3.

7
Cell respiration

Breathing and Cell Respiration are related but they Are not the same concept

O2

CO2

BREATHING

Lungs

CO2

Bloodstream

Muscle cells O carrying out

2

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Sugar + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O

What is cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Glucose

Oxygen gas

Carbon dioxide

Water

Energy

food

Air you breathe

Air you exhale Present inside the cell

Used By cells

Generation of ATP There are two ways to generate ATP

Chemiosmosis Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

General Outline Glucose

Glycolysis 2 ATP
Oxygen Aerobic Pyruvic Acid No Oxygen Anaerobic

Transition Reaction Fermentation Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain 34 ATP 36 ATP

Glycolysis Where? The cytosol What? Breaks down glucose to pyruvic acid

Overview general idea glucose 6-c into pyruvate 3-c

Glycolysis Energy In: 2 ATP

Steps A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP.

Glucose Step Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate

Step A six-carbon intermediate splits into two three-carbon intermediates. Step A redox reaction generates NADH.

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules) 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2 molecules)

Energy Out: 4 ATP

Steps ATP and pyruvic acid are produced.

NET 2 ATP

Pyruvic acid (2 molecules per glucose molecule)

General Outline Glucose

Glycolysis
Oxygen Aerobic Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle ETS 36 ATP Pyruvic Acid No Oxygen Anaerobic

Fermentation

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle In transition reaction Pyruvate enters the Mitochondria and One carbon is removed

Electron Transport System

Transition Reaction Each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down to form CO2 and a two-carbon acetyl group, which enters the Krebs cycle *** note in the presence of oxygen CO2

Pyruvic Acid

Acetyl CoA

Binds with Oxygen

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle In transition reaction Pyruvate enters the Mitochondria and One carbon is removed It becomes Acetyl coenzyme A

Electron Transport System

Krebs Cycle Where? In the Mitochondria What? Uses Acetyl Co-A to generate ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.

Krebs Cycle

Krebs Cycle

General Outline of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis

Glucose to

Trans: pyruvate to Krebs Cycle Acetyle coA

Electron Transport System

Electron Transport System

Electron Transport System

Protein complex
Intermembrane Electron space

carrier

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Electron flow
Mitochondrial matrix

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Figure 6.12

ATP SYNTHASE

General Outline Glucose

Glycolysis
Oxygen Aerobic Transition Reaction Krebs Cycle ETS 36 ATP Pyruvic Acid No Oxygen Anaerobic

Fermentation

Fermentation

Where do you suppose these reactions take place? Yeast produce carbon dioxide and ethanol Muscle cells produce lactic acid Only a few ATP are produced per glucose

Fermentation