Strain Gauges and Accesories

Strain Gauges and Accessories
Nurgl Er nurguel.er@hbm.com
www.hbm.com 19.03.2008, Folie 1 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Nurgl Er
How to find the right strain gauge
a wide range of a wide range of strain gauges strain gauges

19.03.2008, Folie 2 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Nurgl Er
Strain gauge
Cover
carrier Grid width
Measuring grid
Leads
Grid length
Applications of Strain Gauges

Experimental Tests
Exp. stress analysis Determining Residual Stress Analysis of loading
(e.g. life-time analysis)
Transducers for
Force Torque Pressure Strain ...
Determining thermal stress

Strain gauges for transducer manufactures Strain gauges for transducer manufactures
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Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH
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HBM-bending beam HBM-bending beam

Strain gauges for experimental tests Strain gauges for experimental tests
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Strain gauges type designation

L Y 1 1 6 Type Geometry of the strain gauges Strain Gauges Series Material of the measuring grid and the carrier Connections Temperature variation Measuring grid Leads / solder tabs / adjusted to thermal expansion coefficient of an material in mm in Ohm
LY11-6/120
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120 Measuring grid resistance
Strain gauges type designation (example):

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Number of measuring grid and their relative position to each other

L one measuring grid D two measuring grid (linear strain gauges) (direction: parallel)
X two measuring grids (T-rosette (offset by 90) R three measuring grids ( rosettes) V four measuring grids (full bridge strain gauges) K strain gauges chains for determining strain gradients M full bridge strain gauges as diaphragm rosettes
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Typical strain gauges types
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Typical strain gauges types Linear strain gauge e.g. LY11-6/120

F
Calculate the Young's Modulus on a tension / compression bar (Hookes Law) measure strain calculate the mechanical stress
= F A
E=
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Typical strain gauges types Dual-element linear strain gauge e.g. DY11-6/350
F
Typical application: bending beam ... ... and the right strain gauge
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Typical strain gauges types X-rosettes with 2 measuring grids e.g. XY11-6/120
Calculate the Young's Modulus and the Poissons ratio on a tension bar measure strain calculate the mechanical stress
= F A
E=
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q l
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Typical strain gauges types X-rosettes with 2 measuring grids e.g. XY41-6/120
Example: torque transducer (torsions shaft with strain gauges mounted in the principal strain directions
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Typical strain gauges types Rosettes with 3 measuring grids e.g. RY11-6/120 a c
b
1 / 2 E a + c E = 1 2 2 (1 + )
(0/45/90 - rosette)
(a b )2 + ( c b )2
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Typical strain gauges types Rosettes with 3 measuring grids e.g. RY11-6/120
(planar)
0/45/90 - rosettes 0/60/120 - rosettes
determining a biaxial stress state with unknown principal directions

Typical strain gauges types Strain gauges chains,

e.g. KY11-4/120
(for the determination of stress gradients) Shapes of strain gauges chains: measuring grids in a direction parallel to the chains longitudinal axis measuring grids in a direction perpendicular to the chains longitudinal axis measuring grids in a direction alternately parallel and perpendicular to the chains longitudinal axis rosette chain
Typical strain gauges types
Five 0/60/120 - rosette and one compensation strain gauges

strain measurement strain measurement on a gear wheel on a gear wheel
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Typical strain gauges types Diaphragm rosette e.g. MY21-6/120

Example: pressure transducer with diaphragm elastic elements
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Strain gauge series Y C G K V

carrier polyimide / measuring grid constantan foil carrier polyimide / measuring grid CrNi special alloy carrier phenolic resin, glass fibre reinforced / measuring grid constantan foil carrier phenolic resin, glass fibre reinforced / measuring grid constantan foil, different creep adjustment carrier polyimide / measuring grid constantan foil, embedded in plastic resin
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Strain gauge series Strain gauges for harsh environments

embedded in plastic resin carrier polyimide / measuring grid constantan foil with 3m cable
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Type and position of connections
with leads (aprox. 30mm) with integrated solder tabs pre-wired strain gauges
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ne
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Type and position of connections

no soldering at the measuring point cable length from 0.5m to 10m available 2, 3 and 4 wire options Teflon insulated wires prevent unwanted cable bonding
w! ne pre-wired strain gauges

Temperature compensated strain gauges

Every strain gauge gives out a value when the temperature varies without any mechanical load. Cause: Work piece expansion with temperature Change in specific resistance of strain gauge Strain gauge grid expansion with temperature
HBM, Thomas Kleckers (Januar 1999) 19.03.2008, Folie 25 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Nurgl Er
Temperature compensated strain gauges 1 1 3 3 5 5 6** 6 7** 7 8** 8 9** 9

for ferritic steel = 10,8 10-6//K for ferritic steel = 10,8 10-6 K for aluminum = 23 10-6//K for aluminum = 23 10-6 K for austenitic steel = 16 10-6//K for austenitic steel = 16 10-6 K for quartz = 0,5 10-6//K for quartz = 0,5 10-6 K for titanium/ gray cast iron = 9 10-6 //K for titanium/ gray cast iron = 9 10-6 K for plastic material = 65 10-6//K for plastic material = 65 10-6 K for molybdenum = 5,4 10-6//K for molybdenum = 5,4 10-6 K
* not for all measuring grid lengths available
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Self Temperature Compensation
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Measuring grid length of an strain gauge

strain gauges application F
not correct
correct point values, measured with short strain gauges (measuring stress peaks) a strain gauges with a long measuring grid giving an average value with inhomogeneous material, e.g. concrete
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Measuring grid length of an strain gauge

strain gauges application F F
correct
The strain gauges forms an arithmetic mean of the strain conditions existing under its measuring grid.
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Resistance of the strain gauges

