Nonpolarregionofphospholipid. Answer:C Glycocalyx.Answer:A Polarregionofphospholipid.

Answer:B

Peripheralprotein.Answer:E Integralprotein.Answer:D Identification"tags"forthecell. Answer:A Receptorsforsignaltransducers. Answer:D Hydrophilicportion.Answer:B

17)Formspartoftheproteinsynthesisciteinthe cytoplasm. Answer: 18)Actas"interpreter"moleculesthatrecognizespecific aminoacidsandnucleotidebasesequences. Answer: 19)AttachesthecorrectaminoacidtoitstransferRNA. Answer: 20)Providestheenergyneededforsynthesisreactions. Answer: 21)Foundinthecytoplasm,thisstructurespecifiesthe exactsequenceofaminoacidsoftheproteintobemade. Answer: 22)MaybeattachedtotheERorscatteredinthe cytoplasm. Answer:

A)Synthetaseenzymes B)MessagerRNA C)TransferRNA D)RibosomalRNA E)ATP

17)Formspartoftheproteinsynthesiscitein thecytoplasm. Answer:D 18)Actas"interpreter"moleculesthat recognizespecificaminoacidsandnucleotide basesequences. Answer:C 19)Attachesthecorrectaminoacidtoits transferRNA. Answer:A 20)Providestheenergyneededforsynthesis reactions. Answer:E 21)Foundinthecytoplasm,thisstructure specifiestheexactsequenceofaminoacidsof theproteintobemade. Answer:B 22)MaybeattachedtotheERorscatteredin thecytoplasm. Answer:D

A)Synthetaseenzymes B)MessagerRNA C)TransferRNA D)RibosomalRNA E)ATP

23)Chromosomesdecoiltoformchromatin. Answer:

24)Chromosomalcentromeressplitandchromosomesmigrate tooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:

A)Earlyprophase B)Metaphase C)Lateprophase D)Telophase E)Anaphase

25)Nuclearmembraneandnucleolusdisintegrate. Answer:

26)Chromosomesalignonthespindleequator. Answer:

27)Centriolesmovetooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:

23)Chromosomesdecoiltoformchromatin. Answer:D

24)Chromosomalcentromeressplitandchromosomesmigrate tooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:E

A)Earlyprophase B)Metaphase C)Lateprophase D)Telophase E)Anaphase

25)Nuclearmembraneandnucleolusdisintegrate. Answer:C

26)Chromosomesalignonthespindleequator. Answer:B

27)Centriolesmovetooppositeendsofthecell. Answer:A

28)Playsaroleinsynthesisofsteroidbasedhormonesand proteins. Answer:

29)Theactualsiteofproteinsynthesis. Answer:

A)Ribosomes B)Microtubules C)Nucleoli D)Nucleus E)Endoplasmicreticulum

30)Hollow cytoskeletalelementsthatactasorganizersforthe cytoskeleton. Answer:

31)Densesphericalbodiesinthenucleusthataresynthesissite forribosomalRNA. Answer:

32)HousesDNAandRNA. Answer:

28)Playsaroleinsynthesisofsteroidbasedhormonesand proteins. Answer:E

29)Theactualsiteofproteinsynthesis. Answer:A

A)Ribosomes B)Microtubules C)Nucleoli D)Nucleus E)Endoplasmicreticulum

30)Hollow cytoskeletalelementsthatactasorganizersforthe cytoskeleton. Answer:B

31)Densesphericalbodiesinthenucleusthataresynthesissite forribosomalRNA. Answer:C

32)HousesDNAandRNA. Answer:D

True/FalseQuestions

1)Eachdaughtercellresultingfrommitoticcelldivisionhasexactlyasmany chromosomesastheparentcell. Answer: 2)Apoptosisisprogrammedcellsuicide,butcancercellsfailtoundergo apoptosis. Answer: 3)Thespindleisformedbythemigrationofthechromatin. Answer: 4)Finalpreparationforcelldivisionismadeduringthecelllifecyclesubphase calledG2. Answer: 5)ChromatinconsistsofDNAandRNA. Answer: 6)Inosmosis,movementofwateroccurstowardthesolution withthelowersoluteconcentration. Answer:

1)Eachdaughtercellresultingfrommitoticcelldivisionhasexactlyasmany chromosomesastheparentcell. Answer:TRUE 2)Apoptosisisprogrammedcellsuicide,butcancercellsfailtoundergo apoptosis. Answer:TRUE 3)Thespindleisformedbythemigrationofthechromatin. Answer:FALSE 4)Finalpreparationforcelldivisionismadeduringthecelllifecyclesubphase calledG2. Answer:TRUE 5)ChromatinconsistsofDNAandRNA. Answer:FALSE 6)Inosmosis,movementofwateroccurstowardthesolution withthelowersoluteconcentration. Answer:FALSE

7)ThegeneticinformationiscodedinDNAbytheregularalternationofsugar andphosphatemolecules. Answer: 8)Aprocessbywhichlargeparticlesmaybetakenintothecellforprotectionof thebodyorfordisposingofoldordeadcellsiscalledphagocytosis. Answer: 9)Theorderlysequenceofthephasesofmitosisisprophase,metaphase, anaphase,andtelophase. Answer: 10)Diffusionisalwaysfromareasofgreatertoareasoflesserconcentration. Answer: 11)Facilitateddiffusionalwaysrequiresacarrierprotein. Answer: 12)Pressurecausedbygravityisnecessaryforanyfiltrationpressuretooccurin thebody. Answer:

7)ThegeneticinformationiscodedinDNAbytheregularalternationofsugar andphosphatemolecules. Answer:FALSE 8)Aprocessbywhichlargeparticlesmaybetakenintothecellforprotection ofthebodyorfordisposingofoldordeadcellsiscalledphagocytosis. Answer:TRUE 9)Theorderlysequenceofthephasesofmitosisisprophase,metaphase, anaphase,andtelophase. Answer:TRUE 10)Diffusionisalwaysfromareasofgreatertoareasoflesserconcentration. Answer:TRUE 11)Facilitateddiffusionalwaysrequiresacarrierprotein. Answer:FALSE 12)Pressurecausedbygravityisnecessaryforanyfiltrationpressureto occurinthebody. Answer:FALSE

13)DNAtranscriptionisanotherwordforDNAreplication. Answer: 14)Theglycocalyxisoftenreferredtoasthe"cellcoat,"whichissomewhatfuzzy andstickywithnumerouscholesterolchainsstickingoutfromthesurfaceofthe cellmembrane. Answer: 15)Intheirrestingstate,allbodycellsexhibitarestingmembranepotential rangingfrom50toabout+50millivolts. Answer: 16)Microfilamentsarethinstrandsofthecontractileproteinmyosin. Answer: 17)Interstitialfluidrepresentsonetypeofextracellularmaterial. Answer:

13)DNAtranscriptionisanotherwordforDNAreplication. Answer:FALSE 14)Theglycocalyxisoftenreferredtoasthe"cellcoat,"whichissomewhatfuzzy andstickywithnumerouscholesterolchainsstickingoutfromthesurfaceofthe cellmembrane. Answer:FALSE 15)Intheirrestingstate,allbodycellsexhibitarestingmembranepotential rangingfrom50toabout+50millivolts. Answer:FALSE 16)Microfilamentsarethinstrandsofthecontractileproteinmyosin. Answer:FALSE 17)Interstitialfluidrepresentsonetypeofextracellularmaterial. Answer:TRUE

18)Hyperplasiagenerallymeansthatanorganwillincreaseinsizeduetothe excessiveformationofextracellularfluids. Answer: 19)AchemicalthatinhibitsDNAsynthesishasyettobefoundinagingcells. Answer: 20)Thecell(plasma)membranenormallycontainssubstantialamountsof cholesterol. Answer: 21)Aquaporinsarebelievedtobepresentinredbloodcells,kidneytubules, andveryfewothercellsinthebody. Answer: 22)Mostorganellesareboundedbyamembranethatisquitedifferentin structurefromthelipidbilayeroftheplasmamembrane. Answer:

18)Hyperplasiagenerallymeansthatanorganwillincreaseinsizeduetothe excessiveformationofextracellularfluids. Answer:FALSE

19)AchemicalthatinhibitsDNAsynthesishasyettobefoundinagingcells. Answer:FALSE 20)Thecell(plasma)membranenormallycontainssubstantialamountsof cholesterol. Answer:TRUE 21)Aquaporinsarebelievedtobepresentinredbloodcells,kidneytubules, andveryfewothercellsinthebody.

Answer:FALSE 22)Mostorganellesareboundedbyamembranethatisquitedifferentin structurefromthelipidbilayeroftheplasmamembrane. Answer:FALSE

Aquaporins:WaterChannels Watercrossescellmembranesbytworoutes:bydiffusion throughthelipidbilayerandthroughwaterchannelscalled aquaporins.

MajorSitesofExpression Aquaporin0

Comments Eye:lensfibercells Redbloodcells Kidney:proximaltubule Fluidbalancewithinthelens Osmoticprotection Concentrationofurine Productionofaqueoushumor Productionofcerebrospinalfluid Alveolarhydrationstate Mediatesantidiuretichormoneactivity Reabsorbtionofwaterintoblood Secretionofwaterintotrachea Reabsorbtionofwater CSFfluidbalance Osmosensingfunction? Bronchialfluidsecretion Productionofsaliva Productionoftears Verylowwaterpermeabilityfunction? Transportsglyceroloutofadipocytes

Aquaporin1

Eye:ciliaryepithelium Brain:choriodplexus Lung:alveolarepithelialcells

Aquaporin2 Aquaporin3*

Kidney:collectingducts Kidney:collectingducts Trachea:epithelialcells Kidney:collectingducts Brain:ependymalcells Brain:hypothalamus Lung:bronchialepithelium Salivaryglands Lacrimalglands Kidney Fatcells

Aquaporin4

Aquaporin5 Aquaporin6 Aquaporin7*

Testisandsperm Testis,pancreas,liver,others Leukocytes

Aquaporin8 Aquaporin9*

23)Onlyonecelltypeinthehumanbodyhasaflagellum.

Answer: 24)Microtubulesarehollowtubesmadeofsubunitsoftheproteintubulin.

Answer: 25)Telomeresaretheregionsofchromosomesthatcodefortheproteinubiquitin.

