Env Study Report 1.1

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OF DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENT STUDY REPORT
September 2011
CTII-OC-EA-EE JOINT VENTURE

CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd.
ORICONSUL
Oriental Consultants
EA Consulting Pvt. Ltd. Ltd.
Exponent Engineers (Pvt.)
Environment Study Repot
Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................1
1.1. Introduction...............................................................1 1.2. Review of EIA Study....................................................1 1.3. Preparation of Environmental Study Report.................2
2. Project Description ..............................................4

2.1. The Project Road........................................................4 2.2. Typical Cross Sections................................................4 2.3. Major Work Items of the Project..................................6 2.4. Land Acquisition and Affected Structures....................6
3. Review of EIA........................................................9
3.1. Introduction...............................................................9 3.2. Field Condition...........................................................9 3.3. Review of EIA Study ...................................................9
3.3.1 Review of Project Baseline Conditions................................9 3.3.2 Physical Environment.......................................................10 3.3.3 Biological Resources.........................................................12 3.3.4 Socio-Cultural Environment..............................................12
3.4. Review of Impacts and Mitigation Measures..............12

3.3.5 Land Acquisition and Clearing..........................................12 3.3.6 Flora..................................................................................13 3.3.7 Fauna................................................................................13 3.3.8 Disturbance in the routine traffic movement....................13 3.3.9 Air quality.........................................................................13 3.3.10 Geology and Soil.............................................................13 3.3.11 Slope stabilization...........................................................14 3.3.12 Surface and ground water..............................................15 3.3.13 Drainage.........................................................................15 3.3.14 Health and safety of workers..........................................15 3.3.15 Solid waste disposal ......................................................16 3.3.16 Socio cultural issues.......................................................16 3.3.17 Employment Opportunities.............................................16
3.5. Review of JICA Guidelines..........................................16

3.5.1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations...............................................................16 3.5.2 Environmental Screening..................................................17 3.5.3 Status of compliance .......................................................17
3.6. Conclusion................................................................18
4. Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework..........20

4.1. Outline of the Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework..............................................................20 4.2. Objectives of the RP.................................................20 4.3. Implementation........................................................20 4.4. Legislation to be consulted during Land Acquisition process....................................................................21 4.5. Role of NHA..............................................................21 4.6. Scope of Resettlement/Land Acquisition Action Plan. .22
5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan. 23

5.1. Introduction.............................................................23 5.2. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 23 5.3. Key Environmental and Social Components................23 5.4. Role of Functionaries ...............................................24
5.4.1 NHA (project implementing authority)..............................24 1) The GM Punjab......................................................................24 2) Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land.....................24 3) Project Director Environment................................................25 4) Project Coordinator................................................................25 5) National Highway Motorway Police (NHMP)...........................25 5.4.2 Supervision Consultant.....................................................26 5.4.3 Contractor.........................................................................26
5.5. Environmental Monitoring.........................................26

5.5.1 Objectives.........................................................................27 5.5.2 Monitoring Parameters.....................................................27 5.5.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes..................................28
5.6. Environmental Management Plan..............................28
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Appendices: Appendix 1: Project Site Views . 41 Appendix 2: JICA Screening Format .. 44 Appendix 3: Checklist for Road sector .. 48
List of Table
Table 2-1: Summary of Typical Cross-section.............6 Table 2-2: Quantity of Major Work Items....................6 Table 2-3: Required Land Acquisition.........................7 Table 2-4: Affected Buildings and Utilities.................7 Table 2-5: Properties to be compensated...................7 Table 3-6: Climate Data for Multan..........................11 Table 5-7: Proposed Mitigation Measures.................29
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Typical Cross-sections.............................5
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Environment Study Report
1. Introduction
1.1. Introduction
National Highway Authority (NHA) plans to widen and re-strengthen the part of N-70 from Rakhi Gaajto Bewata under the project CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OF
DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. As per Government of Pakistan legal requirements, an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) has been carried out for this project. The EIA study was conducted in 2005/2006 by NESPAK as consultant to NHA. The decision of EPA Punjab on the EIA study (approval of EIA) was communicated to NHA vide letter No. 1925/F-782/2003/EIA dated March 2007 for implementation of the project in next three years. As no significant changes occurred in the project planning and design nor in the baseline conditions of the project area, therefore, the approval supposed to be extended by EPD Punjab till March 2013. The proposed project site, as shown in Figure 1.1, starts after the Rakhi ghaaj check post (on main Dera Ghazi Khan Road) up to the Bewata (located on border of Punjab and Baluchistan). Its about 35 Km road section on N-70. The prime objective of the project is to facilitate the movement of the people and goods in the area and in different parts of the country by improving inter-provincial road access and enhancement in the efficiency of the existing road network. After the up-gradation of the existing road the economic and commercial activities will promote as it will provide shortest possible route.
1.2. Review of EIA Study

In March 2006 the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) prepared a feasibility study on Widening and Strengthening of National Highway N-7 (D.G. Kahn Bewata) in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The objective was to carry out a study focusing on the improvement of the mountain route section of around 34 km of N-70 highway (from Rakhi Gaaj to Bewata), being the most problematic section in the entire stretch of highway, to assure safety and smooth flow of traffic with high credibility of transportation along the highway. The JETRO study identified the project eligible for loan based on the Special Terms for Economic Partnership (STEP). For realization of the project, NHA was required to conduct the EIA along with the PC-I of the project. The EIA report was prepared in August 2006 and submitted to EPA Punjab (provincial EPA) for review and approval in compliance with the requirement of Section 12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997. Based on the project activities, the Pak EPA Review of EIA/IEE Regulation 2000 placed the project under Schedule-II, requiring submission of detail EIA document. The public hearing (stakeholders consultation process required for review of EIA reports under the law) was held on 13th January, 2007. The study was approved for the operational phase of the project by Environment Protection Department, Government of Punjab on 28 March, 2007. While preparing the EIA study public consultations were held in compliance with the Guidelines for Public Consultation mentioned in the Pak-EPA Environmental Assessment
Guidelines Package 1997. The stakeholders identified include local residents, shop/hotel owners, motorized and un-non-motorized transport users, and mosques. A series of scoping sessions and informal group discussions were carried out with local community and local government representatives. The objective of the scoping sessions was to; a) share information on the proposed improvement work and its expected impacts on the local environmental and social conditions, and b) understand the concerns of the stakeholders regarding various aspects of the projects so that he same may be redress in the project design as well as construction and operations phases. By and large, the stakeholders appreciated the project and expected improvement of their livelihood by its implementation.
1.3. Preparation of Environmental Study Report

This Environment Study Report has been prepared in compliance with the requirements assigned to the Consultants. During preparation of this report the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project and the terms and conditions of the approval issued by the EPA Punjab have been reviewed thoroughly. The project site, Rakhi Gaaj Bewata Section of N-70 in East West Road Improvement Project (Pk-P57), have been visited to observe and verify environmental aspects mentioned in the EIA report. In Chapter 3 of a review of the EIA has been done to identify the significant environmental aspects of the project activities and the proposed measures for their mitigation. The structures, utilities and land affected during the project are also identified in the report. The environmental guidelines and policies of JICA (former JBIC) were also reviewed during preparation of the report. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed for both, the construction and operation, stages of the project to ensure compliance of environmental obligations and conditions identified under the EIA report and JICA guidelines. Requirement for monitoring during various stages of the project by the NHA, Contractor(s) and Supervision Consultants have been identified. Institutional structure for implementation of EMP has also been mentioned.
Figure 11: Project Road Map
2. Project Description
2.1. The Project Road
The beginning point is located at Rakhi Gajj Check Post, and the ending point is at Bewata Check Post. Total length of the project road is of 32,167 m. The project road is planned to have eleven (11) locations of river crossing bridges and twenty eight (28) locations of box culverts for cross drainage.
2.2. Typical Cross Sections

Typical cross sections as shown in Figure 2.1 were established based on concept mentioned below. Table 2.1 shows summary of typical cross sections.
The traveled way is kept 7.3 m wide, and the paved shoulder is also kept 1.0 m on both sides of the traveled way in a whole stretch. The stabilized shoulder of 2.0m is provided in the embanked section but neither in the bridge section nor in the retaining wall section. The space for pedestrian on the bridge and retaining wall section is kept 1.0 m wide on the paved shoulder. The rock-fall protection wall with rock-fall storage is installed at identified hazardous section.
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-1 EARTH WORK SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -2 MASONRY WALL SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-3 REINFORCED EARTH SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-4 PRE-FABRICATED STEEL WIDENING SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -5 BRIDGE SECTION
Figure 2-1: Typical Cross-sections
Table 2-1: Summary of Typical Cross-section

Type of Cross Section Unit 1 Type-1 Earthwork Type-2 Masonry Wall Type-3 Reinforced Earth Type-4 Pre-Fabricated Widening Steel lm lm lm lm lm lm 3,833 806 1,644 982 335 7,600 2-1 1,165 871 2,197 381 829 5,443 319 5,973 3,300 9,851 Section 2-2 2,313 780 2,561 2-3 3,239 38 23 3 8,879 89 803 19,429 2,584 7,228 1,363 1,563 32,167 Total
Type-5 Bridge (Concrete & Steel) Total
2.3. Major Work Items of the Project

The major work items of the project are summarized in Table below. Table 2-2: Quantity of Major Work Items
Major work Items 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pre-fabricated steel widening Steel box girder bridge PC girder bridge Asphalt pavement Reinforced earth Rock excavation Common excavation Slope protection & stabilization Box culvert Units lm lm lm sq-m sq-m cu-m cu-m sq-m each Quantity 1,362 825 642 299,000 40,800 30,000 575,000 82,000 28 Remarks 15-locations 8-locations 10-locations
PC bridges are applied to river crossing with straight or gently curved alignment Steel Box girder bridges are applied to sharp curved section on steep down slope Pre-fabricated steel widening (former Land Bridge) is applied for widening of existing road on steep slope.
2.4. Land Acquisition and Affected Structures

