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Generic name Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Tobramycin Paromomycin Geldanamycin Herbimycin Loracarbef Ertapenem Doripenem Imipenem/Cilastatin

Brand names Amikin Garamycin Kantrex Mycifradin Netromycin Nebcin Humatin

Antibiotics by class Common uses[2] Possible side effects[2] Aminoglycosides Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and tularemia. Ansamycins Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics Carbacephem

Mechanism of action

Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyltRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also Vertigo causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the Kidney damage bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Hearing loss

Lorabid Invanz Doribax Primaxin

Discontinued Carbapenems Bactericidal for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broadspectrum antibacterial coverage. (Note MRSA resistance to this class.) Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Seizures Headache Rash and allergic reactions

prevents bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Meropenem

Merrem

Cephalosporins (First generation) Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cefalotin or Cefalothin Duricef Ancef (discontinued) Keflin (discontinued) Keflex Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Good coverage against Gram positive infections.

Cefalexin

Cefaclor Cefamandole

Raniclor Mandol (discontinued)

Cephalosporins (Second generation) Less gram positive cover, improved Same mode of action as other beta-lactam Gastrointestinal antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the gram negative cover. upset and peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime

Mefoxin (discontinued) Cefzil Ceftin, Zinnat (UK) diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken Cephalosporins (Third generation)

Cefixime Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone

Suprax Omnicef, Cefdiel Gastrointestinal Spectracef upset and Cefobid diarrhea (discontinued) Improved coverage of Gram negative Same mode of action as other beta-lactam Claforan Nausea (if organisms, except Pseudomonas. antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the alcohol taken Vantin Reduced Gram positive cover. peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. concurrently) Fortaz Cedax Allergic reactions Cefizox (discontinued) Rocephin Cephalosporins (Fourth generation) Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Cefepime

Maxipime

Covers pseudomonal infections.

Cephalosporins (Fifth generation) Ceftaroline fosamil Teflaro Used to treat MRSA Gastrointestinal Same mode of action as other beta-lactam upset and antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the diarrhea peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Allergic reaction Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Ceftobiprole

Zeftera

Used to treat MRSA

Glycopeptides Teicoplanin Vancomycin Telavancin Clindamycin Lincomycin Targocid (UK) Vancocin Vibativ Cleocin Lincocin

inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis Lincosamides Serious staph-, pneumo-, and streptococcal infections in penicillin- Possible C. difficile-related Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomal allergic patients, also anaerobic pseudomembranous RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis infections; clindamycin topically for enterocolitis acne Lipopeptide Bind to the membrane and cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of membrane Gram-positive organisms potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis Macrolides Streptococcal infections, syphilis, inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by Nausea, upper respiratory tract infections, binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the vomiting, and bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting lower respiratory tract infections,

Daptomycin

Cubicin

Azithromycin

Zithromax, Sumamed, Zitrocin

Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Roxithromycin Troleandomycin Telithromycin Spectinomycin

Biaxin Dynabac (discontinued) Erythocin, Erythroped Tao (discontinued) Ketek Trobicin

diarrhea (especially at higher doses) mycoplasmal infections, Lyme disease Prolonged QT interval (especially erythromycin) Jaundice

translocation of peptidyl tRNA.

Pneumonia Gonorrhea Monobactams

Visual Disturbance, Liver Toxicity.[3]

Aztreonam

Azactam Nitrofurans Bacterial or protozoal diarrhea or enteritis Urinary tract infections Penicillins

Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Furazolidone Nitrofurantoin

Furoxone Macrodantin, Macrobid Novamox, Amoxil Principen (discontinued)

Amoxicillin Ampicillin Azlocillin Carbenicillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin Mezlocillin Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Penicillin G Penicillin V Piperacillin Penicillin G Temocillin Ticarcillin Amoxicillin/clavulanate Ampicillin/sulbactam Piperacillin/tazobactam Ticarcillin/clavulanate Bacitracin

Geocillin (discontinued) Tegopen (discontinued) Dynapen (discontinued) Gastrointestinal Floxapen (Sold to upset and European generics diarrhea Actavis Group) Allergy with Mezlin Wide range of infections; penicillin serious (discontinued) used for streptococcal infections, anaphylactic syphilis, and Lyme disease Staphcillin reactions (discontinued) Brain and Unipen kidney damage (discontinued) (rare) Prostaphlin (discontinued) Pentids (discontinued) Veetids (Pen-VeeK) (discontinued) Pipracil (discontinued) Pfizerpen Negaban (UK) (discontinued) Ticar (discontinued) Penicillin combinations Augmentin Unasyn Zosyn Timentin Polypeptides Eye, ear or bladder infections; Kidney and nerve damage usually applied directly to the eye or (when given by injection) inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection, although the use of

Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

The second component prevents bacterial resistance to the first component

Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule that carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane [4]

Colistin

Coly-Mycin-S intravenous colistin is experiencing a resurgence due to the emergence of multi drug resistant organisms. Quinolones

Polymyxin B

Interact with the gram negative bacterial outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane. It displaces bacterial counter ions, which destabilizes the outer membrane. They act like a detergent against the cytoplasmic membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution.

