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GLOSSARY
5Ss: Ordered actions use to achieve a clean, well organized workplace; sort, simplify, sanitized, standardized, sustain. 6Ms: Categories representing the sources of variations (Man, method material, measurement mother nature, machine). 7 Wastes: Transportation, Inventory/storage, Motion, Waiting, , Over production, Over processing, Defects (TIMWOOD). Common Cause: User to refer to variation that happens in the same way from worker to worker, hour to hour, lot to lot etc. on a control chart common causes by definition always fall with in the control limits. Control Chart: A graphical tool for monitoring a process and / or for determining where variation lies, control charts show results over time, with 3 sigma boundaries representing the upper and lower control limit (UCL/LCLs). Control Methods: Standard methods implemented during the control phase of the DMAIC process include: fix, minimize, standardize, measure and monitor and communicate and audit. Controllable Inputs: Input variables (Xs) that can be changed to see the effect on the process output variables(Ys): some times called knob variables. Defect: Any other error or nonconformance which adds cost with out adding value. Defective: A part that is not acceptable due to one or more errors. DMAIC: The standard framework of the Lean Six Sigma projects/implementations, which stands for define measure, analyze, improve, control. DOE: Design Of Experiment DPMO: Defect Per Million Opportunities DPO: Defect Per Opportunities DPU: Defects Per Unit External Work: Set-up activities which can be performed while the machine (or process) is running. Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA): Tool used to access the potential failure mode of a process and the likely effects of potential failure; developed by NASA to eliminate the failures during planning phase of a project.
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Value: A capability provided to a customer at the right time at an appropriate price, as defined in each case by the voice of the customer. Value-Added: The enhancement added to a product or service by a company before the product is offered to customers. Visual Control: Indicators which allow employees to detect visually whether a process is in or out of control; example include temperature gauges, control charts, tool boards, etc. VOP: Natural variability of a process typically characterized by a normal distribution. VOC: Voice Of Customer (see Quality Function Deployment) VSM: See Value Stream Map Waste: Any thing that adds cost without producing a corresponding benefit. X-Bar Chart: An averages chart, also called the between chart because the points represent variation between groups; this control chart examines the average of samples in a sub group.
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