The existing road has the Right-of-Way (ROW) of 13.2 m (44ft) in a whole stretch. If wider land acquisition is planned, bigger property compensation is required. Accordingly, the land
acquisition plan that shows minimum border line of improved road is prepared based on the detailed design. Land acquisition will be required tentatively at the sections shown below in Table 2.3 before tendering the project Table 2-3: Required Land Acquisition
Grounds for Land Acquisition Deep cut section High embankment section Cultivated area Commercial Area Housing Area Open Lot Intersection at Khar (between N70 and Road to Fort Munro) Community Center and O & M center Landslide section New alignment section Total Land Acquisition No. of Location 70 69 10 5 15 3 2 Area (sq.m) 11,854 50,871 18,790 2,279 6,240 4,047 426 Remarks Mountain Valley
1 1 55
5,382 16,092 213,394 436,062
(Cultivated Area)
Area of Landslide section mentioned above table shall be finalized during construction stage. The prevention measure for land slide which was proposed by the Consultants will be confirmed based on detail measurement during construction. Affected properties such as structures and utilities within land acquisition plan will be compensated. Affected structures and utilities are mentioned in Table 2.4 below. Table 2-4: Affected Buildings and Utilities
Structure Type Buildings (Hut and Shop) Mosque Electric and telephone post No. 3 0 27 Structure Type Water pipe line Optical fiber cable No. 34 (2923m)
(To be confirmed)
As for the Optical Fiber Cable (OFC), discussion shall be required with PTCL to determine whether relocation or protection will be applied. NHA and local authority shall accomplish land acquisition, property compensation and relocation of affected utilities before tendering the project. Properties to be compensated are mentioned in Table 2.5. Table 2-5: Properties to be compensated
Property Type Cultivated area No. of Lot 10 Area (m2) 24,172 Remarks
Including O& M Center
Commercial Area Housing Area Open Lot
5 15 3
2,279 6,240 4,047
3. Review of EIA
3.1. Introduction
National Highway Authority carried out Environmental Impact Assessment study for N-70 Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section, located near Fort Manro-District Dera Ghazi Khan, in August 2006, according to Government of Pakistan legal requirements IEE/EIA regulations 2000. Environment Protection Department, Government of Punjab approved the EIA on 28th March, 2007, and made its decision for its operational phase. During definitive plan formulation which is a part of CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OF DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, further detailed information such as excavation area, , type of structure and required land acquisition were identified. Based on the above information, review of the EIA should be carried out to confirm no significant change had been made compare to the basic condition of the EIA.
3.2. Field Condition

A field visit, in March 2011, was carried out again by the Consultants to confirm current condition of the Project site and to review the EIA. The existing road is highly deteriorated at some sections. It is problematic due to its rocky terrain, has many sharp cuts, road is also broken at several places, stones and mud were found fallen at some spots due to improper erosion/land sliding control measures. This deterioration is mainly due to poor maintenance rendering it inadequate to accommodate the heavy traffic. The present road geometry is very dangerous due to narrow, sharp turns and steep gradients and thus demands improvement. After the up gradation of the existing road, the dangerous sharp curves will be removed and it will facilitate the travelling and lessen the time span. At several locations there are shops, hotels, agriculture fields, community infrastructure, houses, mosques and water pipeline network. Some of them come under the new proposed alignment. The vegetation present in the Project area is very scarce and comprise of Sheesham, Kikar, Berri and Phulai. On agriculture fields mostly wheat is grown.
3.3. Review of EIA Study

3.3.1 Review of Project Baseline Conditions
Dera Ghazi Khan is located at 30'03" N and 70'38. Dera Ghazi Khan is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The district covers an area of 5,306 m and it is a long narrow strip of country, 198 m. in length, sloping gradually from the hills which form its western boundary to the river Indus on the east. Below the hills the country is high and arid, generally level, but sometimes rolling in sandy undulations and much intersected by hill torrents, 201 in number. With the exceptions of two, these streams dry up after the rains, and their influence is only felt for a few miles below the hills. The eastern portion of the district is at a level sufficiently low to benefit by the floods of the Indus. A barren tract intervenes between these zones, and is beyond the reach of the hill
streams on the one hand and of the Indus on the other. Although liable to great extremes of temperature, and to a very scanty rainfall, the district is not unhealthy. The Suleman Mountains rise to a height of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in the north of the district. 3.3.2 Physical Environment
1) Geology and Soil
The soil of DG Khan is its vicinity is very rich with common stone/ crushed stone (Rorra), marble, limestone and gypsum iron ore/clay for production of cement. Uranium in small quantity has also been reported. The stretch between DG Khan and Bewata were topographically divided in to tree sections; Plain area (spread as flood plain covered with silt and sands without rocks along the west bank of Indus River), Flat/rolling area (semi-desert with few bushes, and consist of fan deposits from the Suleman Range), Mountainous area (target study road of around 34 km runs through the mountainous area, which is part of Suleman Range, formed of mainly barren rocks). The mountain consists of tertiary sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale and thin limestone. In the mountainous section, due to land sliding and improper maintenance road sides are eroded and mostly it blocks the roads due to rock fall. 2) Land use At several locations there are shops/ hotels, agriculture fields, community infrastructure, houses, mosques and water pipeline network. Some of them come under the new proposed alignment. The vegetation present in the Project area comprise of Sheesham, Kikar, Berri and Phulai. On agriculture fields mostly wheat is grown. The Table 2.1 (in chapter 2) shows areas/land along with their Station Number that will come in the right of way (RoW) of the proposed alignment and needs land acquisition either for cutting or filling. The total land acquisition requires 257,804 m2. About 18 structures (including shops, hotels, mosque, building, hut, cabin etc), having accumulated area of 1585 m2, will also come in the RoW of proposed alignment. Table 2.2 (in chapter 2) gives the details of such buildings with the station number and area of each building. About 18 electric poles also come within construction limits. Table 2.4 (in chapter 2) shows location of these electric poles. 3) Climate Project area lies in semi-arid, sub-tropical climate zone with distinct summer and winter seasons. Summer is extremely hot and covers a longer period of the year as compared to winter. The temperature during summer is usually about 115 F (46 C). While during winter season the mercury goes down as far as 40 F (4 C). Due to barren mountain of KohSuleman and sandy soil of the area, windstorms are very common in summer season especially in JulyAugust Period. Fort Munro, located on edge of Punjab Province, in Dist. Dera Ghazi Khan holds relatively cooler weather. In winter, scattered snowfall is also reported in this area. Torrential runoff during rainy season cause massive soil erosion and further deteriorates the road condition. Following table shows climate data for Multan (nearest PMD station) for the year 2010.
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Table 3-6: Climate Data for Multan.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean Temperature oC Daily Daily Minimum Maximum 4.5 21.0 7.6 23.2 13.5 28.5 19.5 35.5 24.4 40.4 28.6 42.3 28.7 39.2 28.0 38.0 24.9 37.2 18.2 34.6 10.9 28.5 5.5 22.7 Mean Total Rainfall (mm) 7.2 9.5 19.5 12.9 9.8 12.3 61.3 32.6 10.8 1.7 2.3 6.9
Source: World Meteorological Organization, 2010.
4) Water sources Project area is semi-arid and surface water is scarce. Permanent water sources are ground water and spring water they are fresh and suitable for drinking. In and around project area people dig ponds for water storage before rainy season, and later on use those water for domestic purpose. From Rakhi Gajj upto Suleman Mountains (in the Project area) a seasonal stream flows along the river. In hilly areas like Fort Manro, water is brought from Rakhni and Khar areas. Water supply system in Project area starts from Sakhi Sarwar onwards towards D G Khan. Due to the hilly terrain, water supply lines cross the winding roads at several locations. Due to proposed alignment, the affected utilities within the construction limit the water supply pipes are at seven different locations having total length of 187 m. Table 2.3 (in chapter 2) shows details of affected water pipes, their length and station number. According to water supply test report (2006) major water parameters are within limits except Sulphate, Magnesium, and iron which are above the permissible limit. However, the ground water test report shows all parameters were within WHO standards. Bacterial quality testing for supply water and ground shows presence of total colony count, total coliforms, and faecal coliform; they are also reported in ground water, and hence water is unsuitable for drinking purpose. 5) Air quality Air quality in project area is generally good as there is no industrial activity in the area. However, dust and suspended particulate matter is present due to heavy vehicles movement on the on dry soil road. 6) Noise levels Bad pavement condition causing high level of noise and vibration affects, however, there are small number of residential houses located along the road. Mostly project area is quite as community is sparsely scattered and there is no major business or commercial area along the road.
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7) Minerals and /Rocks Project area is hilly terrain. Rocks found in Project area and its vicinity is common stone/ crush, limestone, gypsum, iron ore and clay, small percentage of uranium and common salt. 3.3.3 Biological Resources
The project road runs in rocky mountain area where shrub and indigenous species in the semi-arid area are scattered. The vegetation present in the Project area comprise of Sheesham, Kikar, Berri and Phulai. Maskeet, Sanatha, Mazri, Cheerh are also found the Project area. Some fruit tress like Mango, Jaman and Khoobani are also found in Fort Munroe hills. On agriculture fields wheat is usually grown. There is no protected area in the vicinity of Project area. The fauna present in the project area comprises of both local and migratory species (Hubara Buster, Green Pigeon, Dove, Saras, Batair, and Sparrows) along with some reptiles (Gao, Uromastic, Wiper and Grey Cobra). 3.3.4 Socio-Cultural Environment
People in the project area lead a nomadic life. They have kucha huts, scattered all over, in plain areas people have made houses of mud with wooden roofs. The average landholdings in those settlements are small and the agriculture mainly depends on rainfall. Caste system among various ethnic groups is very strong. Population of the district is mostly Muslims, Ahmadi have very small population, followed by Christians and Hindus. The inhabitants of the district are mainly Baloch, Khosa and Leghari tribes dominate in the area. Siraiki is major language spoken in the area. Cultivation and livestock breeding are the main means of livelihood of rural and urban population. Major hospitals and educations institutes are present in the urban areas. A number of mosques and grave yards are present in the Project area. About 18 structures (including 2 mosques), having accumulated area of 1585 m2, will also come in the right of way (RoW) of proposed alignment. Table 2.2 (chapter 2) gives the details of such buildings with the station number and area of each building. Fort Manro is a famous recreational resort in the D G Khan district. It is located at 4 km from Khar town, in the Project area, at N-70 and is also a hill station (during summers as climate of this place remains cool).
3.4. Review of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