Answer:

23)Onlyonecelltypeinthehumanbodyhasaflagellum.

Answer:TRUE 24)Microtubulesarehollowtubesmadeofsubunitsoftheproteintubulin.

Answer:TRUE 25)Telomeresaretheregionsofchromosomesthatcodefortheproteinubiquitin.

Answer:FALSE

MultipleChoiceQuestions

1)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthegenerationofamembrane potential? A)Bothpotassiumandsodiumionscan"leak"throughthecellmembranedueto diffusion. B)Inthepolarizedstate,sodiumandpotassiumionconcentrationsareinstatic equilibrium. C)Themaintenanceofthepotentialisbasedexclusivelyondiffusionprocesses. D)Whenthesodiumpotassiumpumpisactivated,potassiumispumpedintothe celltwiceasfastasthesodiumispumpedout,thuscausingthemembrane potential.

2)Transcytosisis________. A)combininganendosomewithalysosomeanddegradingorreleasingthe contents B)transportinganendosomefromonesideofacelltotheotherandreleasing thecontentsbyexocytosis C)recyclingthecontentsoftheendosomebacktothesurfaceofthecell D)storingthecontentsoftheendosome

1)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthegenerationofamembrane potential? A)Bothpotassiumandsodiumionscan"leak"throughthecellmembranedueto diffusion. B)Inthepolarizedstate,sodiumandpotassiumionconcentrationsareinstatic equilibrium. C)Themaintenanceofthepotentialisbasedexclusivelyondiffusionprocesses. D)Whenthesodiumpotassiumpumpisactivated,potassiumispumpedintothe celltwiceasfastasthesodiumispumpedout,thuscausingthemembrane potential. Answer:A

2)Transcytosisis________. A)combininganendosomewithalysosomeanddegradingorreleasingthe contents B)transportinganendosomefromonesideofacelltotheotherandreleasing thecontentsbyexocytosis C)recyclingthecontentsoftheendosomebacktothesurfaceofthecell D)storingthecontentsoftheendosome Answer:B

3)Calciumionsarestored(inthecell)________. A)inthesmoothER B)intheroughER C)inbothsmoothandroughER D)inthecytoplasm

3)Calciumionsarestored(inthecell)________. A)inthesmoothER B)intheroughER C)inbothsmoothandroughER D)inthecytoplasm

Answer:A

4)TheRNAresponsibleforbringingtheaminoacidstothe"factory"sitefor proteinformationisthe________. A)rRNA B)mRNA C)tRNA D)ssRNA

5)Aredbloodcellplacedinpurewaterwould________. A)shrink B)swellinitially,thenshrinkasequilibriumisreached C)neithershrinknorswell D)swellandburst

4)TheRNAresponsibleforbringingtheaminoacidstothe"factory"sitefor proteinformationisthe________. A)rRNA B)mRNA C)tRNA D)ssRNA Answer:C 5)Aredbloodcellplacedinpurewaterwould________. A)shrink B)swellinitially,thenshrinkasequilibriumisreached C)neithershrinknorswell D)swellandburst

Answer:D

6)Theplasmamembrane(cellmembrane)is________. A)asinglelayeredmembranethatsurroundsthenucleusofthecell B)adoublelayerofproteinenclosingtheplasma C)thephospholipidbilayersurroundingthecell D)amembranecomposedoftinyshelvesorcristae

7)Whichoftheseisnotafunctionoftheplasmamembrane? A)Itisselectivelypermeable. B)Itpreventspotassiumionsfromleakingoutandsodiumionsfrom crossingintothecell. C)Itactsasasiteofcelltocellinteractionandrecognition. D)Itenclosesthecellcontents.

6)Theplasmamembrane(cellmembrane)is________. A)asinglelayeredmembranethatsurroundsthenucleusofthecell B)adoublelayerofproteinenclosingtheplasma C)thephospholipidbilayersurroundingthecell D)amembranecomposedoftinyshelvesorcristae Answer:C

7)Whichoftheseisnotafunctionoftheplasmamembrane? A)Itisselectivelypermeable. B)Itpreventspotassiumionsfromleakingoutandsodiumionsfrom crossingintothecell. C)Itactsasasiteofcelltocellinteractionandrecognition. D)Itenclosesthecellcontents.

Answer:B

8)Whichstructuresarefingerlikeprojectionsthatgreatlyincreasethe absorbingsurfaceofcells? A)stereocilia B)microvilli C)cilia D)flagella

9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingdiffusion? A)Therateofdiffusionisindependentoftemperature. B)Thegreatertheconcentrationofgradient,thefastertherateofdiffusion. C)Molecularweightofasubstancedoesnotaffecttherateofdiffusion. D)Thelowerthetemperature,thefasterthediffusionrate.

8)Whichstructuresarefingerlikeprojectionsthatgreatlyincreasethe absorbingsurfaceofcells? A)stereocilia B)microvilli C)cilia D)flagella

Answer:B

9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingdiffusion? A)Therateofdiffusionisindependentoftemperature. B)Thegreatertheconcentrationofgradient,thefastertherateofdiffusion. C)Molecularweightofasubstancedoesnotaffecttherateofdiffusion. D)Thelowerthetemperature,thefasterthediffusionrate.

