Fungicide control

Dr Trevor Wicks
South Australian Research & Development Institute Waite Research Precinct, Adelaide

Control failures
Why didnt fungicides provide control this season?

Control failures
Fungicide type Low dosage Poor spray coverage Rain fastness Spray timing Fungicide resistance

Downy mildew disease control evaluation 2010-11

Number of replies
Agri-Fos Ridomil Acrobat Amistar Galben M Chlorothalonil Polyram Rebound Zineb Flint Cabrio Captan Copper Copper hydroxide Copper sulphate tribasic Delan Mancozeb 55 196 5 9 9 28 25 5 2 56 113 137 218 42 17 37 111 Perceived fail 2 14 2 0 1 4 2 0 0 7 8 24 40 6 3 2 23

Downy mildew Lenswood Research Centre 2010-11

November 2010

January 2011

April 2011

Downy mildew Lenswood Research centre 2010-11

Downy mildew

Powdery mildew preventative control 2010-11

Number of replies Filan Amistar Nustar Viva Prosper Folicur Flint Cabrio Topas Domark Legend Rubigan Mycloss tridimefon Bayfidan Copper ammonium complex Sulphur Ecocarb 20 6 1 1 98 5 75 125 92 9 66 38 81 4 57 23 258 68 Perceived fail 1 0 0 0 2 0 6 8 6 1 3 9 10 2 7 4 12 12

Powdery mildew curative control 2010-11

Number of replies
Filan Amistar Nustar Prosper Flint Cabrio Folicur Topas Domark Legend Rubigan Mycloss Bayfidan Sulphur Ecocarb 14 3 1 48 39 70 4 49 5 31 24 39 27 130 40

Perceived fail
0 0 0 2 2 5 1 4 1 2 14 16 11 14 30

Powdery Mildew Loxton 2011

Powdery mildew Loxton 15 Dec 2010

Sprayed vs Unsprayed Loxton 2011

Botrytis bunch rot fungicides 2010-11

Number of replies Perceived fail Filan Amistar Bravo Teldor Scala Switch Captan Eco Protector (fatty acid) Peratec (hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid) Rovral 10 4 11 17 29 36 48 2 26 70 2 1 2 4 7 8 18 1 12 24

Botrytis bunch rot Coonawarra April 2011

Control failures
Fungicide type Low dosage Poor spray coverage Rain fastness Tenacity Spray timing Fungicide resistance

Fungicide types
Disease diagnosis Few fungicides control both downy and powdery mildew exceptions strobilurins copper fungicides inhibit powdery Unknowns Ecocarb/Oil on downy mildew Peratec on mildews Others Compatibility - ?

Efficacy of common viticultural fungicides

Fungicide Strobilurins DMls Others Cabrio Flint Bayfidan, Mycloss Acrobat Agriphos Bravo Captan Coppers Delan Dithane Filan Legend Peratec Polyram Prosper Rovral Ridomil Teldor Scala Shirlan Sulphur Switch Powdery mildew + + + + + + ? + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ? + + + Downy mildew + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ? + ? + + + + + + + + + + + + Botrytis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ? + + + + + ? + + Phomopsis + ? + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + -

Dosage
Rate/100L Concentration factors - ? Spray volume - ? Large canopies underdosing

Rain fastness (Tenacity)

Influencing factors:
Fungicide type - DMIs & Strobilurins rainfast within 1 hour of application Formulation Deposit droplet size Drying time Stickers/wetters Target surface fixing in waxy cuticle Rain intensity Rain duration

Impact of precipitation on the performance of fungicides in grapes

Annemiek C. Schilder, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824

Spray coverage
Important with protectant fungicides e.g. sulphur ,coppers, mancozeb etc Less important with DMIs e.g. myclobutanil (Mycloss) or tebuconazole (Folicur) Strobilurins also diffuse into grape tissue Rapid growth dilution of chemical excessive foliage shingling

Spray timing
Wet Windy Flooding Mechanical breakdown Chemical availability Contractor over committed Tractor bogged

Block L Lenswood 2010/11

Spray Programs
1 Nil Nil Exp Cabrio Exp Cabrio Nil Exp Exp Cabrio Cabrio Nil Exp Sulphur Sulphur Sulphur

% leaves with downy mildew

81 65 1 67 1
10 days before rain 3 days after rain

Treatments

2 Exp 3 Exp 4 Prosper 5 Prosper

Spray timing
Protectants apply before rain regular sprays often ineffective if applied after rain shorten with rapid growth or excessive rain most effective when applied before symptoms appear phosohonates only true systemic fungicides powdery mildew difficult to wet downy mildew, reduced sporulation

Spray intervals Eradicant sprays Systemic activity Established disease

Fungicide resistance
Not widespread in Australian vineyards Downy mildew resistance to Metalaxyl (Ridomil) Powdery mildew resistance to DMIs (Bayfidan, Topas) resistance to strobilurins (Amistar, Cabrio, Flint?) Botrytis resistance to Iprodione (Rovral) Pyrimethanil (Scala)