Purpose of Preparation To produce a substrate that has Free from impurities Even and rapid wetting of water Uniform

power of absorption of dyes and chemicals Minimum fiber damages Pure and permanent high white effect Ready for dyeing and finishing. SINGEING Singeing is the preliminary process to which grey cloth is subjected before scouring process. This is a process to remove the fine protruding fibers on the surface of the fabric. Since spinning yarn from short length of fiber essentially involves making a bundle of fiber parallel to each other followed by drawing and twisting, the ends of some of fibers are likely to protrude from the surface of yarn. When this yarn is used in weaving these free fiber ends along with very short fiber length, produce from the surface of the fabric and destroy the smooth and lustrous appearance of the fabric surface. So, the protruding fibers have to be removed and this is done by a process called Singeing.

Object of Singeing: The process of singeing is carried out for the purpose of removing the loose hairy fibers protruding from the surface of the fabric, thereby giving its smooth even and clean looking face.

Precautions: Fabric should be dried properly before singeing, Fabric should not contain anti mildew agent like of hydrocellulose causes loose of strength.

ZnCL

which may be

liberate acid at high temperature and tender the cotton cloth by formation

Types of Singeing Machine: 1. Plate Singeing machine 2. Roller Singeing Machine 3. Gas Singeing Machine Plate Singeing Machine: Advantage: 1. Such singed cloth (Where the fiber ends in the intersects are not removed) is very much suitable for subsequent back filling (one kind of finishing process) in which this fiber ends hold the starch and other ingredients of the finishing mixture firmly in the interstices.

2. Science there are actual contact between the cloth and a hard and hot surface of the metal, a certain amount of luster is produced in the fabric due to the friction between them. Disadvantage: 1. The main objection of plate singeing machine is that it may not possible to maintain the plates at a uniform temperature and these causes uneven singeing. 2. The end presents in the interstices of warp and weft are not singed.

Roller Singeing Machine: Advantages: 1. Rotating cylinder and opposite direction to the fabric ensure efficient singeing. 2. More uniform temperature then plate singeing machine, local cooling is also present but lesser extent. Disadvantages: 1. Minute grooves are produced on the metal surface by the continuous run of thousands of meter cloth through machine.

Gas Singeing Machine: Both side of fabric can be singed. Natural gas and compressed air used to produce flame. Two or more gas burner can be used. Gas burners width and thickness are adjustable. High speed machine. Water bath to remove burnt fibers and exhaust gases. Advantages: Uniform temperature. Warp and weft interstices protruding fiber can be burn for this reason gas singeing become more popular.

Disadvantage: Cannot produce extra luster. Synthetic fabric singeing is not possible. Care should be taken during Gas Singeing: Flame should be effective. Fabric should be dry. Every component should be clean. Power failure.