Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010

GSK Solvent Selection Guide 2009

Classification
Water

Alcohol

Ester

Ketone

Acid

Aromatic

Hydrocarbon

Ether

Dipolar aprotic

Halogenated

Base
Other

Solvent
click on solvent name for
hyperlink to more detail
Water
2-Ethyl hexanol
Glycerol
Cyclohexanol
Ethylene glycol
1,4-butanediol
Isoamyl alcohol
1,2-propanediol
1,3-propanediol
Benzyl alcohol
2-Pentanol
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
Ethanol IMS
t-Butanol
Methanol
2-Propanol
1-Propanol
2-Methoxyethanol
t-Butyl acetate
n-octyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Ethylene carbonate
Propylene carbonate
Isopropyl acetate
Ethyl lactate
Propyl acetate
Dimethyl carbonate
methyl lactate
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl propionate
Methyl acetate
Ethyl formate
Cyclohexanone
Cyclopentanone
2-Pentanone
3-Pentanone
Methylisobutyl ketone
Acetone
Methylethyl ketone
Propionic acid
acetic anhydride
Acetic acid
Mesitylene
Cumene
p-Xylene
Toluene
Benzene
cis-Decalin
ISOPAR G
Isooctane
Methyl cyclohexane
Cyclohexane
Heptane
Pentane
Methylcyclopentane
2-Methylpentane
Hexane
Petroleum spirit
Di(ethylene glycol)
Ethoxybenzene
Tri(ethylene glycol)
Sulfolane
DEG monobutyl ether
Anisole
Diphenyl ether
Dibutyl ether
t-Amyl methyl ether
t-Butylmethyl ether
Cyclopentyl methyl ether
t-Butyl ethyl ether
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran
Diethyl ether
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether
Dimethyl ether
1,4-Dioxane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2-Dimethoxyethane
Diisopropyl ether
Dimethylpropylene urea
Dimethyl sulphoxide
Formamide
Dimethyl formamide
N-Methylformamide
N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Propanenitrile
Dimethyl acetamide
Acetonitrile
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
trichloroacetonitrile
Chloroacetic acid
trichloroacetic acid
Perfluorotoluene
Perfluorocyclohexane
Carbon tetrachloride
Dichloromethane
Perfluorohexane
Fluorobenzene
Chloroform
Perfluorocyclic ether
Trifluoracetic acid
Trifluorotoluene
1,2-Dichloroethane
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Triethylamine
Pyridine
Nitromethane
carbon disulfide

Cas
number

Melting
point C

Boiling
Point C

Waste

7732-18-5
104-76-7
56-81-5
108-93-0
107-21-1
110-63-4
123-51-3
57-55-6
504-63-2
100-51-6
6032-29-7
71-36-3
78-92-2
64-17-5
75-65-0
67-56-1
67-63-0
71-23-8
109-86-4
540-88-5
112-14-1
123-86-4
96-49-1
108-32-7
108-21-4
97-64-3
109-60-4
616-38-6
547-64-8
141-78-6
105-37-3
79-20-9
109-94-4
108-94-1
120-92-3
107-87-9
96-22-0
108-10-1
67-64-1
78-93-3
79-09-4
108-24-7
64-19-7
108-67-8
98-82-8
106-42-3
108-88-3
71-43-2
493-01-6
64742-48-9
540-84-1
108-87-2
110-82-7
142-82-5
109-66-0
96-37-7
96
37 7
107-83-5
110-54-3
8032-32-4
111-46-6
103-73-1
112-27-6
126-33-0
112-34-5
100-66-3
101-84-8
142-96-1
994-05-8
1634-04-4
5614-37-9
637-92-3
96-47-9
60-29-7
111-96-6
115-10-6
123-91-1
109-99-9
110-71-4
108-20-3
7226-23-5
67-68-5
75-12-7
68-12-2
123-39-7
872-50-4
107-12-0
127-19-5
75-05-8
95-50-1
120-82-1
108-90-7
545-06-2
79-11-8
76-03-9
434-64-0
355-68-0
56-23-5
75-09-2
355-42-0
462-06-6
67-66-3
335-36-4
76-05-1
98-08-8
107-06-2
75-89-8
121-69-7
121-44-8
110-86-1
75-52-5
75-15-0

