WATER CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA

DIAN DWI KARTIKASARI

Erasmus Mundus 2011 Warsaw University of Life Sciences

INDONESIA COUNTRY DESCRIPTION

INDONESIA

Country Description - Indonesia

Indonesia is located in the tropical belt, is the

largest and widest archipelago country in the world, consist of 17,508 big and small islands, there are 5 big islands : Sumatera, Java, Borneo, Celebes and West Irian There are two season in Indonesia , May to October is dry season and October to April is rainy season Second worlds longest coast line (81.000 km)

Country Description - Indonesia

Based on demography survey in 2000, the total

population was 206 million, representing the fourth largest country in the world With the population growth rate was 1,49 percent. Estimate population in 2006 was 220 million.

WATER RESOURCES

WATER RESOURCES
Indonesia gets uncountable natural abundance in the form of high rainfall Total territory of 1.9 million km2 and has an average annual rainfall of 2 700 mm

WATER RESOURCES
278 mm infiltrates and percolates as groundwater
ANNUAL RAINFALL 2 700 MM 1 832 mm flows as runoff or surface water

+ 2 100 mm

WATER RESOURCES
Water Storage

13%

0,04% 21% lake dam and reservoir rivers inland swamp/polder

65%

Annual Water Demand and Estimated Natural Basic Discharge in 2020

Unit : MCM

Source : DPP

FACING PROBLEMS

FACING PROBLEMS
Lack of upland/upstream land management.

Critical land, Bogor

Flood, Jakarta.

Drought, Sulawesi Province

FACING PROBLEMS
Extreme climatic change
Climate Change Effects Sea Level Rise Ocean Warming Increased Temperature Increased Rainfall Impacts on Indonesia Disappearing Small Islands Salt Water Intrusion Decline in Fisheries Harvest Loss of Biodiversity

Increased Fire Risk

Increased Disease Risk, Range Floods and Land Slides

Increased Evaporation
Increased Tropical Storms

Changes in Planting Season

Drought, Food Security Transport Vulnerability Food and Water Scarcity

FACING PROBLEMS
The disappearing of small Island within 2005 2007, 24 small islands disappear, the location: 3 island in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) 3 island in Papua 5 island in Riau 2 island in west sumatera 7 island in the coastal area of Jakarta
(source: Ministry of Oceanary & Fishery)

FACING PROBLEMS
The Disappearing of Coastal Land Jakarta Coastal Region in 2050

FACING PROBLEMS
Erosion - related degradation. Water functions such as lakes/rivers tends to decrease along with an increasing rate of soil erosion creating siltation and shallowing processes.

FACING PROBLEMS
The Availability of Safe Water
Water samples in Jakarta in 1992 reveal a 73% rate of coliform contamination, with a 55% rate in drinking water from wells.

Some of the more common water contaminations likely to face are : Iron Manganese Hydrogen Sulfide

What is being done

Land use planning: to support revision of land use planning that minimize runoff; and to control land use in order to minimize run-off Integrated water resources management: flood control measures have to implemented base on the unity of a river basin ecosystem from the spring down to river mouth based on one river one integrated plan.

Provision of adequate urban-rural infrastructure: to provide sufficient urban and rural drainages as well as waste water and solid waste management

Water Treatment Systems

Typical Whole House System

Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage

Household Water Treatment Source Protection Safe Storage

sedimentation

Filtration

Disinfection

Source Protection
Locate latrines down hill and at least 30 meters away from water sources. Keep animals away by using fences around the water source
Line wells and boreholes (provide a sanitary seal in the top 2 to 3 meters)

Sedimentation
Settling.
Water quality can be improved by allowing it to stand undisturbed long enough for larger suspended particles to settle out by gravity, including those that cause turbidity

Filtration
Bio sand Filter
Water treatment is carried out by the sand inside the filter. The filter container can be made of concrete, plastic or any other waterproof, rust-proof and non-toxic material

Disinfection
Boiling
Boiling is considered the worlds oldest, most common, and one of the most effective methods for treating water. If done properly, boiling kills or deactivates all bacteria, viruses, protozoa (including cysts) and helminths that cause diarrheal disease.

Safe Storage
Safe Storage and Handling

REFERENCES
Indonesia Contextual Analysis in Water Supply and Sanitation Sector, www.waterdialogues.org Overview of Indonesia Water System And Policies, www.oecd.org Water Resources Management Towards Enhancement of Effective Water Governance in Indonesia www.worlwaterforum5.org Household Water Supply and Treatment Systems www.expat.or.id Land and water resources development in Indonesia www.fao.org

THANK YOU