy.

1)Background This section explains keternalaran (rationality) why topic

expressed in the thesis title was investigated. To explain keternalaran The definition should be clarified before the selected topic. Then explained the arguments behind the selection of topics from the side substance in the overall system of the substance that surrounds the topic. In this case can be stated for example, the gap between expectations and reality, between theory and practice, the concept of thetopic. Performance gap (management or phenomenon gap, the gap results research,thegaptheory). After that, explained the selection of topics from the paradigm keternalaran similar research. For that we need to do literature review that includes the results of research on this topic or related topics is selected. By looking at the results obtained in previous studies, can be shown that the selected topic is still worthy to be researched. Topics that have been studied may be investigated, the origin of the new research can produce something new, different, and can overcome the shortcomings of previous research results, or in research The new theory or used different methods and allegedly can produce other findings from the previous. In the thesis, literature review to suggest keternalaran (Rationality) selection of research topics that could be raised under separate titles, for example the results of this research before. in the

study literature was conducted talks in chronological order. Thus, note progress on the research conducted during this research and note also the position of researchers are now in a series of similar studies. Thus, researchers have a fundamental reason (either empirical, practical, and theoretical) on the choice of research topics. 2) Formulation of Problem Formulation of the problem is the formulation of issues that need to be solved or questions that need to be answered by research. The formula should be written in a question form, or at least contain words stating the problem or question, ie what, who, how, how, to what extent, how (can about the manner or form / state), where, where, from where, why, and so on. Formulation of the problem must be derived from the formula topics, should not be out of the scope of the topic. Therefore, the formulation of the problem should covers all of the variables represented in the topic. If there are general and specific variables, should be formulated principal problems and sub-sub-problem. Thus, the formulation of the problem must be detailed and clearly unraveled and resolved in order to solve the data the solution. Good problem formulation should be possible to find method of discovery data and the solution is correct or accurate. For that, before the problem is formulated to be identified properly. Identify the problem can be stated under a separate sub-headings

after the background, although it's not about the title, but the material identification. with problem identification, allows the formulation of operational problems become more is easy. Problems has operational characteristics, among others: (1) the problem can be solved, (2) describes the research variables clear, (3) the shape and type of data needed can be ascertained accurately, (4) data collection techniques can be determined precisely, and (5) data analysis techniques can be applied appropriately. If there are many problems, but that will be examined only problemparticular problem, there needs to be restrictions on the problem is given why the problem under study is limited. This problem can be restricted listed under separate subtitles after identifying the problem. However, had there been no restrictions, no need for subtitle coverage problem. 3) Research Objectives Research objectives to be achieved reveals what the the study. Objectives formulated parallel to the formulation of the problem. For example: (1) Is there any effect of X on Y, then the aim is discover whether there is the influence of X on Y, (2) Is there relationship between X and Y, then the goal is to find there whether the relationship between X and Y, (3) How is the perception students on academic services, its purpose is to
describe the perception ... and so on. The number of objectives should consistent with the formulation of the problem.

4)UsabilityResearch Usability study describes the usefulness or importance of research done, both for the development of science (theoretical) and for practical interest. The description is once again serves to demonstrate

that the selected problems are significant and worth studying.

b.The cornerstone Theory Research

In the study required two base, namely a theoretical framework and methodological. Theoretical framework is the theory used to construct research framework. Methodological framework is related to matters with study design (including the steps of collecting and processing of data (variables, instruments, instrument validity and reliability,aswellas collection techniques and data analysis) with a variety of reasons. Both described in two different parts of thesis, but sequentially. Framework theoretically described in Chapter II, while the methodological frameworkoutlined in Chapter III. The disclosure by word: who, what, why and how. In the theoretical framework of the theory of what is used for grounding research work. The theory itself can be arranged in an eclectic, can also be a theory used by an expert. However, any theory that is used must can be accounted for through the study of literature and a number of research results within the scope of the thesis topic. The theory is examined in chronological order, from the old up to that date (the actuality of the theory) to show the progress of research in line with the development of the theory. Thus, among a row of theories put forward can be obtained several theoretical advantages of

the selected as the foundation of the research work. Mention the name of the theory is not enough. The principles that need to be elaborated theory, including approaches and working methods of the theory. Study variables need to be explained by the theory of the selected view. Theoretical basis is exposure to the concepts in the opinion of the author (inventor) theory and then presented according to the observer perspective accompanied ways measure it. Support the theoretical basis in order to respond to the approach problem solving is defined as the theoretical frame (frame think) that serves as the basis for the research hypothesis. Hypothesis is suspected or a temporary response to the problems that are based theoretical studies. With an outline of the theory, the nature of research topics to be is clear. Variables, problems, and the goal is operationally undefined. Data can also be identified, while the data collection materials can be be determined. Thus, the techniques of collecting, processing, and data analysis can be designed. So, not only the theoretical framework underlying the identification of targets, but also the underlying research methods.

C.ResearchMethods
A description of the methods of research published in a separate section, namely Chapter III. In quantitative research methods, research procedures starting from the collection data, data processing, and ends with data analysis. That need to be outlined in Chapter III (approach or quantitative research) are: (1) the type and design research, (2) population, sample, and sampling techniques, (3) variable operationally formulated research, (4) research instruments accompanied determination of the validity and reliability, (5) data collection techniques, and (6) processing techniques and data analysis. In the description of the research method that is not enough simply called terms, such as questionnaires, interview guides, observation, interview. Each term The administration should be procedures for use or implementation. In fact, usefulness of each technique or method used need clearly explained. Conversely understanding the population, sample, sampling techniques, questionnaire, guide

interviews, observation guides, interview, and so does not need to be outlined as in research methodology courses. Described is who or what its population, population size, what size sample, what sample withdrawal techniques, what tools are used to collecting data, what data collection techniques, processing techniques and what analysis of selected data and used. Each of the chosen research methods need to be described operationally accordance with what the researchers.

