Data mining (the analysis step of the knowledge discovery in databases process,[1] or KDD), a relatively young and interdisciplinary

field of computer science[2][3] is the process of discovering new patterns from large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics and database systems.[2] The goal of data mining is to extract knowledge from a data set in a human-understandable structure[2] and involves database and data management, data preprocessing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of found structure, visualization and online updating.[2]

Retail Inventory Management should provide the following functions for a retail business: Track and manage all of the inventory for the business Keep up with store markdowns Evaluate how well some groups of products do in sales Provides analysis for comparison shopping with competitors Collect data on the sales and inventory of individual stores using SKU Allows you to accurately review your inventory

Management
Name Designation

B S Nagesh
C B Navalkar

Vice Chairman
Group Chief Financial Officer

Chandru L Raheja

Chairman / Chair Person

Deepak Ghaisas

Director

Govind Shrikhande Govind Shrikhande

Gulu L Mirchandani Neel C Raheja Nirvik Singh Nitin Sanghavi Prashant Mehta Prashant Mehta Ravi C Raheja Shahzaad S Dalal

CEO Managing Director

Director Director Director Director Vice President - Legal & Co. Secretary Secretary Director Director

RANKS AT 290 IN THE ET500 LIST FOR 2011 RETAIL SECTOR PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTION to ten percent of the GDP and 8 percent of the employment. Growth rate for retail : 25 % annually. INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY:
his paper provides detailed information about the growth of retailing industry in India. It examines the growing awareness and brand consciousness among people across different socio-economic classes in India and how the urban and semi-urban retail markets are witnessing significant growth. It explores the role of the Government of India in the industrys growth and the need for further reforms. In India the vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are the key attractive forces for global retail giants wanting to enter into newer markets, which in turn will help the India Retail Industry to grow faster. The paper includes growth of retail sector in India, strategies, strength and opportunities of

retail stores, retail format in India, recent trends, and opportunities and challenges. This paper concludes with the likely impact of the entry of global players into the Indian retailing industry. It also highlights the challenges faced by the industry in near future. INTRODUCTION The India Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries, accounting for over 10 per cent of the countrys GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment. The Retail Industry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries with several players entering the market. But all of them have not yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required to break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry. The total concept and idea of shopping has undergone an attention drawing change in terms of format and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India. Modern retailing has entered into the Retail market in India as is observed in the form of bustling shopping centers, multi-storied malls and the huge complexes that offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. A large young working population with median age of 24 years, nuclear families in urban areas, along with increasing workingwomen population and emerging opportunities in the services sector are going to be the key factors in the growth of the organized Retail sector in India. The growth pattern in organized retailing and in the consumption made by the Indian population will follow a rising graph helping the newer businessmen to enter the India Retail Industry. In India the vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are the key attractive forces for global retail giants wanting to enter into newer markets, which in turn will help the India Retail Industry to grow faster. Indian retail is expected to grow 25 per cent annually. Modern retail in India could be worth US$ 175-200 billion by 2016. The Food Retail Industry in

India dominates the shopping basket. The Mobile phone Retail Industry in India is already a US$ 16.7 billion business, growing at over 20 per cent per year. The future of the India Retail Industry looks promising with the growing of the market, with the government policies becoming more favorable and the emerging technologies facilitating operations.

THE INDIAN RETAIL SCENE India is the country having the most unorganized retail market. Traditionally it is a familys livelihood, with their shop in the front and house at the back, while they run the retail business. More than 99% retailers function in less than 500 square feet of shopping space. Global retail consultants KSA Technopak have estimated that organized retailing in India is expected to touch Rs 35,000 crore in the year 2005-06. The Indian retail sector is estimated at around Rs 900,000 crore, of which the organized sector accounts for a mere 2 per cent indicating a huge potential market opportunity that is lying in the waiting for the consumer-savvy organized retailer. Purchasing power of Indian urban consumer is growing and branded merchandise in categories like Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even Jewellery, are slowly becoming lifestyle products that are widely accepted by the urban Indian consumer. Indian retailers need to advantage of this growth and aiming to grow, diversify and introduce new formats have to pay more attention to the brand building process. The emphasis here is on retail as a brand rather than retailers selling brands. The focus should be on branding the retail business itself. In their preparation to face fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must come to recognize the value of building their own stores as brands to reinforce their marketing positioning, to

