1. CFCs are more likely than most other chlorine compounds to reach the stratosphere. Why?

Unlike other Chlorine compounds and naturally occurring chlorine, the chlorine in CFC's will neither dissolve in water nor break down into compounds that dissolve in water, so they do not rain out of the atmosphere. In addition, the rise in the amount of Chlorine measured in the stratosphere over the past two decades matches the rise in the amount of Fluorine, which has different natural sources than Chlorine, over the same period. Also, the rise in the amount of Chlorine measured in the stratosphere over the past twenty years, matches the rise in CFC emissions over the same period.
2. Name one example of a hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant.

Hydrogen Fluorine Carbon

3. Hydrogen, fluorine and carbon are the elements contained in a?

Hydrogen Chlorine Fluorine Carbon HCFC

4. What is ODP (ozone depletion potential?)

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is a measurement of CFC's and HCFC's ability to destroy ozone. CFC's have the highest ODP. HFC's (R-134A) do not contain chlorine and have no Ozone Depletion Potential.
5. Name the elements contained in a hydro chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant.

Hydrogen Chlorine Fluorine Carbon

6. The refrigerants you will most likely work with in the field are fluorocarbon refrigerants. Are there any fluorocarbon refrigerants that cause no harm to the stratospheric ozone?

R-134A is a HFC and is considered Ozone friendly.

7. Why is chlorine in the stratosphere believed to come primarily from CFCs rather than from natural occurring phenomenon? Unlike other Chlorine compounds and naturally occurring chlorine, the chlorine in

CFC's will neither dissolve in water nor break down into compounds that dissolve in water, so they do not rain out of the atmosphere.
8. What elements are in a HCFC refrigerant and name one example.

Hydrogen Chlorine Fluorine Carbon R-22, 123

9. Why is an HCFC refrigerant considered less harmful to the ozone than a CFC refrigerant?

CFC's and HCFC's, when released into the atmosphere deplete the Ozone layer
10. How many ozone molecules can be destroyed by one chlorine atom?

A single Chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 Ozone molecules.

11. Never operate a hermetic compressor when: DOING A VACUUM 12. List some good service practices for conserving refrigerants:

13. Storing refrigerant after removing it in any condition from a system, to an external container, without necessarily testing or processing it in any way, defines what? To RECOVER is to remove refrigerant in

any condition from a system and store it in an external container.

14. What is indicated, if after concluding the evacuation process, the system fails to hold a vacuum? Leak or moisture in the system 15. What will recovery during low ambient temperatures cause?

Since all refrigerants have a pressure temperature relationship, the lower the ambient temperature, the slower the recovery rate
16. In what position should refrigerant cylinders be shipped?

Cylinders should be transported in an upright position.

17. What chemical found in the upper stratosphere is a product of ozone depletion?

This forms a compound called Chlorine Monoxide (CIO)

18. What kind of atoms make up an ozone molecule?

An Ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms (03).

19. What is being done in the U.S. to stop damage to the stratospheric ozone layer?

(EPA) regulates section 608 of the Federal Clean Air Act. Failure to comply could cost you and your company as much as $27,500. per day, per violation and there is a bounty of up to $10,000. To lure your competitors, customers and fellow workers to turn you in. Service technicians who violate Clean Air Act provisions may be fined, lose their certification, and may be required to appear in Federal court. The EPA may require technicians to demonstrate the ability to properly perform refrigerant recovery/recycling procedures. Failing to demonstrate these skills can result in revocation of certification.
20. Name at least three (3) objectives the Clean Air Act accomplishes:

Falsify or fail to keep required records; Fail to reach required evacuation rates prior to opening or disposing of appliances; Knowingly release (vent) CFC's, HCFC's or HFCs while repairing appliances, with the exception of de-minimus releases;
21. The Montreal Protocol controls what chemicals? CFCs, HCFCs, halons, methyl chloroform and

carbon tetrachloride entered into

22. What standards under EPAs regulations must reclaimed refrigerant meet before it can be resold?

RECLAIMED refrigerant must meet the standard set forth in ARI 700 before it can be resold
23. What is a ternary blend refrigerant?

ary, which means they are a three-part blend. Ternary blends are used with a synthetic alkylbenzene lubricant
24. What synthetic lubricant is presently used with ternary blends containing HCFCs?