D. Research Findings and Discussion

The results and discussion contained in Chapter IV. This chapter can be specified into two sub-sub and each can be broken down into several parts reflect the findings of solving the problems formulated in the introductory chapter. The answer to the problem formulated in chapter introduction should be clearly defined, systematic, and thorough. Discussion of results of research should be done seriously with attention to theories that are used. That discussions can be carried out clear, systematic, and thorough, so researchers can follow the signs questionasfollows: Whether the findings fit with the theory being used? Why is that?

Are there factors that influence? Is there kekurangtepatan theoretical and methodological framework being used? The discussion contains a brief description of research results, researchers rational analysis, confirmation of the theory, and confirm the results of previous studies.

e.Cover
Closing is the final chapter of the contents of the main thesis. In accordance with its contents, This section can be divided into two sub-chapters, namely conclusions and suggestions. Conclusions should be in line with the issues, objectives, and description of the results research and discussion. Problems presented in the section Preliminary everything must be answered and the answers were all purposes can be achieved. Description or discussion of problems in the previous chapter must be no conclusion. Suggestions should be in line with the conclusions or findings. Suggestions should be accompanied with his argument. If possible also with a way out. Suggestions can practical or theoretical. Includes valuable advice is advice about the need for further research, given that not necessarily all

problems can be solved completely on the basis of research that has been performed or after the completion of this study other related problems.

2.QualitativeResearch
There are several designs and different qualitative research methods and this resulted in the presentation will be different anyway. There are several approaches qualitative research frequently used, such as: (1) phenomenology, (2) hermeneutics, (3) ethnography, (4) grounded theory. The qualitative research design may include case studies, grounded study, etnometodologi, biographical, historical, social science, clinical research, and others. Framework of qualitative research outlined in these guidelines are not intended for any type of research qualitative, but only to provide the basic framework for thesis writing using qualitative research methods. Philosophically, the framework of qualitative research is not the same as the framework quantitative research. However, to facilitate its use need to be agreed some of the following provisions: 1. Thesis structure that uses qualitative research consisted of the initial, content, and final thesis. 2. The beginning and the end is basically the same as the structure of

the thesis that using quantitative research. 3. Content part of qualitative research (including research for scientific work students) have different characteristics with research quantitative, especially for experts who follow the flow of post-modern. The dominant characteristic lies in the content of each chapter or subchapter, where the study of literature (theoretical basis), the framework theoretical, and research methods deployed as part of (sub-chapter) of The Introduction. Starting from the second provision (no. 3), it is necessary to set guidelines structure of the content (subject) thesis that use qualitative research as the following:

a. Preliminary
This chapter describes basically the same parts as the writing thesis that uses quantitative research. In this chapter need to be outlined general state of the coloring matter is a topic of research. Section introduction contains (1) Background, (2) formulation of the problem or focus problems, (3) research purposes, and (4) the usefulness of research. Nevertheless, there are issues that require attention in thesis preparation that uses qualitative research, including: 1) Formulation of the problem needs attention because there are substantial differences between qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research is more directed or intended to answer questions how and why. Therefore, the formulation of the problem must be

focused on major issues explicitly and clearly. If necessary, the researcher can include issues smaller as the elements of The main problem (principal) and served after the main problems (problems research). 2) Research reveals what purpose to be achieved in research and describe the steps to be taken to seek answers to research problems. Objectives formulated by sentences are clear, operational, and a description of the solution research problem. 3) Usefulness or importance of research, both for the development of science and for all practical purposes, is described clearly. Description in This section is intended to indicate that the selected problems it's really important to investigate.

b. The literature review and / or theoretical framework

Qualitative research can suggest the review of the literature and / or theoretical framework, in accordance with the approach and research design is used. This section is presented in a separate chapter (Chapter II), and suggested instead describes only the review of literature, but is equipped with teoretiknya framework.

The importance of literature review in the thesis is due essentially results of one's research is not a new discovery of an independent but rather something related to findings in previous studies. In this section the results of previous research must be presented to give overview knowledge of the underlying implementation of the study and at turn can be known to contribute to the development of scientific research results knowledge and or practical policy clearly. Review of literature arranged chronologically according to the recency theory and empirical data, so that it can be seen the development of scientific and research results. Theoretical framework that serves as a "working hypothesis" is possible to presented in qualitative research. Theoretical framework in a qualitative study is a collection of relevant concepts are integrated in one system explanation that serves as a guide the work, both in developing the method, implementation in the field, and discussion of research results.

