Question Bank No.

01
Short Answer Type Questions:Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 How is the fluid energy converted to the mechanical energy by using the principle of impulse momentum theorem? What is the difference between the force of jet when it impinges on a single moving flat plate and series of moving plates Find the efficiency of the system when the jet strikes tangentially on a series of radial curved vanes. Derive the condition for hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton wheel to be maximum. Show that when a jet of water impinges on a series of curved vanes, max. Efficiency is obtained when the vane is semi circular in section and velocity of vane is half that of jet. Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on the fixed inclined flat plate. Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on the center of the fixed curved plate. A jet strikes tangentially a smooth curved vane' moving in the same direction as the jet, and the jet gets reversed in the direction. Show that the maximum efficiency is slightly less than 60 percent. Q 9. _________ is a device which increases the velocity of the fluid and decreases the pressure energy of the fluid.

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q 10. F.dt = M.dV is called _______________ Q 11. Force exerted by the jet on fixed flat plate is ______________ Q 12. Force exerted by the jet on moving inclined plate is ______________ Q 13. Pelton Turbine is an Impulse/ Reaction Turbine. Q 14. Vane angle of Pelton Turbine at outlet is ______________ Q 15. What are the various efficiencies of Pelton Turbine? Q16 Show that the maximum hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton bucket is 100% Q17 Draw the various types of outlet velocity triangles in case of Pelton wheel turbine.

Q18 Q19

What do you understand from the term specific speed of a turbine and explain its performance. Sketch the bucket of Pelton wheel in two views and indicate its important dimensions in terms of jet diameter. Write short note on governing mechanism for hydraulic turbines. (PTU exam: 2006) List out the various components of Pelton Turbine, giving their construction and operation in detail. Derive a relation to find out number of buckets on a Pelton wheel runnel. Obtain an expression for the specific speed of a hydraulic turbine and explain in brief its significance.

Q20 Q21

Q22 Q23

Long Answer Type Questions:Q.01 A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30o with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 90 o to the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that water enters and leaves the vane without shock. Q.02 a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbines? b) A jet of water 'having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is movingwith a velocity of 20m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 90o to direction of motion of vane at outlet. Determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that -the water enters and leaves the vane without shock. (PTU exam: 2005) Q. 03 A 137 mm diameter jet of water issuing from a nozzle impinges on the buckets of a Pelton wheel and jet is deflected through an angle of 165o by the buckets. The head available at the nozzle is 400 m. assuming coefficient of velocity as 0.97, speed ratio as 0.46, and reduction in relative velocity while passing through the buckets as 15%. Find: a) The force exerted by jet on buckets in tangential direction.

b)

Power developed.

Q.04 A Jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s impinges on series of vanes moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The Jet makes an angle of 30o to the direction of motion of the vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 120o. Draw the triangles of velocities for inlet and outlet and find (i) the angles of vane tips (ii) the work done per Newton of flowing water and (iii) Efficiency. (PTU exam: 2006) Q 05 Nozzle of 50 mm diameter delivers a stream of water that strikes a flat plate, which is held normal to the axis of stream. If the issuing jet has a velocity of 18 m/s, make calculations for the: i) Force exerted on the plate if stationary. ii) Force exerted on the plate, work done per second and the jet efficiency if the plate moves in the direction of jet at 6m/s. iii) Work done if the plate is replaced by a series of plates moving with a velocity of 6m/s. Q 06 A jet of water having a velocity of 35 m/s impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 20m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30o to the direction of motion of vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 120o. Draw the velocity triangles and find a) The angle of vane tips so that water enters and leaves without shock. b) work done per kg of water entering the vanes and c) Efficiency. Q 07 Show that in case of jet impingement upon a stationary flat plate the ratio of two discharges at Q1 1 + cos = outlet i.e.. Q2 1 cos Q 08 A jet of water having a velocity of 36 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel, which is rotating at 240 rpm. The jet makes an angle of 20 0 with the tangent to the wheel at Inlet and leaves the wheel with the velocity of 6 m/s at an angle of 1300 to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing outward in a radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 500 mm and 250mm respectively. Determine 1. Vane angles at inlet and outlet 2. Work done per second per N of water 3. Efficiency of the Wheel Q 09 A stream of water issues from a 50 mm diameter nozzle with a velocity of 18 m/s and impinges on a series of vanes. The vanes are so arranged that each vane appears successively before the jet in each position and always moves with a velocity of 6

m/s. Determine the work done and efficiency of the jet system.

Q10

A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 8 m/s. the jet makes an angle of 30 with the direction of motion of vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 150 with the direction of motion. Sketch the velocity triangles and calculate (i) vane angle at inlet and outlet (ii) work done when the vane is discharging 300 litres/second. Take friction coefficient k=0.9 The following data relate to a Pelton wheel: Head = 72 M; speed of:, wheel = 240 r.p.m., shaft power of the wheel = 115 kW, speed ratio = 0.45, coefficient velocity 9:98, overall efficiency =' 85%. Design the Pelton Wheel(PTU exam: 2005)

Q11

Q12

A Pelton wheel with Nozzle, for which the coefficient of velocity is 0.97, is 400 m below the water surface of a lake. The jet diameter is 80 mm, the pipe diameter is 0.6
2 m, its length is 4km and coefficient of friction f = 0.032 in formula h f = flv . The

2 gd

buckets deflect the jet through 165o and they run at 0.48 jet speed, bucket friction reducing the relative velocity at outlet by 15% of the relative velocity t inlet. If mechanical efficiency of turbine is 90%, determine the flow rate and shaft horse power developed by the turbine. Q13 The following data relates to a Pelton Turbine that generates 4000 KW under a net head of 300 m. Speed ratio = 0.45; Coefficient of velocity for nozzle = 0.97 jet ratio = 12; angle of jet deflection = 165o; overall efficiency = 86% and friction losses of buckets = 10%. Determine (a) diameter of jet; (b) mean diameter of runner; (c) force exerted by jet on buckets; (d) synchronous speed. A Pelton Wheel to be designed for the following specifications: Power = 735 KW S.P., Head = 200 m, Speed = 800 rpm, n0 = 0.86 and jet diameter not to exceed onetenth wheel diameter. Determine (i) Wheel diameter, (ii) The number of Jets required and (iii) Diameter of the jet. Take C6 = 0.98 and Speed Ratio = 0.45. (PTU exam:

Q14

2006) Q15 A Pelton wheel working under a head of 800 m develops 13230 kW running at 600 rpm with an overall efficiency of 85 %. The ratio of jet diameter to wheel diameter is 1/ 15, the coefficient of velocity for the nozzle is 0.97 and the speed ratio is 0.46. Make calculations for the rate of flow, diameter of wheel and number of jets.

Q16

A double jet Pelton which is required to develop 5400 kW has a specific speed of 20 and is supplied through a pipeline 750 m long from a reservoir; the level of water is 350 m above the nozzles. Allowing a loss of 5% due to friction in pipeline, workout (a) rotational speed of the wheel (b) mean diameter of the bucket circle (c) diameter of jets and (d) diameter of the supply pipeline. Assume Kv for the jets is 0.97; bucket speed is 0.46 times the jet velocity, overall efficiency of the wheel is 85% and friction coefficient 4f = 0.024 is the Darcy equation hf = 4flv2 / 2gd A Pelton wheel having a mean bucket diameter of 1.2m is running at 1000 rpm. The net head on the Pelton wheel is 840 m. If the side clearance angle is 15 and discharge through the nozzle is 0.12 m3/s. Determine Power available at the nozzle 2. Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine

Q17 1.