Answer:B

10)Celljunctionsthatpromotethecoordinatedactivityofcellsbyphysically bindingthemtogetherintoacellcommunityincludeallofthefollowingexcept ________. A)gapjunctions B)desmosomes C)peroxisomes D)tightjunctions

11)Ifcellsareplacedinahypertonicsolutioncontainingasolutetowhichthe membraneisimpermeable,whatcouldhappen? A)Thecellswillswellandultimatelyburst. B)Thecellswilllosewaterandshrink. C)Thecellswillshrinkatfirst,butwilllaterreachequilibriumwiththesurrounding solutionandreturntotheiroriginalcondition. D)Thecellswillshownochangeduetodiffusionofbothsoluteandsolvent.

10)Celljunctionsthatpromotethecoordinatedactivityofcellsbyphysically bindingthemtogetherintoacellcommunityincludeallofthefollowingexcept ________. A)gapjunctions B)desmosomes C)peroxisomes D)tightjunctions Answer:C

11)Ifcellsareplacedinahypertonicsolutioncontainingasolutetowhichthe membraneisimpermeable,whatcouldhappen? A)Thecellswillswellandultimatelyburst. B)Thecellswilllosewaterandshrink. C)Thecellswillshrinkatfirst,butwilllaterreachequilibriumwiththesurrounding solutionandreturntotheiroriginalcondition. D)Thecellswillshownochangeduetodiffusionofbothsoluteandsolvent. Answer:B

12)Whichofthefollowingisnotasubcellularstructure? A)intercellularmaterial B)membranes C)cytoplasm D)organelles

13)Oncesolidmaterialisphagocytizedandtakenintoavacuole,whichofthe followingstatementsbestdescribeswhathappens? A)Aribosomeentersthevacuoleandusestheaminoacidsinthe"invader"to formnewprotein. B)Alysosomecombineswiththevacuoleanddigeststheenclosedsolid material. C)Thevacuoleremainsseparatedfromthecytoplasmandthesolidmaterial persistsunchanged. D)Oxygenentersthevacuoleand"burns"theenclosedsolidmaterial.

12)Whichofthefollowingisnotasubcellularstructure? A)intercellularmaterial B)membranes C)cytoplasm D)organelles Answer:A 13)Oncesolidmaterialisphagocytizedandtakenintoavacuole,whichofthe followingstatementsbestdescribeswhathappens? A)Aribosomeentersthevacuoleandusestheaminoacidsinthe"invader"to formnewprotein. B)Alysosomecombineswiththevacuoleanddigeststheenclosedsolid material. C)Thevacuoleremainsseparatedfromthecytoplasmandthesolidmaterial persistsunchanged. D)Oxygenentersthevacuoleand"burns"theenclosedsolidmaterial. Answer:B

14)RiboswitchesarefoldedRNAsthatactasswitchestoturnproteinsynthesis onoroffinresponseto_________.

A)changesintheenvironment B)specifictRNAs C)specificcodesfromtheDNA D)presenceorabsenceofubiquitins

15)Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofaplasmamembraneprotein? A)circulatingantibody B)moleculartransportthroughthemembrane C)formsalipidbilayer D)oxygentransport

14)RiboswitchesarefoldedRNAsthatactasswitchestoturnproteinsynthesis onoroffinresponseto_________.

A)changesintheenvironment B)specifictRNAs C)specificcodesfromtheDNA D)presenceorabsenceofubiquitins Answer:A 15)Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofaplasmamembraneprotein? A)circulatingantibody B)moleculartransportthroughthemembrane C)formsalipidbilayer D)oxygentransport Answer:B

16)WhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingRNA? A)MessengerRNA,transferRNA,andribosomalRNAplayaroleinprotein synthesis. B)IfthebasesequenceofDNAisATTGCA,themessengerRNAtemplate willbeUCCAGU. C)ThereisaspecifictypeofmRNAforeachaminoacid. D)rRNAisalwaysattachedtotheroughER.

17)Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbeaconstituentofaplasma membrane? A)glycolipids B)messengerRNA C)glycoproteins D)phospholipids

16)WhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingRNA? A)MessengerRNA,transferRNA,andribosomalRNAplayaroleinprotein synthesis. B)IfthebasesequenceofDNAisATTGCA,themessengerRNAtemplate willbeUCCAGU. C)ThereisaspecifictypeofmRNAforeachaminoacid. D)rRNAisalwaysattachedtotheroughER. Answer:A

17)Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbeaconstituentofaplasma membrane? A)glycolipids B)messengerRNA C)glycoproteins D)phospholipids Answer:B

18)Mitosisis________. A)formationofsexcells B)nucleusreplication C)tocreatediversityingeneticpotential D)divisionofacell

19)Theelectronmicroscopehasrevealedthatoneofthecomponentswithin thecellconsistsofmicrotubulesarrangedtoformahollowtube.Thisstructure is________.

A)centrosome B)centriole C)chromosome D)ribosome

18)Mitosisis________. A)formationofsexcells B)nucleusreplication C)tocreatediversityingeneticpotential D)divisionofacell Answer:B

19)Theelectronmicroscopehasrevealedthatoneofthecomponentswithin thecellconsistsofmicrotubulesarrangedtoformahollowtube.Thisstructure is________.