C. Research Methods
This section is presented in a separate chapter (Chapter III) to describe the parts of parts (sub-section) as follows: (1) basic research, (2) focus or variable research, (3) sources of data, (4) sampling techniques, (5) tools and techniques of collecting

data, (6) the objectivity and validity of data, (7) model data analysis, and (8) research procedures. The parts must be described in accordance with what is done researchers, especially in the preparation of reports. In other words, the description This section not only conceptual or theoretical, but presents a description about the events conducted by researchers in the field. For example, to obtain objective data do triangulation. In Theoretically there are 4 (four) kinds of triangulation, namely: (1) method, (2) sources, (3) researchers, and (4) theory. Are all of triangulation is used or carried out by researchers? If not, the researchers simply outlines the types of triangulation are used to test objectivity of the data and all prosedumya. To test the validity of the data, researchers may use other methods such as: extension of the presence of observers, discussion peers, negative case analysis, review of informants, or adequacy of reference. In theory there are several analytical models that can be used, such as: (1) interactive analysis models, and (2) flow analysis models. Are the two

models used once in a study? If not, the researchers simply describes model used. This is very important because every model has a partparts that need to be explained, both conceptually and implementation. For example, interactive analysis models have 3 (three) main components, namely: (1) presentation of data, (2) data reduction, and (3) verification of data that must interact logical and continuously, so that accurate conclusions can be drawn.

d. Results and Discussion

This section is reporting the results of research and discussion that associate with the theoretical framework and / or studies that have been conducted before. In qualitative research, are usually not separated between the results and discussion in a separate section. This section may consist of several chapters
accordancewiththematerial

will be presented. In general the material reported in earlier chapters are more common than the chapter material the next. Thus, the next chapter is more detailed, specific, operations and lead to more focused explanation of the research topic in the thesis.

For ease of implementation, the guidelines specify that this section presented in one chapter, namely Chapter IV with the title: Results and Discussion. Contents this chapter can be broadly broken down into 2 (two) sub-chapters as follows: 1. Description of the background research, both physically and socially. This section can be specified into parts smaller. For example: 1.1. Natural Environment, History and Governance Research Sites. 1.2. Community Organization and Social Life. 2. Description of the findings are organized around the questions research and discussion in an integrated and comprehensive. This section can be specified in accordance with that studied the issue. There are 3 (three) parts very important, namely: 2.1. Description of information on the results of observation, interviews, and or information derived from the documents, photographs, and others. 2.2. Description of results of data analysis form of presentation of patterns, themes,

tendencies, and motivation that comes from the data, and presentation category, classification systems and typologies (typology arranged subject to explain the world and is composed of researchers). 2.3. Interpretation and explanation, a review of the link between categories with dimensions, between concept and concept, and is a problem relating to the causes and consequences.

e.Cover
This section is the last chapter of the contents of the main thesis, consists of conclusions and advice. Conclusion should contain a description of the important findings in research and the implications of these findings. Conclusions should be in line with the issues, objectives, and is a summary of the results and discussion the analysis. Description of the conclusion should answer the issues raised in the introductory chapter and meet all the objectives of the study. Suggestions put forward by linking the findings in a knot and if solution may also be submitted. Suggestions may be impractical or theoretical. In addition, it should also raised new issues that found in research that requires further research.

3.ClassroomActionResearch

Writing of research can be done with a class action in accordance with economic education courses. Structure that uses a research thesis class action consists of the initial part, content, and final thesis. The beginning and end basically the same as the structure of the thesis that uses research quantitative and qualitative. a. Preliminary In the introduction, consists essentially of (1) background, (2) formulation problems, (3) research purposes, and (4) the usefulness of research b. Review of literature and / or theoretical framework In this section essentially also the same on quantitative and qualitative research c. Research Methods The research method consisted of (1) setting and subject of research, (2) factors that studied, (3) study design (study cycle) consisting of planning, implementation of the action, observation, and reflection, (3) procedures research, (4) data collection methods, (5) methods of data analysis. Research Findings and Discussion Research results will report the performance of each cycle from planning, implementation of the action, observation, and reflection. The

discussion should be conducted are really taking into account the theory / model / approach used in making known the level of achievement of learning approach / model as well as completeness in learning Cover Closing is the final chapter of the contents of the main thesis, this section consists of conclusions and suggestions d. e. 4. Experiment Students could write a thesis by using the experiment, but students need to be directed to the true type of research experiment. However, in Under certain conditions students can perform quasi experiments. Students should be able to clearly explain the experimental design used in order not to cause bias to the results of research conducted. Section principal thesis using experimental study consisted of 5 (Five) chapters, namely the introduction, the theory used for the research foundation, research methods, research results and discussions, as well as covers.

a. Preliminary Introduction is the first chapter that leads the reader to find exposures of research topics, reasons, and the importance of research. Because of , the introductory chapter contains a description of (1) Background issues research, (2) Formulation of the problem, (3) research purposes, and (4) usability the study. The contents of each point can be seen on the instructions of quantitative research, taking into account the differences in approach. b. The cornerstone Theory Research Theoretical basis of experimental research is not different from the theoretical basis of quantitative research. In this experimental study, researchers need to advance theory that describes the presence or absence of differences between the two groups on certain variables after treatment. The next clue can be seen in the quantitative research directions in the previous section. c. Research Methods A description of the methods of research published in a separate

section, namely Chapter III. In quantitative research methods, research procedure starting from the collection data, data processing, and ends with data analysis. That need to be outlined in Chapter III (approach or experimental studies) are: (1) the type and design experiments, (2) population, sample, and sampling techniques, (3) variable operationally formulated research, (4) research instruments accompanied determination of the validity and reliability, (5) data collection techniques, and (6) processing techniques and data analysis. Students need to be directed to choose an appropriate experimental design with time, cost, and ability of students. Design experiments that can be used among others, simple randomized designs, level designs by treatment, treatment by subject designs, random replication designs, factorial designs, groupwithintreatment designs, matched group designs, and the subject matched designs. d. Research Findings and Discussion The results and discussion contained in Chapter IV. This chapter can be specified

into two sub-sub and each can be broken down into several parts reflect the findings of solving the problems formulated in the introductory chapter. The answer to the problem formulated in chapter introduction should be clearly defined, systematic, and thorough. Discussion of results of research should be done seriously with attention to theories that are used. That discussions can be carried out clear, systematic, and thorough, so researchers can follow the signs question as follows: Whether the findings fit with the theory that used? Why is that? Are there factors that influence? Is there kekurangtepatan theoretical and methodological framework being used? The discussion contains a brief description of research results, researchers rational analysis, confirmation of the theory, and confirm the results of previous studies.