JICA checklist of items was used, as applicable, for identification and mitigation measures (provided in Annexure 1). Following are the major impacts of the proposed project in Project area; 3.3.5 Land Acquisition and Clearing
Land acquisition and relocation of shops, mosques, hotels, hut etc at Khar and Bewata are one of the major issues during preconstruction or design phase. Mitigation Measures Land acquisition and resettlement, will be required on this project. It can be done in the form of land/monetary compensation to the project affected peoples before the commencement of the Project activities, so that no further issue arise during construction phase.
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3.3.6
Flora
Flora of the area will be disturbed by cutting of trees coming in the construction limits. Mitigation Measures Project area has sparsely scattered vegetation. Any tree cutting could be supplemented by replantation and vegetation along the road especially within the project vicinity to improve the aesthetics along with reducing air pollution etc. Tree cutting for using as fuel wood should be prohibited during construction phase, and the labours/workers should be provided with gas cylinders. 3.3.7 Fauna
With the construction activities/ and use of heavy machinery and tree cutting the wild animals will be disturbed and leave the area for safe shelter. Illegal hunting by the project workers/labours also threatens the birds. Mitigation Measures Hunting and poaching should be banned in the labour camps and no one will be allowed to cut a single tree for fuel wood purposes. With the tree plantation in the project area the animals will return back to their original sites especially the birds. 3.3.8 Disturbance in the routine traffic movement
Routine traffic movement will be disturbed during construction phase, and will make obstacles for the passenger especially patients travelling on this road. Mitigation Measures Proper alternate traffic management plan should be provided during the construction phase so that routine traffic is not disturbed. Use of proper signage/sign boards should be ensured this will facilitate the traffic. 3.3.9 Air quality
Air quality may be affected by the dust and fugitive emissions from construction machinery, asphalt plants, vehicular traffic, and movement of heavy traffic/trucks used by contractors during construction phase. Emission may be carried over long distances depending upon the wind speed and direction, the temperature of the surrounding air and atmospheric stability. Mitigation Measures Dust should be controlled by equipping asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. To settle doen emission/dust surface treating or overlaying diversion tracks with shingle and sprinkling water across diversion tracks should be ensured. Haul trucks carrying aggregate fill materials are kept covered with tarpaulin to help contain construction material being transported between sites. NEQS where applicable to gaseous emissions generated by construction vehicles, equipment and machinery be implemented. 3.3.10 Geology and Soil Soil erosion may occur around roadside and contractors camps as a result unmanaged run-off
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from equipment washing yards. Also, there will be soil run-off resulting from cut and fill areas etc. Possible contamination of soil by oil and chemicals at asphalt plant sites, workshops areas and equipment washing yards may limit future use of lands for agriculture purposes. Mitigation Measures Low embankments will be protected by planting Veltiver grass that can flourish in relatively dry conditions. Specific treatment and restoration activities to avoid soil run-off damage will be adopted. Low embankments will be protected by constructing stone pitching or riprap across embankments. This practice will also be applied across cross drainage structures where embankments are more susceptible to erosion by water run-off. Soil contamination by asphalt will be minimized by placing all containers in caissons. In addition these caissons will be checked periodically for any leakages. 3.3.11 Slope stabilization Most pat of the proposed project passes by mountainous area. The construction, excavation, and filling activities will disturb the slope stability and may cause rock fall and debris fall. Mitigation Measures For slope stabilization NHA has taken major steps in design phase of proposed project, to ensure slope stability. Some of them are as follows:
1. Rock fall protection is adapted to the rockfall hazardous zone of Project identified
during site investigations.

2. Five (5) meter of the catchment area width is secured at uphill side as impact space
for the rocks falling from hill top over twenty-four (24) meter.
3. Rockfall Protection wall is provided at the road side to prevent the rocks from arriving
at roadway, and to reserve debris from the uphill slope.

a) Rockfall Prevention Measure
Partially over-hanged rock wall is fixed by filling concrete. The surface of objective rock wall is covered with shot concrete to prevent the rock wall from weathering. Rockfall protection steel net which was produced to withstand the Rockfall impact covers the rock wall.
b) Removal of Lose Rock on the Slope
Loose and unstable rocks will be removed to prevent from falling to the road after construction.
c) Slope Stabilization Work of Cut Slope
Concrete Frame with Earth Anchor is applied as slope stabilization measure to the cut slope of Section-3, where cut line with stable slope angle affects the buildings, pylon and existing branch road. Particularly in the end of Section 3 covered by talus layer need to be cut with 1V:1.5H for stability.
d) Slope Stabilization Work of Existing Slope
Although no cut is required for road widening, unstable slope covered by talus layer along the
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road side of section 2-2 needs to be stabilized since the existing road is affected by slope failure during rainy season. The slope stabilization by cutting with stable slope (i.e. 1V:1.5H) is princely adopted. In case the slope line affects other road or buildings, retaining wall is supplementary constructed.
3.3.12 Surface and ground water Disposal of construction and solid waste can contaminate surface water bodies. In addition, construction waste if left unattended will result in forming leachate which will percolate though the soil strata and will reach underground water table and hence, will end up contaminating it, through this process will take a longer time to occur. In addition some water pipes also come in the proposed project alignment, which will disrupt community water supply. Mitigation Measures The water supply system needs to be improved and maintained. The ground and surface water reserves should be adequately protected from any source of contamination sucha s construction and oily waste. Solid waste will be disposed off in designated waste disposal sites to sustain the water quality for domestic requirements. 3.3.13 Drainage Tunnel provision may hinder the natural water flow from the mluntains. There might be stagnation of storm water if proper drainage arrangements are not made inside the tunnel, which may promote water borne disease and health hazards. Mitigation Measures During design phase provision of drainage path for the storm water coming from overhead mountains should be ensured. In addition small sized drains inside the tunnel to carry storm water to open ground and fields. 3.3.14 Health and safety of workers Hazards due to road accidents, unhygienic conditions in labour camp and health issues during construction activities might arise. Mitigation Measures Use of personal protective equipments should be ensured to avoid any accident. Better traffic management by providing adequate cautionary traffic signs and signals will avoid road accidents. Regular monitoring of health issues and precautions should also be ensured. Layout plan for camp site, to be approved by the environmental officer indicating safety measures taken by contractor, e.g. firefighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents will be ensured. Obligatory insurance against accidents to work laborers, providing basic medical service and supplies to workers shall be made possible. Personal protective equipments (PPE) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generation machines. Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking, clean drinking water and dormitory facilities including light up to satisfaction approved by the Environmental officer will also be ensured. For clean drinking water filters will be used.
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3.3.15 Solid waste disposal It will cause health risks to work force and public if not properly managed. It will also attract wild animals which will further aggravate the situation. Mitigation Measures Contractor will provide proper waste management plan. Sewage system for such camps will be properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary waste water. Planning for burning sites in due distance to human settlements, incorporate technical design. Training of work force in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination. Solid waste generated during construction and in camp sites will be properly treated and safely disposed odd in demarcated waste disposal sites. 3.3.16 Socio cultural issues If all the workers/staff members are hired from outside D G Khan it may raise cultural conflicts with residents. Construction activities will cause disturbance to local people routine work. Infrastructure and property coming in the way of proposed project area will also raise conflicts. Mitigation Measures Timely and full public consultation and announcement of mobilizing equipment will help locals to schedule their routine work accordingly. NHA will establish of formal links with affected communities so as to now their problems due to construction activities and workers. In this regard they may seek assistance from and cooperation with local NGOs/CBOs. Familiarize outside labourrs on local etiquettes (e.g. chadar and purdah). Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an agreed ratio (> 75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works. 3.3.17 Employment Opportunities Contractor will ensure to employ an agreed ratio (> 75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works. This will develop community confidence and good relations. Project will provide employment opportunities directly (by hiring workers in the project) and indirectly (by use of local material and services). The nearby markets and hotels business will also flourish, and will contribute in the development of local economy.
3.5. Review of JICA Guidelines