A)centrosome B)centriole C)chromosome D)ribosome Answer:B

20)Whichoftheseisaninclusion,notanorganelle? A)melanin B)lysosome C)microtubule D)cilia

21)Hyperplasiameans__________.

A)programmedcelldeath B)abnormalitiesincellstructure C)aconditionwherethecelloverproduces"cellglue" D)acceleratedgrowth

20)Whichoftheseisaninclusion,notanorganelle? A)melanin B)lysosome C)microtubule D)cilia

Answer:A 21)Hyperplasiameans__________.

A)programmedcelldeath B)abnormalitiesincellstructure C)aconditionwherethecelloverproduces"cellglue" D)acceleratedgrowth Answer:D

22)IfthenucleotideorbasesequenceoftheDNAstrandusedasa templateformessengerRNAsynthesisisACGTT,thenthesequenceof basesinthecorrespondingmRNAwouldbe________. A)TGCAA B)ACGTT C)UGCAA D)GUACC

23)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingcellsinhumans? A)Organellesareindependentlifeforms. B)Maximumcelldiameterislimitedto2micrometers. C)Cellscanbeaslongas1meter. D)Mostcellsofanadulthaveaveryshortlifespan.

22)IfthenucleotideorbasesequenceoftheDNAstrandusedasa templateformessengerRNAsynthesisisACGTT,thenthesequenceof basesinthecorrespondingmRNAwouldbe________. A)TGCAA B)ACGTT C)UGCAA D)GUACC Answer:C 23)Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingcellsinhumans? A)Organellesareindependentlifeforms. B)Maximumcelldiameterislimitedto2micrometers. C)Cellscanbeaslongas1meter. D)Mostcellsofanadulthaveaveryshortlifespan.

Answer:C

24)Phospholipids________. A)areexclusivelyhydrophilicmolecules B)containpolartailsandnonpolarheadgroups C)arebothhydrophilicandhydrophobicinnature D)formthelipidbilayer,withtailsdirectedtotheoutside 25)Passivemembranetransportprocessesinclude________. A)movementofasubstancedownitsconcentrationgradient B)movementofwaterfromanareaoflowconcentrationtoanareaofhigh concentration C)consumptionofATP D)theuseoftransportproteinswhenmovingsubstancesfromareasoflowto highconcentration 26)Enzymescalled_________destroythecell'sDNAandcytoskeleton, producingaquickdeathtothecell. A)ubiquitins B)cyclins C)capsases D)DNApolymeraseIII

24)Phospholipids________. A)areexclusivelyhydrophilicmolecules B)containpolartailsandnonpolarheadgroups C)arebothhydrophilicandhydrophobicinnature D)formthelipidbilayer,withtailsdirectedtotheoutside Answer:C 25)Passivemembranetransportprocessesinclude________. A)movementofasubstancedownitsconcentrationgradient B)movementofwaterfromanareaoflowconcentrationtoanareaofhigh concentration C)consumptionofATP D)theuseoftransportproteinswhenmovingsubstancesfromareasoflowto highconcentration Answer:A 26)Enzymescalled_________destroythecell'sDNAandcytoskeleton, producingaquickdeathtothecell. A)ubiquitins B)cyclins C)capsases D)DNApolymeraseIII Answer:C

27)Mitochondria________. A)arealwaysthesameshape B)aresinglemembranestructuresinvolvedinthebreakdownofATP C)containsomeofthecodenecessaryfortheirownduplication D)synthesizeproteinsforuseoutsidethecell

28)Ribosomes,endoplasmicreticulum,andtheGolgiapparatusfunctionallyact insequencetosynthesizeandmodifyproteinsforsecretoryuse(export)only, neverforusebythecell.Thisstatementis________. A)falseproteinsthusmanufacturedareforuseinsidethecellonly B)falseintegralcellmembraneproteinsarealsosynthesizedthisway C)falselipids,notproteins,aresynthesizedthisway D)true

27)Mitochondria________. A)arealwaysthesameshape B)aresinglemembranestructuresinvolvedinthebreakdownofATP C)containsomeofthecodenecessaryfortheirownduplication D)synthesizeproteinsforuseoutsidethecell Answer:C 28)Ribosomes,endoplasmicreticulum,andtheGolgiapparatusfunctionallyact insequencetosynthesizeandmodifyproteinsforsecretoryuse(export)only, neverforusebythecell.Thisstatementis________. A)falseproteinsthusmanufacturedareforuseinsidethecellonly B)falseintegralcellmembraneproteinsarealsosynthesizedthisway C)falselipids,notproteins,aresynthesizedthisway D)true Answer:B

29)Peroxisomes________. A)alsocalledmicrobodies,containacidhydrolases B)areabletodetoxifysubstancesbyenzymaticaction C)functiontodigestparticlesingestedbyendocytosis D)sometimesfunctionassecretoryvesicles

30)DNAreplication________. A)canalsobecalledmitosis B)isspontaneous,notrequiringenzymeaction C)takesplaceduringinterphaseofthecellcycle D)occursonlyintranslationallyactiveareas

29)Peroxisomes________. A)alsocalledmicrobodies,containacidhydrolases B)areabletodetoxifysubstancesbyenzymaticaction C)functiontodigestparticlesingestedbyendocytosis D)sometimesfunctionassecretoryvesicles Answer:B

30)DNAreplication________. A)canalsobecalledmitosis B)isspontaneous,notrequiringenzymeaction C)takesplaceduringinterphaseofthecellcycle D)occursonlyintranslationallyactiveareas Answer:C

31)Whichstatementisthemostcorrectregardingtranscription/translation? A)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforit. B)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine. C)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforit. D)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine.