e.Cover
Closing is the final chapter of the cotents of the main thesis. In accordancewithitscontents, This section can be divided into two sub-chapters, namely conclusions and suggestions. Conclusions should be in line with the issues, objectives, and

description of the results research and discussion. Problems presented in the section Preliminary everything must be answered and the answers were all purposes can be achieved. Description or discussion of problems in the previous chapter must be no conclusion. Suggestions should be in line with the conclusions or findings. Suggestions should be accompanied with his argument. If possible also with a way out. Suggestions can practical or theoretical. Includes valuable advice is advice about the need for further research, given that not necessarily all problems can be solved completely on the basis of research that has been performed or after the completion of this study other related problems.

C.FinalPart
The final part consists of a bibliography and appendices. Any writing of mandatory accompanied by a bibliography, while the attachment is not a necessity. WRITINGREFERENCES Literature written in the bibliography is a library that really referenced in the text thesis. Writing a bibliography should be in

accordance with the rules writing a bibliography. It should be noted also up to date (at least last ten years) and cultivated also from the results of research or journal scientific topics relevant to the thesis. In this guideline writing a bibliography is organized as follows: 1. Bibliography sheet titled: REFERENCES (written with letter capital upright font size 12 pt Times New Roman and placed on thetopcenter. 2.Library materials are written in the bibliography, include authorname, yearofpublication, c. d. e. titles(includingsubtitles), placeofpublication,and nameofthepublisher. Writing library materials using the letters upright, except writing the title between the book and another one with a dot separated, except between the city of publishers and publishers using colons. 3.Author name consisting of two or more parts written by

order: last name followed by a comma, first name (abbreviated or not) and the name middle (if any) is terminated with a dot. Pengedepanan last name author is thorough, does not consider whether it's last name The original name, family name, husband's name, or surname. 4.Library materials written by two people or more, then writing the nameoftheauthor The first follows the no. 3 and author of the followingis written without forward the last name. Between the first and second authors separated by the conjunction and. If the author consists of 3 (three) people, then between the first and second authors are separated by a dot and coma, and between the second and third authors are separated by the sign comma and the conjunction and. If the author of more than 3 (three), then written only the first author ends with a comma and accompanied with the words et al. 5. Writing the name of the author starts from the left edge, while the next line began in the sixth character by using a single space. 6. Writing between library materials and the other one uses doublespacing.

Example:

Booth, Anne., William J. O'Malley and Anna Weidemann. 1998. History Indonesian economy. New York: LP3ES. Salvatore, Dominick. 2001. Managerial Economics in a Global Economy. Orlando Florida: Harcourt College Publishers. Strunk, W., Jr.. and E.B. Ehite. 1979. The Elements of Style (3rd ed.). New York:MacMillan. 7. If some of the books used as sources and written by the same person, the author's name does not need to be rewritten and instead used along the dashed lines mark 5 (five) characters. If the books was published in the same year, the number of publications The next book was followed by the symbol a, b, c, and so on. Sequence authorship determined alphabetically titles of his books. Example: Sukirno, Sadono. 2000a. Modern Macro Economics. London: King Grafindo Persada. --------- 2000b. Introduction to Micro Economic Theory. New York: New York: King Grafindo Persada. 8. The book contains a collection of articles which are written the same material editor library of books, it's just that plus (Ed.) between the name author and year of publication. Example:

George Psacharopoulos (Ed). 1997. Economic of Education Research and Studies. New York: Pergamon Press. 9. The book contains a collection of articles (no editor) written in the order article author name followed by year of publication and title of the article written in quotation marks. Followed by the word and the name of the editor with description (Ed.), title of book collection (in italics), publisher of the city, and publishers as well as article pages. Each of these parts are separated by periods, except between the publisher and the publisher of the city separated by a colon. Example: Levin, Henry M. 1997. "School Finance". In Psacharopoulos (Ed.), Economic Education Research and Studies. New York: Pergamon Press. It. 234-250. Nababan, T. Sihol. 2004. "Poverty in Indonesia: Causes theoretical study and Abatement ". In the Supreme Riyandi (Ed.), Interest Medley Development Economics. Semarang: UNDIP Press 10. Journal article is written like a book library materials which contain collection of articles. The difference, after writing the article title in a row written the name of journal (italics), journal number, and things. Article. Each of

each section separated by periods, except between sunrise and the city publishers are separated by a colon. Example: Waridin. 2006. "The function of the benefits of tobacco farming in the District Kendal Central Java ". The Journal of Socio Economics, Volume 12 No.. 1. P. 23-46 Belfast: University of Lampung. 11. Newspaper article written in the same library materials in the form of articles in the journal. However, if the article without the author's name, the first written is the name of his newspaper as a substitute for the name of the author of On and the numbers behind the numbers in the newspaper added the date and month publications, followed by the page number preceded it stands. Example: Ahmad, Dj. 2003. "Final exam, Ebtanas, until UAN". In Kompas. No. 328. Year to 38. June 5th. It. 4 and 5. Java Pos. 1995. More Independent Women Underclass. IV. 02. June 22. It. 3. 12. Official document issued by a publisher without authors and institutions without written as follows. The title or name documents are written in the early part in italics, followed by years of publication, the city