communicate quality as well as value for money. Sustainable competitive advantage will be dependent on translating core values combining products, image and reputation into a coherent retail brand strategy. There is no doubt that the Indian retail scene is booming. A number of large corporate houses Tatas, Rahejas, Piramalss, Goenkas have already made their foray into this arena, with beauty and health stores, supermarkets, selfservice music stores, newage book stores, every-day-low-price stores, computers and peripherals stores, office equipment stores and home/building construction stores. Today the organized players have attacked every retail category. The Indian retail scene has witnessed too many players in too short a time, crowding several categories without looking at their core competencies, or having a well thought out branding strategy. STRATEGIES, TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES 2007 Retailing in India is gradually inching its way toward becoming the next boom industry. The whole concept of shopping has altered in terms of format and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India. Modern retail has entered India as seen in sprawling shopping centres, multi-storied malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. The Indian retailing sector is at an inflexion point where the growth of organized retailing and growth in the consumption by the Indian population is going to take a higher growth trajectory. The Indian population is witnessing a significant change in its demographics. A large young working population with median age of 24 years, nuclear families in urban areas, along with increasing

workingwomen population and emerging opportunities in the services sector are going to be the key growth drivers of the organized retail sector in India. GROWTH OF RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA Retail and real estate are the two booming sectors of India in the present times. And if industry experts are to be believed, the prospects of both the sectors are mutually dependent on each other. Retail, one of Indias largest industries, has presently emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries of our times with several players entering the market. Accounting for over 10 per cent of the countrys GDP and around eight per cent of the employment retailing in India is gradually inching its way toward becoming the next boom industry. As the contemporary retail sector in India is reflected in sprawling shopping centers, multiplex- malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof, the concept of shopping has altered in terms of format and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India. This has also contributed to large-scale investments in the real estate sector with major national and global players investing in developing the infrastructure and construction of the retailing business. The trends that are driving the growth of the retail sector in India are Low share of organized retailing Falling real estate prices Increase in disposable income and customer aspiration Increase in expenditure for luxury items (CHART)

Another credible factor in the prospects of the retail sector in India is the increase in the young working population. In India, hefty pay packets, nuclear families in urban areas, along with increasing working-women population and emerging opportunities in the services sector. These key factors have been the growth drivers of the organized retail sector in India which now boast of retailing almost all the preferences of life Apparel & Accessories, Appliances, Electronics, Cosmetics and Toiletries, Home & Office Products, Travel and Leisure and many more. With this the retail sector in India is witnessing rejuvenation as traditional markets make way for new formats such as departmental stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets and specialty stores. The retailing configuration in India is fast developing as shopping malls are increasingly becoming familiar in large cities. When it comes to development of retail space specially the malls, the Tier II cities are no longer behind in the race. If development plans till 2007 is studied it shows the projection of 220 shopping malls, with 139 malls in metros and the remaining 81 in the Tier II cities. The government of states like Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) are very upbeat about permitting the use of land for commercial development thus increasing the availability of land for retail space; thus making NCR render to 50% of the malls in India.

Department Stores: Large stores ranging from 20000-50000 sq. ft, catering to a variety of consumer needs. Further classified into localized departments such as clothing, toys, home, groceries, etc. Departmental Stores are expected to take over the apparel business from exclusive brand showrooms. Among these, the biggest success is K Raheja's Shoppers Stop, which started in Mumbai and now has more than seven large stores (over 30,000 sq. ft) across India and even has its own in store brand for clothes called Stop. Hyper marts/Supermarkets: Large self-service outlets, catering to varied shopper needs are termed as Supermarkets. These are located in or near residential high streets. These stores today contribute to 30% of all food & grocery organized retail sales. Super Markets can further be classified in to mini supermarkets typically 1,000 sq ft to 2,000 sq ft and large supermarkets ranging from of 3,500 sq ft to 5,000 sq ft. having a strong focus on food & grocery and personal sales. Convenience Stores: These are relatively small stores 400-2,000 sq. feet located

near residential areas. They stock a limited range of highturnover convenience products and are usually open for extended periods during the day, seven days a week. Prices are slightly higher due to the convenience premium MBOs: Multi Brand outlets, also known as Category Killers, offer several brands across a single product category. These usually do well in busy market places and Metros. INDIAS NUMBER OF DOMESTIC GROCERY CHAINS AND EARLY FOREIGN ENTRANTS

ECENT TRENDS Retailing in India is witnessing a huge revamping exercise as can be seen in the graph

