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GLOSSARY
5Ss: Ordered actions use to achieve a clean, well organized workplace; sort, simplify, sanitized, standardized, sustain. 6Ms: Categories representing the sources of variations (Man, method material, measurement mother nature, machine). 7 Wastes: Transportation, Inventory/storage, Motion, Waiting, , Over production, Over processing, Defects (TIMWOOD). Common Cause: User to refer to variation that happens in the same way from worker to worker, hour to hour, lot to lot etc. on a control chart common causes by definition always fall with in the control limits. Control Chart: A graphical tool for monitoring a process and / or for determining where variation lies, control charts show results over time, with 3 sigma boundaries representing the upper and lower control limit (UCL/LCLs). Control Methods: Standard methods implemented during the control phase of the DMAIC process include: fix, minimize, standardize, measure and monitor and communicate and audit. Controllable Inputs: Input variables (Xs) that can be changed to see the effect on the process output variables(Ys): some times called knob variables. Defect: Any other error or nonconformance which adds cost with out adding value. Defective: A part that is not acceptable due to one or more errors. DMAIC: The standard framework of the Lean Six Sigma projects/implementations, which stands for define measure, analyze, improve, control. DOE: Design Of Experiment DPMO: Defect Per Million Opportunities DPO: Defect Per Opportunities DPU: Defects Per Unit External Work: Set-up activities which can be performed while the machine (or process) is running. Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA): Tool used to access the potential failure mode of a process and the likely effects of potential failure; developed by NASA to eliminate the failures during planning phase of a project.

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Flow Production: Continuous movement of a product or service from start to finish-without interruption of storage with the intent to eliminate batch sizing and produce at the smallest possible increment. FPY: First phase yield: the measure typically referred as yield. The total number of parts that are accepted divided by the total number of parts that were started. Gage R&R: Gage repeatability and reproductively, a measure of variation arising from the use of a specific measurement device and/or the operator of the measurement device. Pareto Chart: A Pareto chart tests and/or illustrates this relationship by sorting and displaying merits in a descending order chart. PMAM: Process map (not a process flow which does not contain inputs and outputs). PPM: Parts Per Million (Defective) Process Capability Index: Comparison of the voice of the process to the voice of the customer requirements. Process Dispersion: The standard deviation of f(x), symbolically by sigma the Greek letter as sigma. Process Input Variables: Process inputs can be categorized as controllable critical, noise, or standard operation procedures. Process Location: The mean or average of f(x), symbolically by u the Greek letter known as mu. Pull Material System: A method of controlling the flow of resources by replacing what has been consumed. Pure Waste: Weak process that adds no value and is not required by the customer. QFD: Quality Function Deployment Queue Time: Time a product waits between the value added process steps: if inventory exists between the process steps, can be approximated by dividing the inventory by customer demand for a time frame. R chart: R Chart (Range Chart) also called the with in chart as the points on the chart represent within group variation; this control chart is used to display change with in subgroups; the R chart for a set of data must be in control, more technically defined as stable, to be able to use an X-bar chart based on the same data. Required Waste: Process that adds no value to the product , but is required by the current process.

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Rework: Any work that must be done to correct product or process defects. Risk Priority Number (RPN): See risk priority number RTY: Rolled throughput yield; the probability that apart will make it through multiple process steps without a defect. SCOR: Supply chain operations reference; a methodology that extends the scope of the value stream, starting with your suppliers supplier and continuing to your customers. Setup Time: The elapsed time from production of the last good product to the production of the first good product associated with changing the process from one product to another. Sigma (Excel Function): Account for shift and drift if necessary by adding 1.5. Sigma: 18 letter of the greek alphabet; mathematically understand to represent standard deviation. SIPOC: Boundary scoping tool used in the design phase to identify suppliers, inputs, process, outputs and customers. Six Sigma: Philosophy focuses on defect prevention through the use of statistical tool as opposed to defect detection through inspection. SMED: Single minute exchange of dies; SMED performance levels for the changing of tooling (9minutes and 59 sec: or less). SOP: Standard operation procedure SPC: Statistical process control Standard Deviation: Parameters used to characterize the process dispersion. Standard Operation Procedures: Procedures that describes how the process is running and identify certain factors to monitor and maintain; standard procedure for running process. Stretch Goals: Goals and objectives that require employees to achieve more than normally though possible. Talk Time: Takt is German word for metronome; synchronizes the pace of the process to match the pace of customer demand; calculated as available time divided by customer demand. TDU: Total defects per unit, the sum of all DPUs for all parts in an assembly or all process steps in a process flow diagram. Thought Process Map (TMAP): Project Strategy-Planning Tool
th

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Throughput Time: Cycle time + Queue Time; actual time for a product to move through a production process. Value Stream Map (VSM): A map of the product , information, and material flows of a process; with value-added and non-value added data gathered and displayed for each step.
3

Value: A capability provided to a customer at the right time at an appropriate price, as defined in each case by the voice of the customer. Value-Added: The enhancement added to a product or service by a company before the product is offered to customers. Visual Control: Indicators which allow employees to detect visually whether a process is in or out of control; example include temperature gauges, control charts, tool boards, etc. VOP: Natural variability of a process typically characterized by a normal distribution. VOC: Voice Of Customer (see Quality Function Deployment) VSM: See Value Stream Map Waste: Any thing that adds cost without producing a corresponding benefit. X-Bar Chart: An averages chart, also called the between chart because the points represent variation between groups; this control chart examines the average of samples in a sub group.

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