published, and the name of the publisher. Example: Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 Year 2003 on the System National Education. 1990. New York: reproduced by the PT Armas Ambassador Jaya. 13. Library materials, written on behalf of the institution is written in the order sebagaii the following. The name of the institution in charge of directly written in the lead, followed by by year, the title essay, publishing place names, and names of institutions The highest charge of publishing the essay. Example: Center for Language Development, and Development. 1978. Guidelines for Writing Research Report. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Of Culture. 14. Translated books written in the following order: Name of author The original, followed by years of publishing the work of translation, title translation, the name translator (which preceded the word translation, the name of the publication, and Ahan terjem publisher name.

Example:

Ary, D., L.C. Jacobs and A. Razavieh. 1982. Introduction to Educational Research. Arief Furchan translation. New York: National Business. Robbins, Stephen S. 1998. Organizational Behavior. Concepts, Controversies, The application. Translation Hadyana Pujaatmaka and Benjamin Molan. New York: Prenhallindo. 15. Thesis, thesis, dissertation, or research reports written by add the statement "thesis, dissertation, or research report", followed name of the university or research institute organizers. Name of town appended to the name of the university if it does not use the name of the city, for example University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Example: Ustadi, Hamid Noor. 2001. "The Effect of Audit Quality Annual Quality of Financial Information for Investors in The Jakarta Stock Exchange ". Dissertation. London: Faculty of Economics UNPAD 16. Papers presented in seminars, refresher courses, or workshops written by adding the word "paper dis ajik and al am ... .., diik uti n am a ert p p u s, p l b a ga organizer and place the organization.

Example:
Huda, N. 1991. "Research Report Writing for the Journal". Papers Research presented in the Basic Workshop for Lecturers PTN and private universities in Malang Force XIV, IKIP Malang Research Center, 12 In July. Karim, Z. 1987. "Tatakota in Developing Countries". Papers presented in the Seminar Tatakota, Planning, East Java, Surabaya, 1-2 September. 16. References can be obtained from the internet. Basically writing a referral from Internet together with the writing of library materials. The difference lies in section after the title. On referral from the Internet; after the title is written referral source and date of access. Thus, the sequence is the last name, first name, year published, title (italicized), then the protocol and address, path, and date of access placed in parentheses. Material from the internet there is derived from documents, from email, discussion lists, and newsgroups, Gopher Protocol, File Transfer Protocols (FTP), Telnet Protocols, or from online sources and online databases.

Example:
Sandler, Corey. 2005. Small Busissnes 101 Ideas for Under $ 5000. http://www.gigapedia.com/talent/lpb/muddex/ essay. (2

Desember.2007). 18. In reference obtained through email, discussion lists, and newsgroups that title is considered the particulars (Re :...). Example: Crump, E. Re: preserving Writing. Alliance for Computers and writingListerv. Acw.a @ unicom.acc.ttu.edu (31 March 1995). Heilke, J. 1996. May 3. Re: Webfolios. Acw-I@ttacs.ttu.gekaedu http / Hwww.ttu.edu/Iists/acw-1/9605 (31 Dec. 1996). 19. Files contained in the collection of files with an editor writing of the manuscript contained in a collection of essays an editor. Example: Deero. 1896. Pro Archia. In J.B. Greenbough (Ed.) Select Orations of Deero. Boston: Ginn. Project Libellus (Vers.0.01). (1994). Gopher: / / gopher.etext.org, ibellus / texts / Cicero / arch (11 Aug. 1996). If no author name, title information directly written.

Example:

Little machines: Rearticulating. hypertxt users.ftp: / / ftp.deadalus.com / pub/CCCC95/johnsoneiloia (14 May. 1996). Help. Internet Public Library. telnet: / / ipl.org: 8888 /, help (1 Dec. 1996). Fine arts. 1993. In E.D. Hirsch, Jr.., J. F. Kett & J. Trefil (Ed.) Dictionary of Cultural Literary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. INSO Corp.. America Online. Reference Desk / Dictionaries / Dictionary of Cultural Literary (20 May 1996). 20. Apart from the internet, reference material can be taken from the video recording, recording cassettes, CD-ROM, or electronic journal articles. How to write the same as write a bibliography how to write. The difference is, on videotape, a name that included is the name of the producer and director, and placed in front of the title. On the tape cassette listed is the name of the speaker, while the CD-ROM and electronic journal articles, which included is the name of the author. Behind the titles listed description of the video tape, cassette, or CD-ROM is placed in the sign parentheses.

Example:
Videotape Porn, L. (Producer) & S. Kotton (Director). 1994. Isabel Allende: The

Woman's voice in Latin-American Literature. (Videorecording). San Francisco: KQED. Cassette Recordings Costa Jr.., P.T. (Speaker). 1998. Personality, Continuity, and Changes of Adult Life. No tape recordings. 207-433-88A-B). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. CD-ROM Preiss, Byron, and Nixon, Jeff. 1994. The Ultimate Frank Lloyd Wright: American Architect. (CD-ROM). New York: Byron Press Multimedia. Electronic Journal Articles Funder, D.C. March 1994. Process and Content judgmental. Commentary on Koehler on Base-rate (9 pagraf). Psychology. (Online series) 5 (17). Retrieved from FTP: Hostname: princeton.edu. Directory: pub / Harnad / Psychology/1994. volume.5 File: Psychology, 94.5.17.baserate, 12.funde. (June 20, 2000). References from the Internet, videotapes, cassettes, CD-ROMs, and electronic journals that integrated with a list of references compiled in the form of library materials (stationery).