 India is rated the fifth most attractive emerging retail market: a potential goldmine. Estimated to be US$ 200 billion, of which organized retailing (i.e. modern trade) makes up 3 percent or US$ 6.4 billion As per a report by KPMG the annual growth of department stores is estimated at 24% Ranked second in a Global Retail Development Index of 30 developing countries drawn up by AT Kearney. Multiple drivers leading to a consumption boom: Favorable demographics Growth in income Increasing population of women Raising aspirations: Value added goods sales Food and apparel retailing key drivers of growth Organized retailing in India has been largely an urban Phenomenon with affluent classes and growing number of double-income households. More successful in cities in the south and west of India. Reasons range from differences in consumer buying behavior to cost of real estate and taxation laws. Rural markets emerging as a huge opportunity for retailers reflected in the share of the rural market across most categories of consumption ITC is experimenting with retailing through its eChoupal and Choupal Sagar rural hypermarkets. HLL is using its Project Shakti initiative leveraging women self-help groups to explore the rural market. Mahamaza is leveraging technology and network marketing concepts to act as an aggregator and serve the rural markets.

 IT is a tool that has been used by retailers ranging from Amazon.com to eBay to radically change buying behavior across the globe. E-tailing slowly making its presence felt. RETAIL SALES IN INDIA

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES Retailing has seen such a transformation over the past decade that its very definition has undergone a sea change. No longer can a manufacturer rely on sales to take place by ensuring mere availability of his product. Today, retailing is about so much more than mere merchandising. Its about casting customers in a story, reflecting their desires and aspirations, and forging longlasting relationships. As the Indian consumer evolves they expects more and more at each and every time when they steps into a store. Retail today has changed from selling a product or a service to selling a hope, an aspiration and above all an experience that a consumer would like to repeat.

For manufacturers and service providers the emerging opportunities in urban markets seem to lie in capturing and delivering better value to the customers through retail. For instance, in Chennai CavinKares LimeLite, Maricos Kaya Skin Clinic and Apollo Hospitals Apollo Pharmacies are examples, to name a few, where manufacturers/service providers combine their own manufactured products and services with those of others to generate value hitherto unknown. The last mile connect seems to be increasingly lively and experiential. Also, manufacturers and service providers face an exploding rural market yet only marginally tapped due to difficulties in rural retailing. Only innovative concepts and models may survive the test of time and investments. However, manufacturers and service providers will also increasingly face a host of specialist retailers, who are characterized by use of modern management techniques, backed with seemingly unlimited financial resources. Organized retail appears inevitable. Retailing in India is currently estimated to be a US$ 200 billion industry, of which organized retailing makes up a paltry 3 percent or US$ 6.4 billion. By 2010, organized retail is projected to reach US$ 23 billion. For retail industry in India, things have never looked better and brighter. Challenges to the manufacturers and service providers would abound when market power shifts to organized retail. CONCLUSION The retail sector has played a phenomenal role throughout the world in increasing productivity of consumer goods and services.

It is also the second largest industry in US in terms of numbers of employees and establishments. There is no denying the fact that most of the developed economies are very much relying on their retail sector as a locomotive of growth. The India Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries, accounting for over 10 per cent of the countrys GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment. The Retail Industry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries with several players entering the market. But all of them have not yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required to break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry.

Impact on Unorganized Retailers Unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in their volume of business and profit in the initial years after the entry of large organized retailers. The adverse impact on sales and profit weakens over time. vii There was no evidence of a decline in overall employment in the unorganized sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers.

 There is some decline in employment in the North and West regions which, however, also weakens over time. The rate of closure of unorganized retail shops in gross terms is found to be 4.2 per cent per annum which is much lower than the international rate of closure of small businesses. The rate of closure on account of competition from organized retail is lower still at 1.7 per cent per annum. There is competitive response from traditional retailers through improved business practices and technology upgradation. A majority of unorganized retailers is keen to stay in the business and compete, while also wanting the next generation to continue likewise. Small retailers have been extending more credit to attract and retain customers. However, only 12 per cent of unorganized retailers have access to institutional

credit and 37 per cent felt the need for better access to commercial bank credit. Most unorganized retailers are committed to remaining independent and barely 10 per cent preferred to become franchisees of organized retailers. Impact on Consumers Consumers have definitely gained from organized retail on multiple counts. Overall consumer spending has increased with the entry of the organized retail. While all income groups saved through organized retail purchases, the survey revealed that lower income consumers saved more. Thus, organized retail is relatively more beneficial to the less well-off consumers. Proximity is a major comparative advantage of unorganized outlets. Unorganized retailers have significant competitive strengths that include consumer goodwill, credit sales, amenability to bargaining, ability to sell loose items, convenient timings, and home delivery.