Ternary blends are used with a synthetic alkylbenzene lubricant

25. The EPA recommends that the micron guage be located where during evacuation?

as large in diameter as possible.from vacuum

TYPE I (Small Appliances, 5 lb or Less)

1. What is the definition of a small appliance? The EPA definition of a small appliance includes products

manufactured, charged, and hermetically sealed in a factory with five pounds of refrigerant or les
2. Recovery devices for use with small appliances that are manufactured before November 15, 1993 must meet which EPA requirements? must be capable of removing 80% of the refrigerant,

whether or not the compressor is operating, or achieve 4 inch vacuum under the conditions of ARI 740.
3. An EPA lab must certify recovery equipment used during maintenance repair or service as of what date? after November 15, 1993, 4. EPA rules state that in a small appliance with a non-operating compressor, what type of process must capture 80% of the refrigerant? or achieve 4 inch vacuum under the conditions of ARI 740 5. Refrigerant recovered from small appliances for the purpose of disposal after November 15, 1993 must meet which EPA standard for recovery? laboratory, (example, U.L. or E.T.L) as capable of recovering 90% 6. Which recovery category includes products manufactured, charged and hermetically sealed in a factory, with 5 pounds or less of refrigerant? 7. Technicians must be EPA certified in refrigerant recovery for sealed system service after what date? 8. Where is the access valve normally soldered into a household refrigerator? 9. Why is the capillary tube sometimes soldered to the suction line? 10. When may a small appliance certified technician service a Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC)? 11. What will be the pressure on a storage cylinder of R-12 with no non-condensables if stored in a 65 degrees F motor room? 12. What is the EPA ruling for servicing small appliances with leaks? 13. Name two reasons for taking an accurate pressure reading on the refrigerant inside a recovery cylinder? 14. What will happen to R-12 or R-22 if it is exposed to an open flame or impinged on a glowing hot metal surface? 15. Saddle (piercing) valves used for access on refrigeration piping should be restricted to what kind of tubing? 16. Fittings used to access a sealed system before recovery must be? 17. Explain the procedure for system-dependent (passive) recovery on a system with an operating compressor: 18. What kind of refrigerants may be found in campers and recreation vehicles in their small appliances? 19. Refrigerators manufactured before 1950 may contain which toxic refrigerants? 20. Who regulates the standards that must be met by the cylinders, or portable refillable tanks used with recovery equipment? 21. On a small appliance sealed system why is it recommended that access valves be put on both the high side and

the low side? 22. What is a critical procedure before recovering refrigerant on a system employing Shrader valves? 23. What three things must be done before shipping any used refrigerant in a cylinder? 24. Why do refrigerants released in large quantities cause suffocation? 25. Which refrigerant is considered an acceptable replacement for R-12 in household refrigerators?

TYPE II (High Pressure and Very High Pressure)