Overall and library materials written referral nontulis are arranged in a bibliography sorted alphabetically, by not be numbered. Ordering is based on the first letter of the alphabet written in the name units of library materials. For example, and Karim Huda Huda first order because the letter H in alphabetical order sooner than K. If a list of names beginning with the same letter, pengurutannya based the second letter in the name. If the first letter and the second is the same, pengurutannya based on the third letter; so on such a sequence word in the dictionary. APPENDIX Appendix should contain descriptions are considered necessary for thesis, such as research instruments, the raw data results, the formulas statistics used (if necessary), the results of statistical calculations, and sign permits evidence has been carrying out research data collection, and other attachments deemed necessary. To facilitate use, each attachment must be appendix be numbered using Arabic numerals. D. LANGUAGE AND PROCEDURE FOR WRITE Thesis is a scientific paper to the following two kinds of rules, namely: 1. General rule is a rule relating to language and spelling valid in general.

2. Selingkung rule is a rule about the technicalities of writing that has been mutually agreed and valid in the State University of Semarang environment, Faculty of Economics in particular. Thesis written in Indonesian language is good and true, namely Indonesian language to follow the rules of scientific standard variety. Words or terms, the structure of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences written correctly and carefully. Paragraphs and discourse are logically arranged. Written by following spelling spelling standard (EYD). There is no prohibition to use the word uptake, which writing correct spelling is important. For example, objects and not objects. Rule selingkung the agreed in writing on environmental science State University of Semarang, include: (1) how to refer and write a list of library, (2) how to write a title and subtitle, (3) how to present tables and drawings, (4) a practical way of typing. 1. Language Aspects of language that must be considered are: (1) style of writing, (2) effectiveness and accuracy of use of the sentence, (3) the accuracy of the use of spelling and punctuation, and (4) the accuracy of written references and

bibliography. The style of writing is an important part in the writing of scientific papers. Style good writing can be seen several aspects, such as: (1) flow of thinking clearly, (2) unambiguous, (3) Effective sentences, (4) sentence pattern is clear (SPO/SP-0K/K-S-P-0). The effectiveness and accuracy of use of the phrase is a part that can be describes the ability of a writer in conveying information appropriately and quickly. Writers often make mistakes, so the effectiveness and accuracy of use of the phrase becomes blurred. Some errors are frequently performed authors, among them: (1) sentence does not have a subject (S) or predicate (P), whereas a sentence at least have a subject and predicate (P), (2) sentences have two or more units that overlap the mind overlap, when it should only have one unit of thought, (3) a description sentence incorrectly placed, (4) the subject is preceded preposition, so that the principal part in the sentence becomes blurred; (5) the clause is not logical (One reason), (6) the sentence has no main clause because all its parts is a clause, and (7) the sentence ambiguous. Sentences like that need to be edited so that ideas can be conveyed intended. Paragraph is part of a framework or a systematic mindset. Each paragraph should describe the complete thought. Every paragraph must start with a basic sentence and followed by a clause as

explanation of the mainstream. Before the explanation of the basic thoughts completed, the author should not bring a new paragraph. When a paragraph is deemed too long, can be split into 2 (two) paragraphs with conjunctions at the beginning of the following paragraphs. For example: In connection with the above description, ... Based on this thinking at the top, ... Spelling and punctuation should be used precisely as written language does not aided by elements of movement such as sound quality, eye blink, the expression expression, and so forth as in spoken language. Spelling and punctuation that help clarify the author's intent. Things that must be observed author among others the use of letters, the decoding of words, use italics, the use of punctuation, spelling, writing abbreviations and acronyms, writing numbers and number as well as the writing element uptake. 1. Use the letters A writer must be able to use the letters in spelling. language Indonesia appropriately. For example: Central Java Province, led by a governor. Mardiyanto is the Governor of Central Java. When the letter capital is used? 2. Decoding of words Basically, the decoding of words should be based on syllables.

However, decapitation should be done at as d Asar: (1) kat a Asar d ny a, (2) nm eni ja nga ngg alka n beheading of a letter. Use italics Italics are only used to write foreign terms. 4. Use of punctuation Punctuation is used in the context of the right words and written together with the words that precede or follow. Punctuation is not said so should not be written stand alone. 5. Writing words The mistake most often found in the writing of scientific papers related to the writing of words. Some writing the wrong word, in among them: 6. Writinganabbreviationoracronym Writinganabbreviationoracronym standsfor. 7. Writinnumbers Writing ekan single number or letter is accompanied by a written spellingin between brackets. For example: 3 (three). which first

should preceded 8. Writinelementuptake Writing element uptake attempted to follow the original language. Forexample: Wrong object / subject of objectivity / subjectivity effectiveness Should object / subject of objectivity / subjectivity efficacy / effectiveness Sentence patterns are an essential part of a message to be conveyed appropriately accepted by others (readers). Therefore, the pattern of Ssentences P-0 or SPOK or KSP-0 or at least the pattern of SP should be is used. 2.HowtoRefer How to refer can be classified in the general rules and rules selingkung. Admission is done by using the last name, year and page book written in parentheses. Between the author's name and year are not given commas and between years, a colon, and page number are not given distance.