Impact on Intermediaries The study did not find any evidence so far of adverse impact of organized retail on intermediaries. There is, however, some adverse impact on turnover and profit of intermediaries dealing in products such as, fruit, vegetables, and apparel. Over two-thirds of the intermediaries plan to expand their businesses in response to increased business opportunities opened by the expansion of retail. Only 22 per cent do not want the next generation to enter the same business. Impact on Farmers Farmers benefit significantly from the option of direct sales to organized retailers. Average price realization for cauliflower farmers selling directly to organized retail is about 25 per cent higher than their proceeds from sale to regulated government mandi. viii

 Profit realization for farmers selling directly to organized retailers is about 60 per cent higher than that received from selling in the mandi The difference is even larger when the amount charged by the commission agent (usually 10 per cent of sale price) in the mandi is taken into account. Impact on Manufacturers Large manufacturers have started feeling the competitive impact of organized retail through price and payment pressures. Manufacturers have responded through building and reinforcing their brand strength, increasing their own retail presence, adopting small retailers, and setting up dedicated teams to deal with modern retailers. Entry of organized retail is transforming the logistics industry. This will create significant positive externalities across the economy. Small manufacturers did not report any significant impact of organized retail. Policy Recommendations

On the basis of the results of the surveys and the review of international retail experience, the study makes the following major recommendations: 1. Modernization of wetmarkets through public-private partnerships. 2. Facilitate cash-and-carry outlets, like Metro, for sale to unorganized retail and procurement from farmers, as in China. 3. Encourage co-operatives and associations of unorganized retailers for direct procurement from suppliers and farmers. 4. Ensure better credit availability to unorganized retailers from banks and micro-credit institutions through innovative banking solutions. 5. Facilitate the formation of farmers co-operatives to directly sell to organized retailers. 6. Encourage formulation of private codes of conduct by organized retail for dealing with small suppliers. These may then be incorporated into enforceable legislation.

7. Simplification of the licensing and permit regime for organized retail and move towards a nationwide uniform licensing regime in the states to facilitate modern retail. 8. Strengthening the Competition Commissions role for enforcing rules against collusion and predatory pricing. 9. Modernization of APMC markets as modelled on the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) Safal market in Bangalore.

FDI in multi-brand retail: So near yet so far in 2011 Press Trust of India / New Delhi Dec 25, 2011, 10:25 IST Ads by Google Indian Venture Capital : Database, Newsletter, Reports on PE & VC deals. Financials & Valuations www.VentureIntelligence.in It was a case of politics prevailing over policy reforms as far as India's booming retail sector was concerned in the year going by, although that did not deter companies from going ahead and expand their operations.

Just when corporate India thought that the much-awaited opening up of multi-brand retail to FDI would see the light of the day, political compulsions meant that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had to eat the humble pie.

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support for FDI in multi-brand retail He had to put his government's plans of allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single brand on the back burner. Amid all the drama, the year 2011 saw online retailing make its presence felt with newer players jumping on the bandwagon. The highlight of the year in the retail sector, estimated to be around $450 billion and growing at around 15%, was clearly the cabinet's decision to allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single brand retail in November. The decision was welcomed by both domestic retail players, including Future Group, Reliance Retail, Shoppers Stop and Aditya Birla Retail, and foreign giants such as Walmart, Tesco and Carrefour. The celebrations, however, did not last for long as in the absence of a political consensus, with UPA ally Trinamool Congress one of the most vociferous opponent, the government was forced to hold back its decision. It, however, gave an assurance to take it up at a later stage. The tug of war between the government and corporates on one side and the Opposition and small traders on the other, meant that the final word on the issue is far from being said. "This stance on FDI has left many in modern retail wondering if the government does have the grit and determination to propagate consumption in the country when the world is reeling

under recessionary pressure," Retailers Association of India (RAI) CEO Kumar Rajgopalan told PTI. India currently allows 51% FDI in single-brand retail and 100% in cash-and-carry, but does not allow any foreign investment in multi-brand. Besides the FDI issue, the sector overall saw growth as most retail companies continued to expand their operations by setting up new stores. Most players witnessed healthy sales across the year, particularly during the festive season. During the first half of the year, most retailers were on an expansion spree. According to estimates of research firm CB Richard Ellis India, over six million square feet of retail mall space was added across India in the first six months of 2011 alone. For retailers, business was growing in double digits till Diwali but tapered off later in the year. "In the initial part of the year, the overall sentiment was positive and even demand from consumers was robust. Had the FDI been cleared, it would have been much better," Ernst and Young Partner and National Leader (Retail and Consumer product Practice) Pinakiranjan Mishra said. During the year, retailers had to bear the burden of 10.30% service tax on rentals and excise duty of 10% on branded garments announced during the Budget.

