( )

1 Ivan Pavlov
SR
2 (R.Gagne)

(1) ()
(2) ()
(3) ()
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)]
(8)

3 (E.L.Thorndike)
(1)
(2)
(3)

1 (Abstract Intelligence)()

2 (Mechanical Intelligence)

3 (Social Intelligence)

(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)
4(L.S.Vygotsky)
(1)(Zone of Proxinal Development)
()
()
(2)(Scaffolding)

5(J.S.Brunner)
1

(1)
1 (Enactive Representeation)

2 (Iconic Representation)
(Mental Image)
3 (Symbolic Representeation)

(2) (Discovery Learning)

(3)
( MACOS
)
(4)
1
(5) (Spiral Curriculum)

6(G.M.Kerchensteiner)

7(Judd)

8(Bernard Weiner)
(1)

1
(2)
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
9(J.F.Herbart)
(1)
1
2
3
2

4
(2)
(3)
10(P.Wechsler)
(1) (Deviaion IQ)

(2) 100 15
IQ100152
130
11(J.Lancaster)

12

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(4)
13(A.Bandurs)
1
1

2
(
)
2

1 2 3 4
14(Havighurst)(Developent Task)

1 ()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
3

2 ()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
15(J.E.Megley)
1 Z x y
x y

2 Z
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
16(H.Spencer)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

17(Parkhurst) 1920

(1)
(2) ()
(3) ()

(4)~

(5)

18(D.Ausubel)
(1) (Meaningful Learning)
4

(2) (Advance Orgnizer)

()
(Advance Organizer)
(3) ()
(
)
19(C.R.Richards)
(1) 1900

(2)

21(E.H.Erikson)

(1) (Componential Intelligence)

1
2
3
(2) (Ccntextual Intelligence)

4
(3) (Experiential Intelligence)

1
2
22

(1) (Primary Learning)

1
5


2
(2) (Associate Learning)
1
2

(3)(Concomitant Learning)
1
2
(4)
1
2
3
4
23(J.Dewey)
(1)
(2)

(3)
24(E.Durjhein)
(1)
(2)

(3)

26
(1)
(2)
27(R.J.Sternberg)

28(Ward)(Social Telesis)

29(Stuffbean) CIPP
(1) (Context Evaluation)
(2) (Input Evaluation)
(3) (Process Evaluation)
(4) (Product Evaluation)
30
(1)
6

(2) ()
(3)
(4)
31(Rotter)
(Locus of Control)

()
()
()
32(Bandura)(Self-efficacyTheory)

()
33(Spearman)(The Two-factor Theory)

1 (General Factor)G

2 (Special Factor)S

34(S.Frend)
1
2

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3

35(W.Kohler)(Insight Learning)

36(K.Lewin)
(1)
7

(2) (Field Theory)

37(B.S.Bloom)

(1) (Cogintive Domain)

(2) (Affective Domain)
(3) (Psvchomotor Doain)

(1) (Knowledge)
(2) (Comprehesion)

(3) (Application)

(4) (Analysis)

(5) (Synthesis)

(6) ()(Evaluation)

4 (Mastery Learning)

38(E.C.Tolmon)
(1) ()
(Cognitive Map)

(2)
39(Rouseau)
(1) (Back to Nature)

(2)
(3)
(4) (Emile)
40()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
41

42(W.Reine)
8

(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)
43(G.Walls)
(1) (Preparation)

(2) (Incnbation)

(3) (Illumination)
(4) (Vertification)

44(Skinner)

45( C.Washbume)
(1)1919

(2)

46(J.H.Pestalozi)
(1)
(2) 1975 (New-hof) ()
1798 (Starz)
(3)
(4)

47(Fitts)
(Cognitive Phase)
(1)

(2)

(Fixation Phase)
(1)

(2)
(Autonomous Phase)
9

(1)
(2)

48 (Tyler)
1

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
2
49(F.Bobbitt)
(1)
(2)