Ciprofloxacin Enoxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin Lomefloxacin Moxifloxacin Nalidixic acid Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Trovafloxacin Grepafloxacin Sparfloxacin Temafloxacin Mafenide Sulfonamidochrysoidine (archaic) Sulfacetamide Sulfadiazine Silver sulfadiazine Sulfamethizole Sulfamethoxazole Sulfanilimide (archaic) Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole Trimethoprim TrimethoprimSulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) (TMP-SMX) Demeclocycline Doxycycline Minocycline Oxytetracycline

Cipro, Ciproxin, Ciprobay Penetrex Tequin Levaquin Maxaquin Avelox NegGram Noroxin Floxin, Ocuflox Trovan Raxar Zagam Omniflox Sulfamylon Prontosil Sulamyd, Bleph10 Micro-Sulfon Silvadene Thiosulfil Forte Gantanol Azulfidine Gantrisin Proloprim, Trimpex Bactrim, Septra

Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial diarrhea, mycoplasmal infections, gonorrhea

Nausea (rare), irreversible inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or the damage to central nervous topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting system (uncommon), DNA replication and transcription. tendinosis (rare)

Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn Sulfonamides Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Folate synthesis inhibition. They are Allergy competitive inhibitors of the enzyme (including skin dihydropteroate synthetase, DHPS. DHPS rashes) catalyses the conversion of PABA (paraCrystals in urine aminobenzoate) to dihydropteroate, a key step in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for the Kidney failure cell to synthesize nucleic acids (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of DNA and Decrease in RNA), and in its absence cells will be unable to white blood cell divide. count Sensitivity to sunlight

Urinary tract infections (except sulfacetamide, used for eye infections, and mafenide and silver sulfadiazine, used topically for burns)

Tetracyclines Declomycin Vibramycin Minocin Terramycin Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, acne rickettsial infections, *malaria *Note: Malaria is caused by a protist and not a bacterium. Gastrointestinal upset Sensitivity to sunlight Potential toxicity to mother and fetus inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to during the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so pregnancy mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex. Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth; potentially permanent) transient depression of bone growth

Tetracycline

Sumycin, Achromycin V, Steclin

Drugs against mycobacteria Clofazimine Dapsone Lamprene Avlosulfon Antileprotic Antileprotic

Capreomycin Cycloserine Ethambutol Ethionamide Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampicin (Rifampin in US) Rifabutin Rifapentine Streptomycin Arsphenamine Chloramphenicol Fosfomycin Fusidic acid Linezolid Metronidazole Mupirocin Platensimycin Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Rifaximin Thiamphenicol Tigecycline Tinidazole Generic Name [edit] References

Capastat Seromycin Myambutol Trecator I.N.H. Aldinamide Rifadin, Rimactane Mycobutin Priftin

Antituberculosis Antituberculosis, urinary tract infections Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis mostly Gram-positive and mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium complex Antituberculosis Antituberculosis

Inhibits peptide synthesis

Reddish-orange sweat, tears, and urine rash, discolored urine, GI symptoms

Binds to the subunit of RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription

Salvarsan Chloromycetin Monurol Fucidin Zyvox Flagyl Bactroban Synercid Xifaxan

Neurotoxicity, ototoxicity Others Spirochaetal infections (obsolete) meningitis, MRSA, topical use, or for low cost internal treatment. Rarely: aplastic anemia. Historic: typhus, cholera. gram negative, gram positive, anaerobes Acute cystitis in women VRSA Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria; also amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis Ointment for impetigo, cream for infected cuts Thrombocytopenia

As other aminoglycosides

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome Inactivates enolpyruvyl transferase, thereby blocking cell wall synthesis

Produces toxic free radicals which disrupt DNA Discolored urine, headache, and proteins. This non-specific mechanism is metallic taste, nausea ; responsible for its activity against a variety of alcohol is contraindicated bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa.

Traveler's diarrhea caused by E. coli Gram-negative, Gram-positive, A chloramphenicol analog. May inhibit Lacks known anemic sideanaerobes. widely used in veterinary bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the effects. medicine. 50S subunit of the ribosome upset stomach, bitter taste, and itchiness Possible Side Effects[2]

Tigacyl Tindamax protozoan infections Fasigyn Brand Names Common Uses[2]

Mechanism of action

Allegra ODT Fexofenadine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Fexofenadine is used to treat the symptoms of seasonal allergies (hay fever) in adults and children.

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