However, following widespread protests, 50% abatement was given on the excise duty, meaning the levy would be on half the cost of a product. Otherwise, for many organised retailers it was business as usual. Tata Group firm Trent that announced appointment of Philip Auld as its CEO, sought shareholders permission to raise up to Rs 300 crore through the issue of securities for future expansion. While Aditya Birla Retail said it will invest about Rs 1,500 crore in the next five years to open new stores under 'More' brand, Bharti Retail continued expansion of its 'easyday' stores across the country. Future Group's Pantaloon Retail India Ltd (PRIL) hived off its consumer electronics products arm 'ezone' into a separate subsidiary. The company planned to raise up to Rs 1,500 crore by issuing equity-linked securities amounting to stake dilution of not more than 15% to pare debt. The retail major also announced an equal joint venture with the UK-based footwear maker Clarks to set up retail outlets in the country, besides entering premium foods category with a retail chain under 'Food Hall' brand. PRIL also completed realignment of its business by transferring its value retail formats -- Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar -- to Future Value Retail Ltd (FVRL). Even troubled players tried to infuse a fresh lease of life in their

businesses. While debt-ridden apparel chain Koutons roped in SBI Capital Markets to recast its financial liabilities, Vishal Retail that had sold its operations to TPG and Sriram Capital in 2010, changed its name to 'V2 Retail Ltd' and embarked on a new journey. In the foods space, big names such as US coffee chain Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts also fine-tuned their India plans. While the former signed a pact with Tata group firm sourcing of coffee, the latter appointed Jubilant Foodworks as its master franchisee in the country. Even the wholesale segment saw heightened activities with Bharti Walmart, the joint venture between US-based Walmart and Bharti Enterprises, opening new stores in the country. Domestic giant Reliance Retail also launched its first wholesale store in Ahemadabad. Kishore Biyani-led Future Group announced its foray into rural wholesale business with opening its first 'Aadhaar Wholesale' store in Gujarat. France's Carrefour, that is building an IT platform in India to enable its customers to shop online, ended the year with two cash-and-carry stores under operation. German firm Metro Cash & Carry that currently operates around six stores, said it plans to open 8-10 stores in the country every year. A lot of action was also seen on the online retail space with many

new players joining the band wagon. A host of names such as Flipkart, Yebhi and Myntra focused on advertising on mass media such as TV to get consumer attention. Many e-tailing companies also got funding from private equity players for expansion. While, Bigshoebazaar divested 20% stake for Rs 40 crore to Catamaran Ventures and Nexus Venture Partners, HomeShop18 acquired online books retailer CoinJoos.Com for an undisclosed amount. Similarly Fashionandyou.Com raised over Rs 200 crore from a group of private equity firms, including Intel Capital and Sequoia Capital, and Flipkart.Com received funding of around Rs 90 crore from its existing investor -- Tiger Global. The world largest Internet retailer Amazon on the other hand was reported to be in the process of setting up a facility in Andhra Pradesh to develop technologies and solutions for its global ecommerce business. Even Walmart announced a similar venture -- 'WalmartLabs' in Bangalore, with plans to hire up to 100 developers. The market size of online retail industry in India is likely to touch Rs 7,000 crore by 2015 due to increasing Internet penetration across the country, from Rs 2,000 crore at present, according to industry chamber Assocham. Buoyed by the government's intentions to fully open the single brand retail sector to foreign firms, global luxury brands, including Salvatore Ferragamo and Jimmy Choo said they would increase their investments in India.

Commenting on the outlook for 2012, Mishra of Ernst and Young said said: "The macro view is positive for the coming year. It is just a matter of time that more discussions will happen on FDI before it is cleared." According to estimates of industry body CII, further opening up of FDI in retail can increase the organised retail market size to $260 billion by 2020.

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