1. What contaminants may be discovered in recovered refrigerants? 2. If you do service work on many types of refrigerants including R-134a, what precaution does the EPA recommend? 3. What is a sure sign of a leak on a high-pressure system? 4. When hoses are attached then disconnected during service how can the technician minimize refrigerant loss? 5. If the evaporator is located below the air-cooled condenser, where is the logical location to begin refrigerant recovery? 6. What type of regulator is required on a nitrogen tank? 7. What percent of the charge does the leak rate have to exceed on leaking commercial and industrial process refrigeration containing over 50 lb of refrigerant before EPA regulations mandate repair? 8. Why is the shaft seal likely to be the source of leakage on an open compressor? 9. Why is it recommended that refrigerant be recovered in a vapor state rather than a liquid state even though liquid is faster? 10. A recycling machine requires maintenance on a regular basis. Give examples of the routine maintenance: 11. A recovery machine should be capable of pulling liquid and vapor and then must do what to the refrigerant vapor? 12. Hermatic compressors are not recommended on recycling equipment because of overheating in a deep vacuum. Why do they overheat? 13. What can be done to speed up the process when removing a refrigerant charge from a system? 14. If the recovery-recycling equipments manufacturing date is after November 15, 1993, a refrigeration system containing over 200 lbs of R-12 and in need of major repair must be vacuumed at what level? 15. When changing out a compressor on a system containing 40 lbs of R-502, describe the procedures that should be followed. Note: The recovery equipment available was manufactured after Nov 15, 1993. 16. When a leak in system makes a vacuum unattainable, to what level may a CFC refrigerant be evacuated to? 17. What vacuum must be reached when recovering or recycling a system containing 15 lbs of the CFC R-502 if the recovery equipment was manufactured prior to November 15, 1993? 18. Name three ways of determining the refrigerant level inside a DOT tank: 19. Which repairs are considered major under EPA regulations? 20. A thermostatic expansion valve is usually found with what component? Hint: It is located right after the condenser. 21. Which refrigerant is found in residential air conditioning 98.9% of the time? 22. What is ASHRAE standard 15 concerned with when it comes to safety? 23. Pressure relief valves must not be installed how, according to the EPA? 24. When can system-dependent recovery equipment no longer be used? 25. When is it sometimes necessary to recover refrigerant at the condenser outlet when performing a recovery operation?

TYPE III (Low Pressure Chillers)

1. Where is the rupture disk located on a low-pressure chiller?

2. What is a hydrostatic tube testing kit? 3. What 3 safety precautions should be practiced when working with low-pressure refrigerants? 4. ASHRAE Standard 15 prescribes a sensor and an alarm for all A1 refrigerants. Why? 5. Where is refrigerant normally charged into a centrifugal machine? 6. What HCFC is a popular replacement for R-11 in low-pressure chillers? 7. Why is a condensing purge unit necessary for low-pressure chillers? 8. Describe the standing vacuum test according to the ASHRAE guideline 3-1990? 9. What is the first step in recovery in all low-pressure chiller applications? 10. When using equipment manufactured after November 15, 1993 technicians must evacuate lowpressure qppliances for disposal to a mandated level. What is the level? 11. How much residual vapor, on average, is left in a 350 ton R-11 chiller at 0 psig, when all the liquid has been removed? 12. A rupture disc on a recovery vessel for low-pressure refrigerants relieves at what pressure? 13. Refrigerant loss from a purge unit on an R-11 chiller is best corrected how? 14. What do non-condensables do to high side pressure? 15. Where would be the most logical place to insert a leak detector probe when investigating a possible leak in an empty chiller water box? 16. In what category is R-123 according to ASHRAE 34-1992? 17. What is the highest test pressure recommended on low-pressure centrifugal chillers? 18. Where does the purge unit take its suction from on a centrifugal system? 19. When removing oil from a low-pressure system, why should the oil be heated to approximately 130 degrees F? 20. When removing vapor from a low-pressure refrigeration machine what precautions should be taken by the technician? 21. On what date will CFCs no longer be manufactured or imported in the USA? 22. It may be necessary to increase the system pressure to counteract freezing if large amounts of moisture are present during the evacuation of a low pressure chiller. What gas is normally used for this procedure? 23. What is the target vapor pressure necessary in the shells of a low-pressure system before charging with liquid R-11? 24. When charging a low-pressure chiller, why is vapor reintroduced into the refrigeration system before the liquid refrigerant? 25. Why is it not recommended to charge liquid refrigerant into a system evacuated under 29 in a lowpressure application? 26. EPA regulations recommend a method that may be used to pressurize a system to be opened for a non-major repair. What is it? 27. When using recovery or recycling equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993 to perform a major repair, what level must be attained in low-pressure applications? 28. How is it known that enough vapor has entered a low-pressure system before you can begin adding liquid?