32)Inthemaintenanceofthecellrestingmembranepotential________. A)extracellularsodiumlevelsarehigh B)cellsaremorepermeabletoNa+thanK+ C)thesteadystateinvolvesonlypassiveprocesses D)theinsideofthecellispositiverelativetoitsoutside

31)Whichstatementisthemostcorrectregardingtranscription/translation? A)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforit. B)ThenucleotidesequenceinamRNAcodonisanexactcopyoftheDNAtriplet thatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine. C)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforit. D)ThenucleotidesequenceinatRNAanticodonisanexactcopyoftheDNA tripletthatcodedforitexceptthaturacilissubstitutedforthymine. Answer:D 32)Inthemaintenanceofthecellrestingmembranepotential________. A)extracellularsodiumlevelsarehigh B)cellsaremorepermeabletoNa+thanK+ C)thesteadystateinvolvesonlypassiveprocesses D)theinsideofthecellispositiverelativetoitsoutside

Answer:A

33)Whichofthefollowingisaconceptofthecelltheory? A)Simplecellscanarisespontaneouslyfromrottingvegetation. B)Acellisthebasicstructuralandfunctionalunitoflivingorganisms. C)Thesubcellularorganelleisthebasicunitoflife. D)Onlyhigherorganismsarecomposedofcells.

34)Cellsarecomposedmainlyof________.

A)carbon,potassium,sodium,nitrogen B)carbon,sodium,nitrogen,calcium C)calcium,oxygen,sodium,potassium D)carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen

33)Whichofthefollowingisaconceptofthecelltheory? A)Simplecellscanarisespontaneouslyfromrottingvegetation. B)Acellisthebasicstructuralandfunctionalunitoflivingorganisms. C)Thesubcellularorganelleisthebasicunitoflife. D)Onlyhigherorganismsarecomposedofcells.

Answer:B 34)Cellsarecomposedmainlyof________.

A)carbon,potassium,sodium,nitrogen B)carbon,sodium,nitrogen,calcium C)calcium,oxygen,sodium,potassium D)carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen Answer:D

35)Whichofthefollowingisaprincipleofthefluidmosaicmodelofcell membranestructure? A)Phospholipidsformabilayerthatislargelyimpermeabletowatersoluble molecules. B)Phospholipidsconsistofapolarheadandanonpolartailmadeofthreefatty acidchains. C)Thelipidbilayerisasolidatbodytemperature,thusprotectingthecell. D)Allproteinsassociatedwiththecellmembranearecontainedinafluidlayer ontheoutsideofthecell.

36)Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostcorrectregardingtheintracellular chemicalsignalsknownas"secondmessengers"? A)SecondmessengersactthroughreceptorscalledKproteins. B)Secondmessengersusuallyinactivateproteinkinaseenzymes. C)CyclicAMPandcalciumaresecondmessengers. D)Secondmessengersusuallyacttoremovenitricoxide(NO)fromthecell.

35)Whichofthefollowingisaprincipleofthefluidmosaicmodelofcell membranestructure? A)Phospholipidsformabilayerthatislargelyimpermeabletowatersoluble molecules. B)Phospholipidsconsistofapolarheadandanonpolartailmadeofthreefatty acidchains. C)Thelipidbilayerisasolidatbodytemperature,thusprotectingthecell. D)Allproteinsassociatedwiththecellmembranearecontainedinafluidlayer ontheoutsideofthecell.

Answer:A

36)Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostcorrectregardingtheintracellular chemicalsignalsknownas"secondmessengers"?

A)SecondmessengersactthroughreceptorscalledKproteins. B)Secondmessengersusuallyinactivateproteinkinaseenzymes. C)CyclicAMPandcalciumaresecondmessengers. D)Secondmessengersusuallyacttoremovenitricoxide(NO)fromthecell. Answer:C

37)Themaincomponentofthecytosolis________. A)proteins B)sugars C)salts D)water

38)Lysosomes________.

A)areusedmainlyforthecellto"commitsuicide" B)containacidhydrolasesthatarepotentiallydangeroustothecell C)maintainahighlyalkalineinternalenvironment D)arethemajorsiteofproteinsynthesis

37)Themaincomponentofthecytosolis________. A)proteins B)sugars C)salts D)water

Answer:D

38)Lysosomes________.

A)areusedmainlyforthecellto"commitsuicide" B)containacidhydrolasesthatarepotentiallydangeroustothecell C)maintainahighlyalkalineinternalenvironment D)arethemajorsiteofproteinsynthesis

Answer:B

39)Theendomembranesystemis________.

A)asystembywhichcellsarerivetedtogetherbydesmosomes B)aninteractivesystemoforganelleswhosemembranesarephysicallyor functionallyconnected C)theprocessbywhichbacteriatookupresidenceinancientcells D)asystemofhydrophiliclipidmonolayersthatsurroundcellorganelles

40)Thefunctionsofcentriolesinclude________.