Typically Values: 120 ... preferred for stress analysis 350 700 ... preferred for transducer manufacturing ... preferred in combination with telemetries systems and for the measurement on materials with low thermal conductivity
and
1000
The values have an historical origin, but they have proven useful and so they have been retained.
HBM adhesive program HBM adhesive program
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Adhesives cold curing adhesives

preferred for experimental stress analysis easy to apply and require only little effort temperature range is smaller than hot curing adhesives
hot curing adhesives

preferred in the manufacture of transducers (based on strain gauges) can be used where the measured object can be brought up to the curing temperature greater temperature range than cold curing adhesives contact pressure needed
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Cyano-acrylate Z70
single component adhesive, preferred for experimental stress analysis thin liquid very easy to handle temperature limits: contact pressure: curing period: -70C up to +100C (+120C) thumb pressure 5C: 10 minutes 20C: 1 minutes 30C: 0,5 minutes
Humidity of more than 40% is necessary for curing

Cyano-acrylate Z70
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Methacrylate mixture X60

two components adhesive, preferred for experimental stress analysis pasty, even on absorbent or uneven surfaces easy to handle (mixing to components) temperature limits: contact pressure: curing period: -200C up to +60C (+80C) thumb pressure 0C: 60 minutes 20C: 10 minutes 35C: 2 minutes
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Methacrylate mixture X60
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Epoxy resin X280

two components adhesive, preferred for experimental stress analysis for smooth and absorbent surfaces temperature limits: contact pressure: curing period: -70C up to +200C (+280C) 0,05 2 N/mm2 room temperature: 8 hours 95C: 1 hour
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Epoxy resin X280
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Epoxy resin EP250

two components adhesive, preferred in the manufacture of transducer or for stress analyses in a lager temperature range pasty, even on absorbent or uneven surfaces temperature limits: contact pressure: curing period: -240C up to +250C (+315C) 0,1 1,5 N/mm2 95C: 16 hours 200C: 0,5 hour
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Epoxy resin EP250
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Epoxy resin EP310S

two components adhesive, preferred in the manufacture of transducer or for stress analyses in a lager temperature range thin liquid, very easy to handle temperature limits: contact pressure: curing period: -270C up to +260C (+310C) 0,1 0,5 N/mm2 95C: 5 hours 200C: 0,5 hour
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Epoxy resin EP310S
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Protective coatings
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Protective coatings
it is recommended that strain gauges be protect against external effects (such as humidity, water, oil, mechanical influences) protect the polished metal of our application area against rust
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The cover should be put on immediately after bonding of the strain gauge. The application area must clean as for the adhesive.
Cover a large area surrounding the applied gauges. If bonding the strain gauges in humid ambient conditions the applied gauge should be dried with a hot air gun or hair dryer.
Polyurethane paint
curing conditions: air drying (room temperature +100C) application method: brush application temperature range: -40C ... +120C suitable for light protection against touching and dust, for normal air humidity; likewise useful as insulating layer under other covers
PU120 PU120
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Nitrile rubber
curing conditions: air drying at room temperature application method: brush application temperature range: -269C ... +150C oil and petrol resistance, preferred in contact with liquid gases (excluding oxygen!)
NG 150 NG 150
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Silicon Rubber
curing conditions: air drying at room temperature transparent, solvent-free application method: tube application temperature range: -70C ... +250C suitable as protection against humidity and weather, against water at room temperature, limited oil resistant very good mechanical protection
SG 250 SG 250
Permanently plastic putty

curing conditions: application method: kneading on by hand temperature range: -50C ... +170C very good protection against humidity and weather, can be used under
AK 22 AK 22
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Permanently plastic putty with aluminium foil

curing conditions: application method: pressing on by hand temperature range: -50C ... +170C range of application and properties similar to AK22
ABM 75 ABM 75
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Accessories
cleaning agent RMS1 cleaning pads solder terminals cables and wires
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Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Im Tiefen See 45 D-64293 Darmstadt
www.hbm.com
thank you...
... for your attention
Nurgl Er Technical Support Center Tel. 06151/803-8352 nurguel.er@hbm.com
Dikkatiniz icin
tesekkrler

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Strain Gauges and Accessories

Strain Gauges and Accessories

www.hbm.com 19.03.2008, Folie 1 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Nurgl Er

Strain Gauges and Accessories

How to find the right strain gauge

a wide range of a wide range of strain gauges strain gauges

Strain Gauges and Accessories

carrier Grid width

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Applications of Strain Gauges

Determining thermal stress

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

HBM-bending beam HBM-bending beam

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Strain gauges type designation

120 Measuring grid resistance

Strain gauges type designation (example):

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Number of measuring grid and their relative position to each other

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Typical strain gauges types

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Typical strain gauges types Linear strain gauge e.g. LY11-6/120

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

0/45/90 - rosettes 0/60/120 - rosettes

determining a biaxial stress state with unknown principal directions

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Typical strain gauges types Strain gauges chains,

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Typical strain gauges types

Five 0/60/120 - rosette and one compensation strain gauges

Strain Gauges and Accessories

strain measurement strain measurement on a gear wheel on a gear wheel

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Typical strain gauges types Diaphragm rosette e.g. MY21-6/120

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Strain gauge series Y C G K V

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Strain gauge series Strain gauges for harsh environments

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Type and position of connections

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

Strain Gauges and Accessories

Type and position of connections

Temperature compensated strain gauges 1 1 3 3 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9