(3)
51
53
56(Froebel)
1837 1840

(1)

(2)
(3)
3

5
6
7
57(F.Bacon)
(1)
(2)

(3)

10

58(J.G.Fichte)

(1)

(2)
(3)

59(E.Spranger)
1
2

3
(1) (Truth)
(2) (Utility)
(3) (Form and Harmony)
(4) (Love)
(5) (Power)
(6) (Unity)

60(I.Kant)

(1)

(2)
63(Klausmeier)

1138 237=?
64(Robinson) SQ3R
SO3R
(1) (Surver.S)
(2) (Question.Q)
(3) (Read.R)
(4) (Recite.R)
(5) (Review.R)

65(Maslow)
1
2
(1) (Physiological Need)
11


(2) (Safety Need)

(3) (Belongingness and Love Nee)]

(4) (Self-esteem Need)

(5) (Need to Know)

(6) (Aesthetic Need)

(7) (Self-actualization Need)

(B ) G
66(F.Heider)
1 ()(Situational
Attribution)
2

67(Covington)

(1)
(2)

(3)
68(R.B.Cattel)
(1) (Fluid Itellifence)

(2) (Crystallized Intelligence)

69(L.LThurstone)

(1) (Verbal Comprehension V)

(2) (Wodr Fluency W)
(3) (Number N)
( )(Spacd S)
(4) (Associaive A)
(5) (Perceptula Speed)
(6) (General Reasoning R)
70(J.P.Guilford)
1
12


(1) (Content)

1
2
3
4
5 ()
(2) (Qoeration)
1
2
3
4
5
6

(3) (Product)
1
2
3
4
5
6

2 566180
3
71 (H.Gardner) (Theory of Multiple
Intelligence)
(1) (Linguistic Intelligence)
(2) (Logic-mathematical Intelligence)

(3) (Spatial Intelligence)

(4) (Musical Intelligence)
(5) (Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligenec)

(6) (Interpersonal Intelligence)

(7) (Intrapersonal Intelligence)
74(H.A.Witkin)
1
2
13

(1)
(2)
75(A.Comte)
(1)
(2)

76(H.Spencer)

77

78(J.Piaget)
1
2
(1) (2)
(2)
3 (Cognitive Development)

4
(1) (Sensorimotor Stage)0~

(2) (Pieoperational Stage)~()

(3) (Concrete Operational Stage)~(

)
(4) (Formal Operational Stage)(
)

(1)(Heteronomous Stage)
1 ~()
2
3

(2) (Autonomous Stage)

1 ~()
2

3 ~()

4
14


(Anomous)

79(L.Kohlberg)
1 (Preconvenitonal Level of Morality)
()()

(1)
(2)
(
)
(Conventional Level of Morality)

(1) ()

(2)

(Postconventional Level of Morality)

()
(1)

(2)
()
80(Osborene)

81(Philipp)

82(H.L.Morrison)
1
(1) (Exploration)

15

(2) (Presentaion)

(3) (Assimilatipn)

(4) (Prganization)

(5) (Recitation)

2
87(R.J.Jibler)(The General Model of
Instruction GMI)

88(L.J.Cromdach) a
89(W.A.McCall) T
50 10
T10Z5010(XXS)50
90 (L.G.Uulick) (Planning)
(Organizing)(Staffing)(Directiug)(Coordinating)
(Reporting)(Buagetiug)POSDCORB
91(W.Wundt) 1879
1879

92(W.James)()

93(M.Wertheimer) 1912
(Gestalt Psychology)

94(S.Freud) 1896
95 (A.Masow)
(Humanisic Pstchologt)

96(T.Young)

97(Walk) (Gibson)(Visual Cliff)

()
98(J.A.Murray)(C.D.Morgan) 1935
16

(TAT)

99(A.Ellis)

100 (Fesstiner) cognitive

dissonance theory

17