A)organizingthemitoticspindleincelldivision B)providingawhiplikebeatingmotiontomovesubstancesalongcell surfaces C)servingasthesiteforribosomalRNAsynthesis D)producingATP

39)Theendomembranesystemis________.

A)asystembywhichcellsarerivetedtogetherbydesmosomes B)aninteractivesystemoforganelleswhosemembranesarephysicallyor functionallyconnected C)theprocessbywhichbacteriatookupresidenceinancientcells D)asystemofhydrophiliclipidmonolayersthatsurroundcellorganelles

Answer:B 40)Thefunctionsofcentriolesinclude________.

A)organizingthemitoticspindleincelldivision B)providingawhiplikebeatingmotiontomovesubstancesalongcell surfaces C)servingasthesiteforribosomalRNAsynthesis D)producingATP

Answer:A

41)Agenecanbestbedefinedas________.

A)athreebasetripletthatspecifiesaparticularaminoacid B)noncodingsegmentsofDNAupto100,000nucleotideslong C)asegmentofDNAthatcarriestheinstructionsforonepolypeptidechain D)anRNAmessengerthatcodesforaparticularpolypeptide

41)Agenecanbestbedefinedas________.

A)athreebasetripletthatspecifiesaparticularaminoacid B)noncodingsegmentsofDNAupto100,000nucleotideslong C)asegmentofDNAthatcarriestheinstructionsforonepolypeptidechain D)anRNAmessengerthatcodesforaparticularpolypeptide

Answer:C

42)Extracellularmatrixis________.

A)composedofstrandsofactinprotein B)themostabundantextracellularmaterial C)atypeofimpermeablecelljunctionfoundinepithelia D)notpresentinconnectivetissue

43)Crenationisanexampleof________. A)bloodcellsinanisotonicsolution B)bloodcellsinahypotonicsolution C)bloodcellsinahypertonicsolution D)bloodcellsinbloodplasma

42)Extracellularmatrixis________.

A)composedofstrandsofactinprotein B)themostabundantextracellularmaterial C)atypeofimpermeablecelljunctionfoundinepithelia D)notpresentinconnectivetissue Answer:B

43)Crenationisanexampleof________. A)bloodcellsinanisotonicsolution B)bloodcellsinahypotonicsolution C)bloodcellsinahypertonicsolution D)bloodcellsinbloodplasma

Answer:C

44)Somehormonesentercellsvia________. A)exocytosis B)endocytosis C)pinocytosis D)receptormediatedendocytosis

45)IfatRNAhadanAGCanticodon,itcouldattachtoa(n)________ mRNAcodon.

A)AUG B)UCG C)TCG D)UGA

44)Somehormonesentercellsvia________. A)exocytosis B)endocytosis C)pinocytosis D)receptormediatedendocytosis Answer:D

45)IfatRNAhadanAGCanticodon,itcouldattachtoa(n)________ mRNAcodon.

A)AUG B)UCG C)TCG D)UGA

Answer:B

FillintheBlank/ShortAnswer Questions

1)TheRNAthathasananticodonandattachestoaspecificaminoacidis ________RNA. Answer: 2)Watermaymovethroughmembraneporesconstructedby transmembraneproteinscalled________. Answer: 3)________isthedivisionofthecytoplasm. Answer: 4)Themetabolicorgrowthphaseofacelllifecycleiscalled________. Answer:

5)InorderfortheDNAmoleculetoget"shortandfat"tobecomea chromosome,itmustfirstwraparoundsmallmoleculescalled________. Answer:

1)TheRNAthathasananticodonandattachestoaspecificaminoacidis ________RNA. Answer:transfer 2)Watermaymovethroughmembraneporesconstructedby transmembraneproteinscalled________. Answer: aquaporins 3)________isthedivisionofthecytoplasm. Answer: Cytokinesis

4)Themetabolicorgrowthphaseofacelllifecycleiscalled________. Answer: interphase

5)InorderfortheDNAmoleculetoget"shortandfat"tobecomea chromosome,itmustfirstwraparoundsmallmoleculescalled________. Answer: histones

6)________arehollowtubesmadeofsphericalproteinsubunitscalled tubulins. Answer: 7)Aerobiccellularrespirationoccursinthe________. Answer: 8)TwoveryimportantsecondmessengersusedintheGproteinlinkedreceptor mechanismarecyclicAMPand________. Answer: 9)Themostcommonextracellularionis________. Answer: 10)Theprocessofdischargingparticlesfrominsideacelltotheoutsideis called________. Answer: 11)Aredbloodcellwouldswellifitssurroundingsolutionwere________. Answer:

6)________arehollowtubesmadeofsphericalproteinsubunitscalled tubulins. Answer:Microtubules 7)Aerobiccellularrespirationoccursinthe________. Answer:mitochondria 8)TwoveryimportantsecondmessengersusedintheGproteinlinkedreceptor mechanismarecyclicAMPand________. Answer:ioniccalcium 9)Themostcommonextracellularionis________. Answer:sodium 10)Theprocessofdischargingparticlesfrominsideacelltotheoutsideis called________. Answer: exocytosis 11)Aredbloodcellwouldswellifitssurroundingsolutionwere________. Answer:hypotonic

12)A________isachannelbetweencells. Answer: 13)DescribetwoimportantfunctionsoftheGolgiapparatus. Answer:. 14)Whycanwesaythatacellwithoutanucleuswillultimatelydie? Answer: 15)AreBrownianmotion,diffusion,andosmosisseenonlyinlivingtissue? Answer:.

