Recent developments of the laser-heating facility in Frankfurt and at Petra-III

Lkhamsuren Bayarjargal
Institut fr Geowissenschaften, Abt. Kristallographie: Goethe-Universitt Frankfurt a. M., Germany

Contents
Laser heating facility in Frankfurt
CO2 laser heating set-up Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Problems of temperature measurement Raman measurement

Sample preparation
Laser drilling Gas loading

Laser-heating facility at Petra-III Outlook

The CO2-laser heating system in Frankfurt

The CO2-laser heating system in Frankfurt

The CO2-laser heating system in Frankfurt

Pressure determination (ruby fluorescence)

The mobile spectrometer for pressure measurement. A green laser (532 nm, 100 mW, cw) and mini spectrometer (HR4000, Ocean optics) are used for the measurement of ruby fluorescence signals. (H. Ahsbahs)
[MX78] Mao, H. K., Bell, P. M., Shaner, J. W., Steinberg, D. J. J. appl. Phys. 49, 32763283 (1978) [MX86] H.K.Mao,J.Xu,andP.M.Bell,J.Geophys.Res.91,4673,1986.

Temperature determination Plancks law 2 2 hc 1 I= 5 e hc / kT 1 The Wien radiation law:

For low temperatures, where hc/kT >> ln (1), the Wien approximation can be used.

k 2 hc 2 1 1 k Wien = ln I 5 = T hc ln hc

Sliding two-color pyrometry

T ( ) = (1 / ) (1 /( + )) Wien( ) Wien( + )
(2004)

h: the Plancks constant c: the speed of light k: the Boltzmanns constant : the wavelength of light T: the temperature : the emissivity

Benedetti, L.R., Loubeyre, P., High Press. Res. 24, 423445

The CO2-laser heating system in Frankfurt

Program for temperature determination from the thermal radiant emission

Problems: the emissivity and the chromatic aberration

2 hc 2 1 I= 5 e hc / kT 1

: The wavelength dependence of the emissivity is unknown for most crystals

Normal spectral emissivities for liquid and solid iron at melting point. (1808 K)
H. Watanabe, et al. International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 24, No. 2, March 2003 E. Schultz et al. High Pressure Research Vol. 25, No. 1, March 2005, 7183

Schwarzfeld objective

Problems:

Pressure and temperature distribution in laser heated DAC

Width defined by the entrance slit of spectrograph Height defined by pixel size and binning

Laser-heated diamondanvil cell geometry.

Temperature distribution in the diamondanvil cell (10GPa) with a) coesite sample and solid argon, with a total heating power W=19 W; b) corresponding thermal pressure distribution. A. Dewaele, et al.REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 69, NUMBER 6 JUNE 1998

Image of hot area

Problems:

Temperature determination for pulsed laser heating

Shape of our laser pulse measured with a photodetector ~solid line with filled points! and the corresponding calculated temperature of the stainless steel.

CO2 laser heating

S. Rekhi, et al. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS VOLUME 74, NUMBER 8 AUGUST 2003

Raman measurement
PbCO3 in NaCl at 6 GPa in DAC

Micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) 50 mW, 633 nm HeNe-Laser (200 mW, 532 nm Nd:YAG Laser)

AG Prof A. Woodland

Contents
Laser heating facility in Frankfurt
CO2 laser heating set-up Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Problems of temperature measurement Raman measurement

Sample preparation
Laser drilling Gas loading

Laser-heating facility in Petra III Outlook

Laser drilling - overview (after R. Boehler)

Gasket
Gasket materials: Steel, Tungsten and Rhenium

The laser drilled hole

Spark erosion machine (H. Ahsbahs)

Gas loading (N2, Ar, He, Ne)

Contents
Laser heating facility in Frankfurt
CO2 laser heating set-up Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Problems of temperature measurement Raman measurement

Sample preparation
Laser drilling Gas loading

Laser-heating facility at Petra-III Outlook

The fiber laser heating system

for extreme conditions-station@PETRA-III.

The fiber laser heating system

for extreme conditions-station@PETRA-III.

The fiber laser heating system

for extreme conditions-station@PETRA-III.

Outlook. Outlook
CO2 and Yb:fiber laser system works for one-sided annealing and heating of transparent and not transparent samples Sample preparation:
Autumn 2008: First gas loading in DAC

CO2:
Improvement of T- and Raman measurement

Petra III:
June 2008: Alignment and first laser heating experiment December 2008: one-sided laser heating system with half automation Summer 2009: double-sided laser heating system with automation

Acknowledgement
Dr. Alexandra Friedrich (Frankfurt University) Dr. Reinhard Boehler (MPI fr Chemie, Mainz) Prof. Bjrn Winkler (Frankfurt University) Dr. Leonid Dubrovinsky (BGI Bayreuth) The workshop Financial support: BMBF projekt (05KS7RF1): Laserheizung fr die 'extreme conditions'-Station an Petra-III . Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SPP1236 (Wi1232/25-1) JWGU Frankfurt: Cooling system for the laser Christiane-Nsslein-Volhard Stiftung

Thank you for your attention