3.5.1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations
The EIA report and EMP was also assessed against the JICA guidelines for environmental and social considerations, April 2010 and JBIC Environmental Guidelines for ODA Loans. The objectives of these guidelines are to encourage Project proponents etc. to have appropriate consideration for the environmental and social impacts, as well as to ensure that JICAs support for examination of environmental and social considerations are conducted accordingly. After the merger of the JICA and JIBC wing of the ODA in 2008 JICA became an implementing agency of the Japanese ODA to manage three forms of assistancetechnical cooperation, Loan aid, and Grant aid. Due to this situation, two sets of guidelines were integrated based on the characteristics of three schemes. JICA revised its guidelines for
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environmental and social considerations through a consultative process involving all stakeholders. JICA encourages host country governments, including local governments, borrowers, and project proponents, to implement the appropriate measures for environmental and social considerations when engaging in cooperation activities. At the same time, JICA provides support for and examinations of environmental and social considerations in accordance with the guidelines. 3.5.2 Environmental Screening
Screening means deciding whether proposed projects are likely to have impacts that need to be assessed by conducting environmental and social considerations studies according to project description and site description. JICA conducts screening by classifying proposed projects into four categories: A, B, C, and FI. According to the JICA guidelines for environmental and social considerations the Project falls under Category-B since neither it is a sensitive sector project nor it has sensitive characteristics or located near sensitive area that is likely to have significant adverse impacts on the environment and society. Proposed Project will have only site specific impacts which can be mitigated by the proper implementation of Environmental Management Plan. Category B- are those projects if their potential adverse impacts on the environment and society are less adverse than those of Category A projects (likely to have significant adverse impacts on the environment and society, like projects in or near sensitive sectors). Generally, they are site-specific; few if any are irreversible; and in most cases, normal mitigation measures can be designed more readily. The screening of the project has been done according to the Screening Format mentioned at Annexure-4 of the JICA guidelines (attached as Appendix 2). The Road checklist has also been reviewed as per the format attached as Appendix 3. 3.5.3 Status of compliance
Following are the details of the EIA report and EMP compliance against JICA guidelines: JICA guidelines addressed in EIA/EMP The Environmental Impact Assessment of the project has been carried out to the national and provincial laws and regulations, and the Punjab Environmental Protection department has issued final approval of the project. Environmental and Social survey at the EIA level has been carried out. Environmental Impacts are assessed; alternatives, mitigation measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for potential negative impacts, as well as measures to promote positive impacts are considered. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis is also carried out. Impacts assessed with regard to Climate change, social institutions, social JICA/Other guidelines not applicable or not addressed in the EIA/EMP World banks safeguard policies, International standards, treaties; declarations etc are not applicable, therefore, not addressed in the EIA report.
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environmental and social includes impacts on humans and safety, air, water, soil, waste accidents, water usage, ecosystems, fauna and flora, migrations of population and involuntary resettlement, local economy, employment and livelihood, utilization of land, local resources, existing social infrastructure and services, gender, cultural heritage, infectious diseases, and working conditions including occupational safety.
capital and local decision making institutions, vulnerable social groups, such as poor and indigenous peoples, are not applicable on this project because of the small scale. The project will facilitate the people in decreasing the distance an time. The project in itself does not include large emissions for a longer time; however the air pollution due to machinery used is addressed in the EMP. The project will benefit all the people who are using this road including poor, vulnerable or indigenous people, therefore they are not considered separately.
The projects information is disclosed during the public consultation and public hearing, includes environmental and social considerations. Project proponents consult with local stakeholders in order to take into consideration the environmental and social factors in a way that is most suitable to local situations, and in order to reach an appropriate consensus. Different alternatives for the Project including with and without project are also considered. Since significant disturbance to local population and any relocation is not encountered/envisaged therefore preparation of details Resettlement Action Plan may not be required. Only some land acquisition is foreseen. Monitoring Plan is provided in the EMP.
3.6. Conclusion
The proposed project focuses on improvement of the existing road alignment and includes construction of bridges and culverts. An environmental assessment study has been carried out to review the relevant area attributes and to identify the expected impacts of the project activities on environment and social setup. Appropriate mitigation measures have been identified to redress the impacts during the design as well as construction phases. Necessary approval from EPA Punjab has been acquired in compliance with the national environmental legislative requirements. The environmental management plan (EMP) of the project has been developed to ensure compliance with the JICA guidelines and conditions of EIA approval. It has been further concluded that proposed project needs land acquisition along the existing
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road, for which resettlement plan/ land acquisition plan will be developed in detail after the survey and public disclosure in the Project area. Relevant stakeholders will also be notified during the process. All this process will be implemented well before the commencement of the construction activities. Proper steps have been taken in the design phase to address negative impacts and to comply with the requirements applicable under the JICA guidelines and national environmental legislation, therefore, overall this project is beneficial for the development.
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4. Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework

4.1. Outline of the Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework
Land acquisition process deals with the acquisition of the land for permanent and temporary purposes. The permanent land shall become the property of the Project for the whole concession period. The temporary land is required only for the construction period and shall be returned to the owners once the project goes in to the operation phase. The area to be acquired for the N-70 is hilly, cultivated and uncultivated agricultural land. The project design requires acquisition of certain number of houses for permanent purposes. After negotiations between NHA, land owners, and community elders, land will be acquired for the project and all affectees will be paid land compensation. Therefore, a Resettlement Plan (RP) is required to carry out resettlement process in line with the NHA Regulations/JICA Policy for the economic losses of affected persons caused by the proposed development project. The aggregated detail of the houses and land required for permanent and temporary purposes, the inhabitants (owners and their family members) associated with such land to be used or acquired for N-70 Project should be made in the Resettlement Plan by NHA.
4.2. Objectives of the RP

Main objectives of the Resettlement Plan are as follows: Identification of affected persons Preparation of Socio economic profile of affected persons / families Inventory of economic assets to be acquired / lost and Preparation of compensation / entitlement matrix. Thus the main focus of plan is to set out strategies to mitigate adverse effects and to maintain living standards of those affected by dislocation effects.
4.3. Implementation
The implementation of Resettlement Plan must be completed prior to start the civil works. NHA will be responsible for the implementation of RP. The affected persons will be paid due compensation for their lost assets at least two months prior to demolishing and removal all salvageable material. NHA will provide adequate advance notification to demolish and removal of the affected persons and will pay their due compensation. All activities related to RP will be completed prior to the award of contract for the civil works. Following section highlights major components of the Resettlement/ Land acquisition framework:
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1. Survey
2. Public Participation and Disclosure (in national or local languages)
3. Land to be market out, measured and planned 4. Land Acquisition Process 5. Notification under LAA Section 6. Notice to persons interested 7. Inventory preparation a. Inventory of Community Structures b. Inventory of Government Structures c. Inventory of Structure of Affected Families 8. Assets Valuation 9. Compensation Entitlements a. Agricultural land b. Residential land
c. Crops/Trees
d. Houses and wells e. Government structure

10. Compensation Assessment (Revised) 11. Payment of Compensation 12. Grievance Redress
13. Possession of Land/ Assets for Project Works 14. Start of Preliminary Works
4.4. Legislation to be consulted during Land Acquisition process

The provisions laid down in Pakistan Constitution- Protection of Property Rights (Article 23, 24), Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, , Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894especially the sections 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 18, 23, 28, 3, Draft Resettlement Ordinance (2002) should be followed/consulted during the Land Acquisition process.
4.5. Role of NHA

NHA will keep record of all the grievance and maintenance rather improvement of environmental conditions of the area and uplift of socio-economic conditions of the affected
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peoples (APs) in particular and residents of and around the project area in general. NHA will be responsible for the all kind of compensation to the project affected peoples. They will supervise and monitor the resettlement plan and inventory of APs. NHA will collect and share record of all the grievance and maintenance of APs before implementation of the proposed Project. They will also make an inventory of the affected people and a detailed resettlement/ land acquisition plan for the project. During the implementation of resettlement/land acquisition plan it is to ensure that members of the affected households, including if any, women, children, elderly, handicapped, have no grievances.
4.6. Scope of Resettlement/Land Acquisition Action Plan

The scope of land acquisition and resettlement was defined by conducting field survey, however a detailed collection of primary and secondary data as well as through consultations with affected persons and communities in the villages of the project area is required. The survey was conducted for the proposed project. The land areas to be acquired for the project are highlighted in chapter 2.
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5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

5.1. Introduction
This section provides an approach for managing and monitoring environmental issues and describes the institutional framework and resource allocations proposed to the National Highway Authority (NHA) for the project. As the primary national authority on roads, that has been assigned the task to carry out the Project. NHA is responsible for ensuring that the Project complies with the laws and regulations controlling the environmental concerns of highway construction and operation and that all pre-construction requisites such as permits and clearances are met.
5.2. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The EMP will help the NHA and the contractor to address the foreseen adverse environmental impacts of the project, enhance the project overall benefits and introduce standards of good environmental practice. The primary objectives of the EMP are to:
Define the role and responsibilities of project proponents, super vision consultant, and contractor(s) in accordance with the three project phases (design, construction and operation), Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures by providing the technical details of each project impact and proposing and implementation schedule, Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters to ensure that all proposed mitigation measures are completely and effectively implemented, Identify training requirements at various levels and provide a plan for implantation, Identify the resource required to implement the EMP relevant financial arrangements; and Providing a cost estimate for all proposed EMP actions.
5.3. Key Environmental and Social Components

The key environmental and social issues associated with this part of the project are as follows:
Resettling/relocating structures presently exiting within the proposed construction limit of the project right of way; Appropriately locating temporary construction camps, asphalt plants and waste disposal sites and the environmental aspects and proposed mitigation measures of operating these facilities; Regulating the procurement of the borrow material and top soil erosion during construction; Avoiding the obstruction of highway drainage system during construction and operation; Minimizing the impacts and relocating cultural sites or structures and communityowned assets during construction and operation; Ensuring pedestrian and traffic safety during construction and operation; and
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Compensation to the owners of the agriculture fields coming in the new proposed alignment.
5.4. Role of Functionaries

Following section explains the roles and responsibilities of personals involved in EMP implementation. 5.4.1 NHA (project implementing authority)
1) The GM Punjab The GM Punjab and his staff are responsible for ensuring that the project design and specifications adequately reflect the EMP and the Resettlement Policy Framework (if required). The responsibilities of the GM Punjab and his supportive staff are as follows:

Setting up systems for environmental management. Ensuring that the contractors comply with the EMP, they perform their duties according to contractual obligations and especially manage the construction waste in an adequate manner to avoid any unattended waste on-site. Supervising environmental and social assessments and providing preparing engineering design and tender documents; making sure that an adequate representation of the stake holders has been considered and the concerns are adequately addressed. Developing the Resettlement Policy Framework (PRF), if needed, and conducting surveys to determine resettlement requirements, if any. The implementation of works will also be managed by NHAs General Manager Punjab assisted by a project coordinator. The GM will also be assisted by a Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land.
2) Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land The DD Environment will ensure the projects compliance with environmentally sound project design and implementation. The Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land will supervise NHAs resettlement officer and ensure that the following activities are carried out transparently and according to acceptable standards:

Identifying and verifying project affected persons (PAPs); Identifying which public facilities and utilities need to be relocated and to which extent. Identifying alternative resettlement sites for PAPs outside the Row; In this regard, it would be made sure that the new allocated places/resettlement site (s) are feasible for the resettlement so that they do not have to travel too far to earn their livelihood. Carrying out a consultation and dissemination campaigns with regards to compensation procedures, entitlement packages and proposed alternative resettlement sites. Preparing individual entitlement files. Ensuring that affectees of the project are adequately compensated. Preparing and approving compensation budgets. These budgets would be reasonable
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to accommodate the losses of the affected people. Ensuring that an adequate notice period is given to Project Affected Peoples before shifting and, Providing shifting assistance to displaced people and to assist them to salvage their facilities. Ensuring the availability of human and material resources required for environmental monitoring during construction and operational phase. Ensuring that the compensations allocated in the EMP are given to the affectees etc.
3) Project Director Environment The various assignments at the operational phase supervised by the Project Director Environment are:
The Project Director will be responsible to oversee the wording of the GM Punjab (NHA) and the supervision consultant. Coordinating with the project coordinator working to monitor environmental compliance during road construction and operation. This will include the conduction of environmental monitoring according to the schedule given in EMP. Any deviation from the schedule would be adequately explained. Proper measures will be taken to ensure environmental compliance. Reporting on the progress of environmental compliance to the EPD Punjab and ensuring compliance with the conditions of EIA approval. Sustaining a working partnership among the NHA, EPD Punjab, City Government, Agriculture, Forest and Wildlife Departments, NGOs/CBOs and other related public and private sector organizations. Report to GM Punjab about the progress of work. Generating periodic monitoring report and disseminating these among the management and appropriate staff members along with EPD Punjab. Contracting out external monitoring to independent firms and ensuring that periodic environmental audits are carried out.
4) Project Coordinator
The Project Coordinator will be responsible for handling the NHAs obligations with respect to the EMP. The project coordinator will be responsible for ensuring that the provisions of the EMP are implemented in the construction areas both at the construction and operational phases. Project Coordinator will report and address the problems relating to the traffic, air and water pollution, health and safety especially during the construction activities. Project Coordinator will also be coordinating with the supervision consultant and contractor. Coordinating with local NGOs; that could also effectively coordinate with the natives of the area in disseminating complete information regarding the project activities.
5) National Highway Motorway Police (NHMP) During operation phase, NHMP is responsible to carry out following duties:
NHMP will observe and check the physical state of the heavy traffic vehicle drivers to make sure that they are not under any influence of drugs or sedation while driving.
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A monitory fine and a ban on driving (for 2 months at least) will be imposed on the drivers who found driving under the influence of any sedative drugs. NHMP will periodically check the validity of Heavy Traffic Vehicle (HTV) licenses; NHMP will make sure oil tanker (s) drivers have valid certification form respective oil refineries; 5.4.2 Supervision Consultant
Supervision Consultant will be responsible for:
Overseeing the compliance of EMP and monitoring activities of the environmental parameters. Overseeing the environmental performance of the contractor(s) and their obligations under the EMP. Guidance to the project staff to monitor environmental compliance during project implementation. Review of third party evaluation and monitoring reports. Review of external environmental audits reports. Ensuring that day to day construction activities are carried out in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner. 5.4.3 Contractor
The responsibilities of the contractor(s) would be as under:
Implementation of all the environmental obligations mentioned under the contract agreement. Ensure that the work is carried out in compliance with the EMP without posing any risk to environmental and health and safety of the workers. Provide clean and safe working environmental to the workers. Develop and implement environmental monitoring plan and waste management plan. Hire an environmental officer who will be responsible for implementing environmental obligations including the relevant provisions of EMP. Environmental officer will be responsible for monitoring and evaluation of all the work done by the contractors workers. Environmental officer monitor site clearance and preparation, solid waste management, work safety and hygiene, water consumption for construction and labor camp etc. All kinds of maintenance and rehabilitation of the project area during construction phase.
5.5. Environmental Monitoring

This sub section provides a monitoring plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of project staff involved in environmental and social monitoring and lists the parameters that will be used in the monitoring process.
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5.5.1
Objectives
The main objectives of the pre-construction and construction phase monitoring plans will be to: Monitor the actual impact of the works of road new alignment on the project corridors physical, biological and socio-economic receptors. This will indicate the adequacy of the EMP. Recommend mitigation measures for any unexpected impact or where the impact leave exceeds than that anticipated in the report; Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety of construction sites; Monitor the rehabilitation of borrow areas and the restoration of construction camps sites and; Ensure the safe disposal of excess construction materials by the contractor. The waste materials dumped on the construction sties result in the formation of leachate after a rainfall event which ultimately contaminates the groundwater in the project area is mostly hilly and the groundwater table is quite deep. The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:

Appraise the adequacy of the EMP with respect to the projects predicated long-term impact on the corridors physical, biological and socio-economic environment. Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and recommend improvements, if and when required; Compile periodic accidental data to support analyses that will help minimize any future risks 5.5.2 Monitoring Parameters
1) Environmental Monitoring Parameters: The following environmental parameters will be monitored at locations to be indentified e.g. location of asphalt plants, construction camps etc.

Ambient Air Quality (mainly NOx, Sox, CO and PM10) Asphalt plant emissions (smoke, dust, etc.) Ambient Noise Levels Drinking Water Quality
2) Social Monitoring Parameters: Social monitoring will be carried out based on the following indicators:
Number of project affected persons (PAPs) to be resettled/ relocated/ and provided livelihood assistance. Inventory and valuation of PAPs affected assets. Notice period given to PAPs before shifting them from their original locations within the RoW. Verification of shifting assistance provided to displaced affectees and structures. PAPs perspective on compensation procedure and entitlement package.
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Details of compensations given. Number of grievances recorded and responded. 5.5.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes
Overall, progress reporting will be the responsibility of the project coordinator who will provide inputs to the supervision consultant to be collected and submitted to the GM Punjab. The supervision consultant will be responsible for submitting a monthly Environmental/ Social Report for the project. In addition both the DD Environment/Social and Land will prepare a quarterly report encompassing environmental concerns and following review by the GM Punjab, submit the report the EPD Punjab.
5.6. Environmental Management Plan

The proposed mitigation measures will be carried out as indicated in Table 5-7.
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Table 5-7: Proposed Mitigation Measures