16)Whatforcesmaintainasteadystate"resting"membranepotential? Answer:

12)A________isachannelbetweencells. Answer: connexon 13)DescribetwoimportantfunctionsoftheGolgiapparatus. Answer:Tomodify,sort,andpackageproteins. 14)Whycanwesaythatacellwithoutanucleuswillultimatelydie? Answer:Withoutanucleus,acellcannotmakeproteins,norcanitreplaceany enzymesorothercellstructures(whicharecontinuouslyrecycled). Additionally,suchacellcouldnotreplicate. 15)AreBrownianmotion,diffusion,andosmosisseenonlyinlivingtissue? Answer:No.Sincetheyarepassiveprocessesthatdonotrequireenergy, theycanoccurintheabsenceofanycellularprocesses.

16)Whatforcesmaintainasteadystate"resting"membranepotential? Answer:Bothdiffusionandactivetransportmechanismsoperatewithinthe cellmembranetomaintainarestingmembranepotential.

17)Brieflydescribetheglycocalyxanditsfunctions. Answer: 18)Explainthetermgeneticcode.Whatdoesitcodefor?Whatarethelettersof thecode? Answer:

19)Whyarefreeradicalssodangeroustocells,andhowaretheydealtwithby thebody? Answer:

17)Brieflydescribetheglycocalyxanditsfunctions. Answer:Theglycocalyxisthesticky,carbohydraterichareaonthecell surface.Ithelpsbindcellstogetherandprovidesahighlyspecific biologicalmarkerbywhichcellscanrecognizeeachother. 18)Explainthetermgeneticcode.Whatdoesitcodefor?Whatarethelettersof thecode? Answer:Thegeneticcodeistheinformationencodedinthenucleotide basesequenceofDNA.Asequenceofthreebases,calledatriplet, specifiesaminoacidinaprotein.Thelettersofthecodearethefour nucleotidebasesofDNAdesignatedasA,T,C,andG. 19)Whyarefreeradicalssodangeroustocells,andhowaretheydealtwithby thebody? Answer:Freeradicalsarehighlyreactivechemicalsthatcausehavocin anycellularenvironmentbyreactingwiththingstheyshouldnot.Cellswith peroxisomeshaveenzymesspecifictoreducingfreeradicalsintoless reactivechemicals

20)Inalllivingcellshydrostaticandosmoticpressuresexist. Definethese pressuresandexplainhowtheyareusedintheconceptoftonicityofthecell. Answer: 21)Whatisthecommonrouteofentryforfluvirusesintoacell? Answer:

22)WhichorganelleshavetheirownDNA? Answer:

20)Inalllivingcellshydrostaticandosmoticpressuresexist. Definethese pressuresandexplainhowtheyareusedintheconceptoftonicityofthecell. Answer:Hydrostaticpressureisthepressureofwaterexertedonthe cellmembrane.Osmoticpressureiscreatedbydifferentconcentrations ofmoleculesinasolutionseparatedbythecellmembrane.Sincethese pressuresareexertedonthemembranetheycanbeusedbythecellto changetheshapeofthecell,regulatesubstancesenteringandexiting thecell,andbringaboutthepolarityofthecell.

21)Whatisthecommonrouteofentryforfluvirusesintoacell? Answer:Fluvirusesanddiphtheriatoxinsusereceptormediated endocytosis.Theviruscanattachtothereceptorsortothesubstances thereceptorsacceptto"hitcharide"intothecell.

22)WhichorganelleshavetheirownDNA? Answer:Mitochondria,nucleus,andcentrioles

23)Howaretheproductsoffreeribosomesdifferentfrommembranebound ribosomes? Answer:

24)Howareperoxisomesdifferentfromlysosomes? Answer:

25)Brieflynamethesubphasesofinterphaseandtellwhattheydo. Answer:

23)Howaretheproductsoffreeribosomesdifferentfrommembranebound ribosomes? Answer:Freeribosomesmakesolubleproteinsthatfunctioninthe cytosol.Membraneboundribosomesproduceproteinsthataretobe usedonthecellmembraneorexportedfromthecell. 24)Howareperoxisomesdifferentfromlysosomes? Answer:Someoftheperoxisomesareoxidaseswhichuseoxygento detoxifyharmfulsubstances.Theyareverygoodatneutralizingfree radicals. Peroxisomesdividebysimplybudding. Lysosomeshave powerfulhydrolyticenzymesthatwillprettymuchdestroyanything theycomeincontactwith.TheyaremanufacturedbytheGolgi apparatus. 25)Brieflynamethesubphasesofinterphaseandtellwhattheydo. Answer:G1growthphase.Thecellismetabolicallyactiveandthe centriolebeginstodivideattheendofthisphase. SDNAreplicatesitself.Newhistonesaremadeandassembledinto chromatin. G2Enzymesandproteinsaresynthesizedandcentriolereplicationis completed.Thisisthefinalphaseofinterphase