Example : (integrated in the text the author's name):

Soebronto (1990:123) concluded "there is a close relationship between social factors
economicprogressoflearning ".

Example (author's name was not mentioned in the text): The conclusions of this study was "a close relationship exists between social factors economic progress of learning. "(Soebronto, 1990:123). If there are two authors, referral by the name of the second rear the author. If the author of more than two people, the last name of The first author followed by et al followed by a colon. For works of translation, admission is done by naming the original author. If the author is not mentioned, which is included in the referral is a name institution that issued the referenced literature, or the name of the document published (name of newspaper, magazine referred to), in line with the rules of writing referenced bibliography. References from two or more sources written by different authors listed in parentheses with a semicolon (;) as a sign of The dividing. How to refer to two kinds namely: (1) refers to the way quote, phrases, sentences, or description in accordance with the original source, and (2) refers

opinions of others in a way to express themselves with language. Referring to the way of quoting is done as follows. Quotations of less than four lines are written in inverted commas ("..."). Quote that is part integrated in the main text and accompanied by the name of the author, year published, and the number the page. If the author's name is written in an integrated way in the text, the name was followed year and page number. How to write see the example above. If there are quotes within quotes, use single quotes Example (quotes within quotes): The conclusion from these studies is "there is a tendency more and more corporate leaders intervened, the lower the level of employee participation in urban areas "(Soewignyo, 1991: 101). Quotations of more than four lines are written without quotes on a new line, separated from the text that precedes the beginning in the sixth character on the left PIAs, and typed single-spaced. If the quote there is a new paragraph, line new starts by clearing five characters longer than the edge line of text citations.

Example:
Suyanto (1998: 202) draw the following conclusions. Rather exercises allow students to use what is obtained in PBM to solve real problems in life. Transfer capability been owned by the student if the student is able to apply knowledge, skills, information, and so as a result of learning on Different background (classes, labs, simulations, and the like) to the Background of the real, that is real life in society. If this capability can flyer to students, they will have insight into the creator of the work after graduating from college. If there are words in direct quotation discarded, the discarded word replaced with three points. If the sentence was discarded, replaced by four points. Point Last is a sign of completion of sentence.

Example:
There is a word discarded "Shem ua parties involved in the implementation of education in schools ... expected to implement the new curriculum "(Manan, 1995:278). When the sample is more than four lines, then writing a single line within a space. There is a sentence that discarded

"Motion is the manipulative skills that require coordination among other eyes, hands, or other body parts .... Which include manipulative motion between Another catch the ball, kick ball, and draw "(Asim, 1995:315). How to refer to opinions expressed by the language itself is written without quotation marks or integrated in the text. The name of the author is integrated in the text, or referred to in brackets with the year published. If the designated section particular, mentioned the page number. If the book referred to in whole or in referenced too much or jumping jacks, page numbers may not be included.

Example (page numbers mentioned):

Salimin (1990:13) did not suspect that the third-year students are better than fourth-year student. Example (page number not mentioned): In the old grammar book, such as books Prijohoetomo (1937) not known the term transposition. Example (author's name is mentioned in brackets with the year and the number

page): Third-year students were better darpada fourth year student (Salimin 1990:13). Example (author's name is mentioned in brackets with the year without page): When we talk about learning, we actually talked about how change one's behavior as a result of experience (Snelbecker 1974). 3. Serving Table or Figure Sometimes in writing scientific papers and required the presentation of tables or the picture. a. Serving Table The use of tables can be viewed as one of a systematic way to presenting statistical data in columns and rows, according to the classification problem. By using the tables, the reader can understand and interpret data rapidly and looking for relationships. Tables should be mentioned with the description in the text, for example by expressed as in table 1. Thus, the table becomes functional, not separated from the text.

Tables should be simple and based on some ideas. Entering too a lot of data in the table can reduce the value of serving tables. Better use lots of little tables instead of tables, but it was too dense. Table that both should be able to convey ideas and relationships in writing effectively. If the table is large enough (more and half pages), tables should be placed on a separate page. If more than one page, the table should be made with width of the folded paper. Thus, no tables are truncated in a few pages. If the table is quite short (less than half a page), should integrated with text. Tables should be given the identity (form number and name of the table) and placed in top of the table. It is intended to facilitate reconciliation. Title of the table is written using capital letters on the first letter of each word except the word continued. The word table written on the left bank, followed by number and title of the table. If the title of table more than one row, second row and so on par with the letter written The first title of single-spaced tables. title of the table does not end in a point. The distance between the tables with text before and after the three spaces. Number tables written with Arabic numerals as the identity table showing the number urutnya. Serial number of the table starting with number one until the

last number table to throughout the text. The topmost line of the table is placed three spaces from the name of the table. Column pengepalaan (heading), and a description of the size or the unit of data must be included. Terms-terms such as number and percent written in the form abbreviation or symbol, such as No.,%. The data contained in the table is written by using a single space. Lines can be used to facilitate read the table. Horizontal lines need to be made, but the vertical line from the left, middle, and right can not be used. b. Presentation of Images The term image refers to photographs, graphs, charts, maps, sketches, diagrams, and pictures other. Images can present data in a visual form that is more rapid can understand its meaning. Image is not always intended to build descriptions, but can also to emphasize certain significant relationships. Images can also be used to present statistical data in the form chart. Guidelines for using the picture as follows; 1) The title image is placed below the image. Way of writing the same title picture by writing the title of the table.