Activities and Actions Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Approximate Location Timeframe Institutional Responsibility
Implementation Supervision
DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Land acquisition Loss of homes, assets, agriculture land Provide Resettlement Action Plan and proper compensation according to the market rates. Minimize acquisition of precious/ fertile land Improve the road and bridge geometry, provide markings for centre and edge lines and stop lines at junctions and bus stops, all signs, markings and bridge plates must be reflectorized, improve junction layouts, Provision of diversion routes and proper signage. In built-up and crop lands Before commencement of construction work During the design and construction phase During the design and construction phase Entire alignment in situ planning decision Throughout project life NHA (Project coordinator) Deputy director Environment and Land, Contractor NHA
Design bridges to standards with special reference to local dangers Location in areas with communities
Uneasy traffic flow, congestion and undesired encounters with slow traffic and livestock crossing. Exit/ entry problems for the residents. Safety hazards for the pedestrian Loss of plants in an area with already scarce biodiversity, and loss of functional benefits from roadside plants
Where bridges are required
Design Consultant, and Project Engineer Designer, and Project Engineer/ Contractor Technical Design Engineer, NHA/ Planning and Design
NHA
Loss of vegetation due to alignment change
Incorporate technical design to minimize removal of roadside plantation, plan for compensatory planting for each felled, 2 plants of similar floral function, disallow introduction of exotic species or species with known environmental setbacks (e.g. Eucalyptus, Prosopis) Incorporate cautionary signage to raise attention of road users for wildlife crossing in areas at risk, assist in public awareness programs where applicable, e.g. planning of wildlife information signboards. Minimize the degradation of the natural topography of the area Incorporate technical design features that enable continual traffic flux and avoid congestions (e.g. signboards, speed limits, speed bumpers, bays). Consider noise barriers in sensitive areas.
NHA/ Environment Department
Disturbance to ecological sensitive areas adjacent to highway/bridge
Traffic accidents with wildlife,
At relevant locations
Throughout project life.
Technical Design Engineer
NHA/ Environment department
Increase of traffic intensity
Increase of air and noise pollution and associated health risks for roadside residents
At towns/villages especially at near the junction of Fort Munro road and Bewata.
Throughout project life.
Technical Design Engineer
NHA(Project coordinator)/ Environment department
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Activities and Actions
Environmental Issues
Mitigation Measures Proper alternate traffic management plan/ diversion routes. Selection of up-to-date equipment and plants with reduced noise level ensured by suitable in built dampening techniques and appropriate muffling devices
Approximate Location
Timeframe
Institutional Responsibility
Solid waste generation
Air pollution associated with burning garbage, smell, animals attraction
Planning for burning sites in due distance to human settlements, incorporate technical design. Training of work force in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination. Solid waste generated during construction and in camp sites will be properly treated and safely disposed odd in demarcated waste disposal sites. Contractor needs to obtain approval from environmental officer for excavation and for plan of rehabilitating the site after excavation Maximum use of existing quarries for conglomerates from approved and formerly used quarry sites. Land could also be selected through community consultation, which could subsequently be developed into fishponds or other productive purposes. Timely notifications and consultations with local communities. All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power lines) likely to be impacted by the new alignment of the road be relocated well ahead to works commencement. In unavoidable interference prior notification and consultation needs to be made to reach consensus on procedures and options (e.g. relocation/ re-building) or any other form of agreed compensation.
All along the construction sites.
Pre construction and construction phase.
NHA, Contractor
NHA/ Environment department
Excavation of earth material from borrow areas Acquisition of conglomerate and rocky sub-base material
Change of edaphic characteristics, loss f topsoil, impact on agriculture Degradation of existing river beds, alteration of surface and groundwater regime, land use conflicts
Borrow areas at/near agriculture and irrigation areas At all agriculture sites
During construction phase During construction phase
NHA, Contractor
NHA (Project coordinator) / Environment department Nha/ Environment department
NHA, Contractor, Design Consultant/ Sociologist NHA (Project coordinator) to inform local people NHA (Project coordinator), in bid documents Design consultant, sociologist
Public utilities
Public utilities such as water pipe lines, power lines, schools be affected will create disruption of public services and economics Impacts on mosques, shrines, graveyards
Mentioned under Table 1.3 and 1.4
During design phase
Respective department of NHA
Cultural properties
Mentioned in Table 1.2
During design phase
NHA/ Environment Department
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Mitigation Measures
Timeframe
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Land acquisition and Resettlement/ Relocation Loss of infrastructure, commercial activities, agriculture land, and loss of fertile plough layer at camp sites and asphalt plants and drop in the elevation of the borrow areas. Loss of vegetation and assets on the selected land, and dissatisfaction on rehabilitation measures after completion Compensation/ resettlement/relocation for losses in business/ commercial activities and land management to take care of the drop in the elevation of the borrow areas. NHA will prepare Action Plan for lad acquisition, relocation and compensation for the affected community and infrastructure/buildings etc. All efforts during the design stage should be made to minimize the removal of existing macro-plants at camp sites. Contractor will provide plan for removal and rehabilitation of the site upon completion. Photographical and botanical inventory of vegetation before clearing the site. Compensatory plantation should be scheduled when construction works near end; for each tree removed 5 new shall be planted. Contractor will provide proper waste management plan. Sewage system for such camps will be properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary waste water Layout plan for camp site, to be approved by the environmental officer indicating safety measures taken by contractor, e.g. firefighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents. Obligatory insurance against accidents to work laborers. Providing basic medical service and supplies to workers. Personal protective equipments (PPE) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generation machines. Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking, and dormitory facilities including light At prospective locations identified in Table 1.1 after agreement with the local communities, where needed. Before commencement of the work. NHA/ Resettlement officer NHA/ Environment Department/ Resident Engineer.
Site clearance and preparation, and reinstallation work after contract completion
At prospective camp sites
While establishing the camps
Contractor
NHA/ Environment department/
Sanitation and waste disposal Facilities at camps
Health risks to work force and public if not properly managed
At all solid and liquid waste collection and latrine sites of camps Throughout the operation of work camps.
Throughout construction phase
Contractor
Sociologist/ environmental officer
Work safety and hygienic conditions
Health risks if work conditions provide unsafe/or unfavorable work conditions
During construction phase
Contractor
Supervision consultant/ environmental officer of supervision consultant
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Mitigation Measures up to satisfaction approved by the supervision consultant/Environmental officer. Provide education on health related issues including communicable diseases including HIA/AIDS, Hepatitis, etc.
Timeframe
Camp site security
Security hazards and related conflicts
Proper storage and fencing/locking of storage rooms. Employment of guard for storage rooms. Provision of adequate security against sabotage, petrol pilfering and theft. All spoils will be disposed off as desired and the site will be restored back to its original conditions before handing over. Nonbituminous wastes from construction activities will be dumped in sites approved by the supervision consultant/environmental officer/resident engineer, in line with the legal prescriptions for dumpsites, and covered with a layer of the conserved topsoil. Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels. Oil and grease traps will be provided at fuelling locations, to prevent contamination of water. Water quality will be monitored. In areas with high sheet flow, high embankments will be provided with chutes and drains to minimize soil erosion. Stone pitching and retaining walls will be made at high embankment in critical area (>40% gradient). As applicable and needed, plantation will be done for slope protection. Soil erosion checking measures such as the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc, will be carried out. Rock fall embankment protections will be used to stop rock fall and debris from falling onto roads.
At construction camp location
Throughout construction period
Contractor
Supervision consultant/Envi ronmental officer/resident engineer Supervision consultant/ environmental officer/resident engineer
Construction waste material
Contamination of soil from construction wastes and quarry materials
At all construction sites
Throughout construction period.
Contractor
Movement, maintenance and fuelling of construction vehicles
Contamination of soil and groundwater from fuel and lubricants
During construction
At all river bed crossings
Contractor
Supervision consultant/ environmental department, resident engineer. Supervision consultant/ environmental officer
Embankment works; excavation of earth, cutting operations, embanking, clearing of vegetations
Soil erosion, loss of vegetation and habitat, rock fall/debris fall.
At all sites where high embankments are required, e.g. near bridges.
During construction
Contractor
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Mitigation Measures All slop stabilization techniques (bioengineering) will be used to control rock falls.
Timeframe
Borrow pit excavation activities
Soil erosion, damage, to road embankment and public health risks
No excavations are allowed within distance of 100m to ROW. In borrow pits the depth of the pit will be regulated so that the sides of the excavation will have a slope not steeper than 1:4. Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall be regularly checked along the borrow pit shall be regularly checked to prevent/mitigate impacts on adjacent lands. Where deep ditching is to be carried out the top on meter layer of ditching area will be stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initially be filled, with scrap material form construction and then leveled with the stockpiled top soil The contractor will make arrangements for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected. For construction purposes, water shall be drawn from surface water bodies on priority and as available. Application of good engineering and construction practice. To maintain the surface water flow/drainage, proper mitigation measures will be taken along Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal sites. Construction work close to water bodies will be avoided during monsoon season. As a precautions construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation. Application of good engineering and
All borrow sites in entire project area
During borrow and excavation
Contractor
Supervision contractor/ environmental officer of supervision consultant/ resident engineer
Water consumption for construction and labour camp
Conflict with local water demand
Throughout the project area
During construction
Contractor
Supervision consultant/ environmental officer
Spillage of liquid wastes
Risk of polluting surface and groundwater from liquid waste spillage, drainage and run-off from construction sites. Contamination of water due to construction waste
Throughout the project corridor
Contractor
Supervision consultant/ environmental officer Supervision consultant/ environmental officer
Earth and stone work, other construction activities affecting water resources Earth and stone
Throughout the project corridor
Contractor
Uncontrolled explosions can
At prospective
During
Contractor
Supervision
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Activities and Actions work, in hill cuts requiring blasting
Environmental Issues trigger landslides, erosion, and affect hydraulic regime
Mitigation Measures construction practices, particularly while defining doses for explosives; consulting of experienced experts mandatory. Small iterative blasting at shorter distances instead of few massive loads. Application of good engineering and construction practice, particularly while preparing for explosion, i.e. securing wider area, optical and acoustical warning signs. Provision of personal protective equipments (PPEs) to all the workers. Provision of medical service to the workers. Elaboration of contingency plan, including the stand-by of first aid equipment and heavy dozers. Aesthetics of the area maybe improved by plantation. For each tree cut will be replaced by 5 trees.
Approximate Location blasting sites
Timeframe construction phase
consultant/envi ronmental officer/resident engineer Contractor Supervision consultant/envi ronmental officer/resident engineer
Use of explosives for blasting/hill cuts
Safety hazards to workers, and passers-by; uncontrolled triggering with accident consequences
At prospective blasting sites
Flora
There is tree cutting involved for the execution of the project
At prospective sites
Contractor
Forest office in coordination with DD Environment, Social and Land) NHA/ Supervision consultant in corporation with Union Councils and local NGOs
Local Communities
Migrant construction workers inevitably cause social unease and active dispute with the local community due to cultural differences. This is particularly a very crucial issue in the Project Area. In addition the involvement of migrant workers in the project activity will reduce the employment opportunity for the locals. Construction activity at site will also cause disturbances to the already existing business (through small in number) along the project area movements.
Migrant worker camps sites will be located at approximately 500 m away from local settlements and sensitivity towards local customs and traditions will be encouraged; good relations with the local communities will be promoted by encouraging skilled and unskilled employment to natives proper compensations for the losses of business owners will be provided and alternate paths for the routine movement of the pedestrians will be developed.
All along the project corridor
Contractor
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Activities and Actions Surplus of hill cut rocks
Environmental Issues Surplus hill cut rocks, can block or alter waterways and contribute to gully erosion