2) Images must be able to convey ideas clearly and be understood without must be accompanied by textual explanation. 3) 4) Images must be used according to need. Images that take place more than half a page to be placed on a separate page. 5) 6) The mention of the picture should precede the image. Referenced image with the image numbers (digits), as shown in figure 2, not with a word picture above or below the image. 7) Images are numbered with Arabic numerals as in the numbering of tables. Technical matters that need attention 1) 2) The distance between the tables or images with text is three spaces. Title tables or figures must be typed on the same page with tables or pictures.

3) The right edge of the former extent m ungkin t r at a, with t et ap attention to the rules of correct decoding of words. The distance between words should remain the same (one-two beats) and there should be no distance is too loosely. 4) Should not give any sign as a sign of the end of a chapter, including an image to fill the empty space. 5) The presentation of the details should be avoided. Should be used instead presentation of the essay form of paragraphs. Breakdown by using numbers or letters are used only for the details of which are procedural or the steps. Writing in accordance with the rules of spelling, which is to details aside, numbers or letters was followed by closing parenthesis or flanked by open and close parentheses. For the details down, but the way it can use a period. Signs - * v * should not be used. 6) May not add space between words in a line with the objectives flatten the right edge. 7)

May not use footnotes for referral. 4. Typing a. Paper and sizes Thesis typed on A4 size paper (21.5 cm x 29 cm) with a weight of 80 grams. When used special paper, such as graph paper to graph, tracing paper for the chart, may be used outside the above paper which had recently determined the size, but folded in accordance with the size of the paper manuscript. b. Cover Envelop of the use of thick cardboard and clear plastic coated (laminating). The color is dark blue cover thesis. For writing on the outside cover of the thesis used letters in yellow gold. c. Spaced typing The distance between the rows one by typing the next line in the Thesis is double-spaced except cider one space. Bold chapter headings and titles of tables and pictures more than one line is typed single-spaced. Typed bibliography single-spaced, while the distance between the source of the two spaces. d.

Typing the manuscript margin Typing the manuscript following boundary conditions as follows: The top edge : 4 cm. The bottom edge : 3 cm. The left edge : 4 cm. The right edge : 3 cm. e. Typing a new paragraph Typing text always starts from the left edge, but typing a new paragraph begins the sixth letter of the left edge. f. Typing the title of the chapter, section, and the kids section Chapter title typed with bold capital letters, with a distance of 4 cm from the top edge. Serial number of chapters with Roman letters typed and written in bold above the title of chapter symmetrically. Section numbers are preceded section title, typed in bold, starting from the left margin. Initial letter of every word written section title with a capital letter, except conjunctions such as on, inside, and, against. Typing child section begins with a capital letter at the beginning of the first word and bold. Section numbers are written with a cluster number (digit) with the purpose of facilitating

admission (for example, have been described in 3. 1). A number that is used "all Arabic numerals. Figures at the front shows the chapter number, the next digit shows the numbers section, and subsequent figures show the numbers section bahawahannya. Endeavored to group the numbers as far as possible only consists above three points. Further details are described by the paragraphs in sequence without the give the title. Keep in mind that the use of cluster number is the title section and kids section. Details of the material in the text, not the title does not using cluster numbers. g. The use of letters to the script Scripts must be typed using Times New Roman font using 2 pt and printed with normal thickness. Not justified to use the printer dot-matrix. h. Page numbering The page numbers are placed in the upper right corner of the text with a distance of two spaced from the first line, except mengandunc pages, chapter titles, the number placed below the middle, two spaces below the last line of text. The page numbers using Arabic numerals, starting from the introductory chapter, and ends on the last page and the 'overall thesis manuscript. Preceding pages,

such as the preface, table of contents, list of tables, list of images using the Roman numerals small. Sub-chapter titles are preceded sub-chapter numbers, typed in bold, starting from the left margin. Initial letter of every word written section title with a capital letter, except conjunctions such as on, inside, and, against. Typing child section begins with a capital letter at the beginning of the first word and bold. Section numbers are written with a cluster number (digit) with the purpose of facilitating admission (for example, has been described in 3.1). A number that is used all Arabic letters. Figures at the front shows the chapter number, the next digit shows the numbers section, and subsequent figures show the numbers section bahawahannya. Tried to be as much as possible cluster numbers consists only of three digits. Further details are described by the paragraphs in sequence without being the title. Keep in mind that the use of cluster number is the title of section and children section. Details of the material in the text, not the title does not using cluster numbers. g. The use of letters to the script Scripts must be typed using font Times New Roman 12 pt and

printed with normal thickness. Not justified in using the dotmatrix. h. Page numbering The page numbers are placed in the upper right corner of the text with a distance of two spaced from the first line, except the page containing the title of the chapter, nornornya placed below the middle, two spaces below the last line of text. The page numbers using Arabic numerals, starting from the introductory chapter, and ends on last page of the manuscript overall thesis. Preceding pages, such as the preface, table of contents, list of labels, a list of images using the Roman numerals small. i. The use of bold and italics Bold font is used for typing the title of the chapter, section, and the kids section. Letter italics are used for: 1. title of book, periodical name, or names of other publications, as well as the number publication in the bibliography: vocabulary term, or phrase used in a foreign language text, letters, vocabulary, phrases, or sentences as linguistic aspects.