Mitigation Measures Contractor needs submit a plan or using and/or proper disposal of surplus material in a way to prevent contamination and blockage of this excess waters as well as dumping of this excess materials in river valleys or in designated forest areas Diversion roads in built-up areas will be established and scheduled to minimize traffic congestion. Diversion roads will be black-toped to prevent excessive dust development All temporary service and access road will be regularly water-sprayed to minimize the dust generation: Schedules will be adjusted to actual needs. Air quality parameters will be monitored at determined sties and schedule determined by the Supervision consultant. Ensure precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from hot mix plant, crushers and batching plants will be taken up, e.g. providing them, as applicable, with protection canvasses and dust extraction units. Mixing equipment will be well sealed and equipped as per existing standards. Water will be sprayed in the lime/cement and earth mixing sites. Work safety measures like dust masks shall be taken by the contractor to insure no health risks for operators. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered to reduce spills on existing road. Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out in accordance to the Environmental Monitoring Plan;
Approximate Location At prospective blasting sites
Timeframe All to be borne by Contractor
Contractor
Supervision Consultant/ /Resident Engineer
Vehicular movement and machineries
Emission from construction vehicles and machinery, causing public health risks, nuisance and other impacts on the bio-physical environment
All diversions in populated areas
Contractor
construction machinery
Dust generation form construction machineries causing health risks to operating workers, impact on bio-physical environment
At sites of hot mix plant
Contractor
Transportation of materials, and other construction activities that create dust and emission
Dust and emissions form machineries causing health risks to operators; impacts on the bio-physical environment
Construction sites near the major settlements
During Construction
Contractor
35
Mitigation Measures Once the monitored parameters are above the prescribed NEQS limits suitable control measures must be taken.
Timeframe
Running of construction machinery
Noise from vehicles, asphalt plants and equipment
The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to noise standards specified in the NEQS. Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted, as applicable, with silencers and properly maintained. In urban areas construction activities will be restricted to be carried out between 6 a.m. and 20 p.m. Hedges as noise barriers in sensitive areas (in front of schools, hospitals, ambulances, mosques). Public hearings to discuss appropriate solutions and materials to control noise (e.g. mud or brick walls, bushes, etc.) In accordance with Environmental Monitoring Plan noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Ensure safety code for work staff is observed ensuring the provision and wearing of safety equipment required for specific, works, e.g. helmets, dust masks, ear muffs, safety goggles, etc. At every construction site, a readily available and updated first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials and a staff with basic medical knowledge will be provided. Elaborating of a contingency planning in case of major accidents. Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out of no-working persons, particularly
A hot mix plant, batching plant & Construction sites Built-up areas Monitoring at selected towns and villages
During construction Period
Contractor
Risks associated with construction activities
Accident and health risks
At all project work sites
During construction Period
Contractor
Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer)
36
Mitigation Measures children, off work sites. Adequate signage, lighting devices, barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access roads. Road safety education will be divulged to drivers operating construction vehicles
Timeframe
Cultural differences between contractor and locals
Local residents may resist contractors attitudes; Cultural clashes particularly when international contractors are engaged
Timely and full public consultation and announcement of mobilizing equipment. Establishment of formal links with affected communities. Plan for social grievance redress mechanisms including the Nazem and community leaders. Seek assistance from and cooperation with local NGOs/CBOs. Familiarize outside labourrs on local etiquettes (e.g. chadar and purdah). Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an agreed ratio (> 75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works. Contractors should primarily seek their own sources of water in due distance from local users wells.
Entire project area
Contractor, in close consultation with Local Authorities
Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer)/ Resident Engineer
Conflicts arising due to the mix of local & migratory job seekers Use of local resources and products
Social disturbance and dissatisfaction with employing outsiders
Town areas
From early construction period until operation commences Throughout construction period
BPG Police NGOs /CBOs
Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer) Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer)
Competition for natural resources e.g. with framers livestock raisers and nomads for range lands
At labours camp sites
Contractor
OPERATION PHASE
Water And Soils Drainage of runoff from roads into water bodies Water pollution from storm waters containing hazardous substances Water quality monitoring will be carried out during operation phase at schedule approved by the Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer). If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures will be taken. Throughout project area, At schedule defined in the monitoring plan Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer) together with approved laboratory. NHA/Environ ment Department
37
Activities and Actions Vehicular movement
Environmental Issues Contamination from spills due to traffic and accidents Emission form vehicular traffic causing public health risks, nuisance and other impacts on the bio-physical environment
Mitigation Measures The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately and disposed off properly. Roadside tree plantations as applicable and feasible under harsh climatic conditions; plants should be selected in accordance to their suitability to the climate and ability to absorb emissions. Regular road maintenance to ensure good surface condition. Speed limits at sensitive locations. Monitoring air quality at defined schedule Regular vehicle check to control/ensure compliance with NEQS. Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules violators. Noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the NHA/Environment Department to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures, e.g. speed limits and noise control plantations at sensitive spots especially near the communities at junction of Fort Munro road and Sakhi Sarwar road. According to monitoring results, additional sound barriers in form of tress and hedges will be discussed with the affected public and planted if agreed Signs for sensitive zones (educational institutions/mosques etc.) will to disallow the use of pressure horns; Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules violators Provision of proper safety signage.
Approximate Location Throughout project area All along the project area
Timeframe As incident happening Schedule as per NHA roadside plantation scheme
NHA
NHA/Environ ment Department NHA/Environ ment Department
Vehicular movement
NHA/Environ ment Department
Vehicular movement
Traffic related noise pollution and vibrations from engines, tires and use of (pressure) horns
Monitoring at junction of Fort Munro road and Sakhi Sarwar road.
As needed
Fauna and Flora Vehicular movement Accidents with wildlife In vicinity at During Supervision NHA
38
Mitigation Measures Setting up speed limits Proper lighting arrangements at hotels/stops and nearby communities. Display of signboards alerting drivers, attention on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters.
Approximate Location junction of Fort Munro road and Sakhi Sarwar road.
Timeframe operation phase
Consultant (Environmental officer)
Fast access to sensitive areas
Poaching on wildlife, disturbance of fragile ecosystem
Display of signboards explaining wildlife and other ecological values Patrolling and enforcement.
In vicinity at junction of Fort Munro road and Sakhi Sarwar road and other areas as needed. At potential locations all along the project corridor
During operation phase
Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer)
NHA
Geology and topography Erosion/Rock fall/Landslide cause road blockage, accidents Rock fall/debris fall will be removed and dumped in suitable place. During operation phase Supervision Consultant (Environmental officer) NHA
39
Appendices:
Appendix 1: Project Site Views Appendix 2: Screening Format, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration Appendix 3: Checklist for Road sector 44 48 41
40
Appendix 1: Project Site Views
Existing road, without erosion control measures.
Seasonal stream flowing in the project area.
Sharp curves in the existing road.
Survey points marked along the road side.
41
Environment Study Report Sharp curves in the existing road.
Proposed road alignment will pass through a bridge at RB 32.
Experts getting field data.
The building near the bridge will come under the proposed alignment.
42
The building near the road will come under the proposed alignment.
Agriculture field near road will come under the proposed alignment.
Some part of the existing Multan Electric Power Company-33 KV grid station (gate and ) will come under new alignment of road.
Hotels/ shops on the main road will come under proposed alignment of road.
43
Proposed alignment of road will pass over the drain through bridge at RP 32.
Near RP 32 a ziarat and mosque near the way of new alignment.
End point of the proposed alignment -Bewata at the border of Baluchistan.
Agriculture fields in Bewata.
44
Appendix 2: Screening Format, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Consideration
Name of Proposed Project:
CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OF DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJBEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT NATIONAL HIGH AUTHORITY (NHA)
Project Executing Organization, Project Proponent or Investment Company:
Check Items
Please write to be advised (TBA) when the details of a project are yet to be determined. Question 1: Address of project site
Section of N-70 Highway (33.84 KM) From Rakhi Gaaj to Bewata in D.G Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan
Question 2: Scale and contents of the project (approximate area, facilities area, production, electricity generated, etc.) 2-1. Project profile (scale and contents)
The existing road is highly deteriorated at some sections. It is problematic due to its rocky terrain, has many sharp cuts, road is also broken at several places, stones and mud slides/falls at some spots due to improper erosion/land sliding control measures. This deterioration is mainly due to poor maintenance rendering it inadequate to accommodate the heavy traffic. The present road geometry is very dangerous due to narrow, sharp turns and steep gradients and thus demanded improvement. The project focuses on widening of road, improvement of alignment, improvement of surface conditions, and construction of bridges and culverts. The prime objective of the project is to facilitate the movement of the people and goods in the area and in different parts of the country by providing inter-provincial road access and enhancement in the efficiency of the existing road network. After the up-gradation of the existing road, the dangerous sharp curves will be removed and it will facilitate the travelling and lessen the time span. The economic and commercial activities will also promote as it will provide shortest possible route.
2-2. How was the necessity of the project confirmed? Is the project consistent with the higher program/policy?
YES: Please describe the higher program/policy. The Development Plan targeting the year 2023 under its Medium-term Development Plan
45
gives priority to public investment in the field of communication and safety besides other areas. The three areas listed in the road sector development plan includes facilitation of road network to strengthen trade and transportation in the region, expansion of existing roads, and improvement of maintenance and safety.
NO 2-3. Did the proponent consider alternatives before this request? YES: Please describe outline of the alternatives
The chapter 5 of the EIA report describes project alternatives. It explores options from no project to alternate transport models to alternate routes to improvement of existing road.
NO 2-4. Did the proponent implement meetings with the related stakeholders before this request? Implemented Not implemented If implemented, please mark the following stakeholders. Administrative body Local residents NGO Others (Shop owners, hotel owners, motorized and non-motorized transporters Question 3: Is the project a new one or an ongoing one? In the case of an ongoing project, have you received strong complaints or other comments from local residents? New Ongoing (with complaints) Ongoing (without complaints) Other Question 4: Is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), including an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required for the project according to a law or guidelines of a host country? If yes, is EIA implemented or planned? If necessary, please fill in the reason why EIA is required.
Necessity ( Implemented
(Reason why EIA is required: )
Ongoing/planning)
Under Section 12 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 the project proponent is required to submit during the planning stage of the project an environment assessment report of the proposed project to relevant EPA for approval. Based on the project activities, the Pak EPA Review of EIA/IEE Regulation 2000 placed the project under Schedule-II, requiring submission of detail EIA document.
Not necessary Other (please explain) Question 5: In the case that steps were taken for an EIA, was the EIA approved by the relevant
46
laws of the host country? If yes, please note the date of approval and the competent authority. Approved without a Approved with a Under appraisal supplementary condition supplementary condition (Date of approval: 28 March 2007 Competent authority: EPA Punjab ) Under implementation Appraisal process not yet started Other ( ) Question 6: If the project requires a certificate regarding the environment and society other than an EIA, please indicate the title of said certificate. Was it approved? Already certified Title of the certificate: ( ) Requires a certificate but not yet approved
Not required
Other Question 7:Are any of the following areas present either inside or surrounding the project site? Yes
No
If yes, please mark the corresponding items. National parks, protection areas designated by the government (coastline, wetlands, reserved area for ethnic or indigenous people, cultural heritage) Primeval forests, tropical natural forests Ecologically important habitats (coral reefs, mangrove wetlands, tidal flats, etc.) Habitats of endangered species for which protection is required under local laws and/or international treaties Areas that run the risk of a large scale increase in soil salinity or soil erosion Remarkable desertification areas Areas with special values from an archaeological, historical, and/or cultural points of view Habitats of minorities, indigenous people, or nomadic people with a traditional lifestyle, or areas with special social value Question 8: Does the project include any of the following items?
Yes
No (scale: households: only 2 persons)
If yes, please mark the appropriate items.
Involuntary resettlement
Groundwater pumping (scale: m3/year)
Land reclamation, land development, and/or land-clearing (scale: 421,675 sq m)

Logging Question 9: (scale: hectors)
47
Please mark related adverse environmental and social impacts, and describe their outlines.
Air pollution
Water pollution Soil pollution
Local economies, such as employment, livelihood, etc. Land use and utilization of local resources Social institutions such as social infrastructure and local decision-making institutions Existing social infrastructures and services Poor, indigenous, or ethnic people Misdistribution of benefits and damages Local conflicts of interest Gender Childrens rights Cultural heritage Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS Other ( )
Waste Noise and vibrations

Ground subsidence Offensive odors Geographical features Bottom sediment Biota and ecosystems
Water usage
Accidents Global warming
Involuntary resettlement
Outline of related impact:
The likely impacts of the project have been thoroughly reviewed during the EIA study and necessary mitigation measures were identified to redress them. The Environmental Study Reports provides an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be implemented during the project implementation to ensure compliance with the identified mitigation measures.
Question 10: In the case of a loan project such as a two-step loan or a sector loan, can sub-projects be specified at the present time? Yes
No
Question 11:Regarding information disclosure and meetings with stakeholders, if JICAs environmental and social considerations are required, does the proponent agree to information disclosure and meetings with stakeholders through these guidelines?
Yes
No
48
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan for N70
Appendix 3: Checklist for Road sector

Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Have EIA reports been officially completed? Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host countrys government? Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions are imposed on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions satisfied? In addition to the above approvals, have other required environmental permits been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the host countrys government? Are contents of the project and the potential impacts adequately explained to the public based on appropriate procedures, including information disclosure? Is understanding obtained from the public? Are proper responses made to comments from the public and regulatory authorities? Is there a possibility that air pollutants emitted from various sources, such as vehicle traffic will affect ambient air quality? Does ambient air quality comply with the countrys ambient air quality standards? Where industrial areas already exist near the route, is there a possibility that the project will make air pollution worse? Is there a possibility that soil runoff from the bare lands resulting from earthmoving activities, such as cutting and filling will cause water quality degradation in downstream water areas? Is there a possibility that surface runoff from roads will contaminate water sources, such as groundwater? Do effluents from various facilities, such as stations and parking areas/service areas comply with the countrys effluent standards and ambient water quality standards? Is there a possibility that the effluents will cause areas that do not comply with the countrys ambient water quality standards? Do noise and vibrations from vehicle and train traffic comply with the countrys standards? Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the countrys laws or international treaties and conventions? Is there a possibility that the project will affect the protected areas? Confirmation of Environmental Considerations 1. Yes 2. Yes, approved by EPA Punjab 3. Yes, conditions are imposed by EPA Punjab and are satisfied. Mostly require compliance with EMP. 4. Not required.
(1) EIA and Environmental Permits 1 Permits and Explanation
(2) Explanation to the Public
(1) Air Quality
1. Yes. Public consultations were held during the preparation of EIA study and Public Hearing was held at EPA during the review/approval process. 2. Yes, comments of public were properly endorsed in a separate chapter in EIA report. 1. The ambient air quality will improve due to improvement of road alignment and surface conditions. Ambient air quality standards were not notified at the time of EIA study. 2. No industrial area exists. 1. No such possibility exist.
2 Mitigation Measures (2) Water Quality
2. No possibility 3. No standard applicable for parking area effluent and ambient water quality standards. Wastewater from domestic or commercial activities are required to comply with national environmental quality standards (NEQS)
(3) Noise and Vibration 3 Natural Environment (1) Protected Areas
Yes No
(2) Ecosystem
3 Natural Environment
Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal flats)? Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of endangered species designated by the countrys laws or international treaties and conventions? If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are adequate protection measures taken to reduce the impacts on the ecosystem? Are adequate protection measures taken to prevent impacts, such as disruption of migration routes, habitat fragmentation, and traffic accident of wildlife and livestock? Is there a possibility that installation of roads will cause impacts, such as destruction of forest, poaching, desertification, reduction in wetland areas, and disturbance of ecosystems due to introduction of exotic (non-native invasive) species and pests? Are adequate measures for preventing such impacts considered? In cases where the project site is located at undeveloped areas, is there a possibility that the new development will result in extensive loss of natural environments? Is there a possibility that alteration of topographic features and installation of structures, such as tunnels will adversely affect surface water and groundwater flows? Is there a soft ground on the route that may cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides, where needed? Is there a possibility that civil works, such as cutting and filling will cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope failures or landslides? Is there a possibility that soil runoff will result from cut and fill areas, waste soil disposal sites, and borrow sites? Are adequate measures taken to prevent soil runoff? Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? If involuntary resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts caused by the resettlement? Is adequate explanation on relocation and compensation given to affected persons prior to resettlement? Is the resettlement plan, including proper compensation, restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based on socioeconomic studies on resettlement? Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to vulnerable groups or persons, including women, children, the elderly, people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities, and indigenous peoples? Are agreements with the affected persons obtained prior to resettlement? Is the organizational framework established to properly implement resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to implement the plan? Is a plan developed to monitor the impacts of
1. No
2. No
3. No required 4. No applicable
5. No such possibility exist
6. No such possibility exists.
However, all new developments would be required to conduct an EIA study under the law.
No such possibility exists.
(3) Hydrology
1. Yes. Adequate measures have been taken to address the landslide and slope failures in project design. 2. Yes. Adequate measure have been identified in project design. 3. No such possibility exists.
(4) Topography and Geology
4 Social Environment
(1) Resettlement
1. Only 2 structures will be affected.
2. Yes, during EIA preparation
public consultation were held with the local community.
3. Resettlement plan framework has been developed in the Environment Study Report to address the compensation and restoration issues. 4. Yes.
5. Will be done on execution of resettlement plan. 6. NHA has proper section and legislation to address resettlement.
resettlement?
7. Will be addressed in resettlement plan
(2) Living and Livelihood
Where roads or railways are newly installed, is there a possibility that the project will affect the existing means of transportation and the associated workers? Is there a possibility that the project will cause significant impacts, such as extensive alteration of existing land uses, changes in sources of livelihood, or unemployment? Are adequate measures considered for preventing these impacts? Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the living conditions of inhabitants other than the affected inhabitants? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the impacts, if necessary? Is there a possibility that diseases, including communicable diseases, such as HIV will be introduced due to immigration of workers associated with the project? Are adequate considerations given to public health, if necessary? Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect road traffic in the surrounding areas (e.g., by causing increases in traffic congestion and traffic accidents)? Is there a possibility that roads and railways will cause impede the movement of inhabitants? Is there a possibility that structures associated with roads (such as bridges) will cause a sun shading and radio interference? Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local archeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage sites? Are adequate measures considered to protect these sites in accordance with the countrys laws? Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the local landscape? Are necessary measures taken? Where ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples are living in the rights-of-way, are considerations given to reduce the impacts on culture and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples? Does the project comply with the countrys laws for rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples? Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during construction (e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and wastes)? If construction activities adversely affect the natural environment (ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts? If construction activities adversely affect the social environment, are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts? If necessary, is health and safety education (e.g., traffic safety, public health) provided for project personnel, including workers?
1. No such significant impacts

identified in EIA study.
2. The project will have no adverse affect on the livelihood of the local inhabitants. In fact, the project has been designed to enhance the livelihood of the people. 3. Yes, the issue has been addressed in the EMP
4. No. Traffic study has been done to review the impacts on traffic on adjoining roads. 5. No such possibility. 6. No such possibility. No such possibility.
(3) Heritage
(4) Landscape
No such possibility. In fact the landscape of the project area will enhance. 1. No ethnic minorities or indigenous people live in project area.
4 Social Environment
(5) Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
2. No required.
5 Others
(1) Impacts during Construction
1. All construction related affects
were properly examined and addressed in the EMP of construction phase with roles and responsibilities well defined.
2. No applicable 3. Yes. 4. Trained and experienced contractors will be engaged.
(2) Monitoring
Does the proponent develop and implement monitoring program for the environmental items that are considered to have potential impacts? Are the items, methods and frequencies included in the monitoring program judged to be appropriate? Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring framework (organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate budget to sustain the monitoring framework)? Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring report system identified, such as the format and frequency of reports from the proponent to the regulatory authorities? Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Forestry Projects checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including large areas of deforestation). Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Power Transmission and Distribution Lines checklist should also be checked (e.g., projects including installation of power transmission lines and/or electric distribution facilities). If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues should be confirmed, if necessary (e.g., the project includes factors that may cause problems, such as transboundary waste treatment, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or global warming).
1. Yes, monitoring plan included in EMP. 2. Yes.
3. Yes.
4. Yes.
1. Not applicable.
Reference to Checklist of Other Sectors 6 Note
2. Not applicable.
Note on Using Environmental Checklist
No trans-boundary impact of project identified.
1) Regarding the term Countrys Standards mentioned in the above table, in the event that environmental standards in the country where the project is located diverge significantly from international standards, appropriate environmental considerations are made, if necessary. In cases where local environmental regulations are yet to be established in some areas, considerations should be made based on comparisons with appropriate standards of other countries (including Japan' experience). 2) Environmental checklist provides general environmental items to be checked. It may be necessary to add or delete an item taking into account the characteristics of the project and the particular circumstances of the country and locality in which it is located.

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NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

ENVIRONMENT STUDY REPORT

CTII-OC-EA-EE JOINT VENTURE

EA Consulting Pvt. Ltd. Ltd.

Exponent Engineers (Pvt.)

Environment Study Repot

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

2. Project Description ..............................................4

3.4. Review of Impacts and Mitigation Measures..............12

Environment Study Repot

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

3.5. Review of JICA Guidelines..........................................16

4. Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework..........20

5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan. 23

5.5. Environmental Monitoring.........................................26

5.6. Environmental Management Plan..............................28

Environment Study Repot

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

1.2. Review of EIA Study

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

1.3. Preparation of Environmental Study Report

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Figure 11: Project Road Map

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

2.2. Typical Cross Sections

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-1 EARTH WORK SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -2 MASONRY WALL SECTION

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-3 REINFORCED EARTH SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-4 PRE-FABRICATED STEEL WIDENING SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -5 BRIDGE SECTION

Figure 2-1: Typical Cross-sections

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Table 2-1: Summary of Typical Cross-section

Type-5 Bridge (Concrete & Steel) Total

2.3. Major Work Items of the Project

2.4. Land Acquisition and Affected Structures

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

5,382 16,092 213,394 436,062

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Commercial Area Housing Area Open Lot

2,279 6,240 4,047

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

3.2. Field Condition

3.3. Review of EIA Study

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

1) Geology and Soil

Environment Study Report

Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Table 3-6: Climate Data for Multan.

Source: World Meteorological Organization, 2010.

Environment Study Report