0
-76
18
25
-13
20
-117
-60
-27
-15
-50
-89
-115
-114
25
-98
-88
-127
-85
-78
-39
-77
36
-55
-73
-23
-92
-1
-66
-84
-74
-98
-80
-32
-51
-78
-42
-84
-95
-87
-21
-73
17
-45
-96
-13
-95
6
-43
-60
-107
-127
7
-91
-130
-142
142
-153
-95
-73
-10
-29
-7
28
-68
-38
27
-95
-80
-109
-140
-74
-137
-116
-68
-141
12
-108
-58
-86
-23
19
3
-61
-4
-24
-93
-20
-45
-17
17
-45
-42
61
58
-66
51
-23
-95
-86
-42
-64
-88
-15
-29
-36
-43
3
-115
-42
-29
-111

100
185
290
161
197
235
131
188
214
205
119
118
100
78
82
65
82
97
124
95
210
126
248
242
89
154
102
91
144
77
99
57
54
155
131
102
102
117
56
80
141
140
118
165
152
138
111
80
196
163
99
101
81
98
36
72
60
69
55
246
170
285
282
231
154
258
140
86
55
106
70
78
35
162
-25
102
65
85
68
247
189
220
153
200
202
97
165
82
180
214
132
83
189
197
104
53
77
40
57
85
61
103
72
102
84
74
194
89
115
101
46

4
9
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
6
9
7
6
6
5
7
5
4
5
4
5
3
4
6
7
5
5
6
3
3
4
5
4
8
7
7
6
5
7
8
6
6
5
6
5
6
5
5
6
6
8
6
5
6
6
8
7
5
4
6
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
7
5
4
4
4
5
3
5
2
7
7
6
5
4
3
5
5
4
3
4
5
3
5
2
5
4
3
7
4
3
3
4

Environmental
Impact
10
5
7
6
8
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
8
9
9
9
7
8
9
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
8
9
8
7
9
6
8
6
6
6
6
9
7
8
8
8
3
5
2
3
6
3
2
4
5
5
3
6
4
4
3
2
8
4
8
9
7
6
5
7
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
3
7
5
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
6
6
6
6
3
5
5
6
4
3
6
2
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
8
6

Health
10
6
8
7
7
8
7
10
9
7
6
5
8
8
6
5
8
5
2
8
5
8
5
5
7
4
8
7
4
8
4
7
5
6
6
6
8
6
8
8
6
4
6
7
6
6
4
1
7
9
8
8
7
8
8
5
7
4
2
7
7
6
6
7
7
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
2
7
4
6
2
8
4
7
2
2
2
3
4
2
6
6
4
4
6
6
6
4
3
3
4
3
6
3
3
6
1
2
2
4
3
4
4
2

Legislation Flag
y
o
r

Substitution recommended - There are no current restrictions but future regulatory restrictions may apply
Substitution recommended - existing regulatory restrictions apply
Must be substituted - A regulatory ban applies

GSK-SSG-2009-01

http://solventguide.gsk.com/

Flammability &
Explosion
10
9
10
9
10
10
9
10
10
10
8
8
7
6
6
5
6
7
7
6
8
8
10
8
6
8
6
6
8
4
6
4
4
8
8
7
7
7
4
4
8
8
8
6
8
5
4
3
6
6
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
9
10
10
10
9
7
8
5
5
3
5
4
3
2
8
1
4
3
4
1
9
9
10
9
10
9
6
10
6
10
9
8
7
10
10
5
5
4
6
5
5
6
7
7
5
6
6
8
4
7
7
1

Reactivity/
Stability
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
7
8
9
9
9
10
10
8
10
6
10
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
10
9
8
6
9
9
9
10
10
6
8
9
8
8
6
7
10
5
10
10
10
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
9
10
9
10
6
6
6
5
9
9
8
9
6
4
4
4
5
4
4
1
7
2
8
9
10
8
9
8
10
9
10
10
10
8
6
10
10
10
9
10
9
9
10
8
9
10
9
8
8
9
2
6

Life
Cycle
Score
10
6
8
8
9
4
6
3
3
6
6
5
6
9
8
9
4
7
7
8
6
5

Legislation
Flag

EHS Red
Flag

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r
0
r
0
0
0
0
r
0
0
r
r
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r
0
0
0
r
r
r
0
r
r
r
0
0
0
r
r
r
0
r
0
r
r
0
0
0
0
r
r
r
r
r
0
r
r
0
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0

0
0

4
8
5
6

0
0
0
0
0

0
0

6
6
4
4
2
7
3
7
6
8
7
7
7
7
7
7

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0

0
0

7
5

0
0
0

4
8
8
4
8
4
6
6
7
6
4
7
9
3
6
8
7
7
4

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
2
2
2
0

2
3
8
8
8

2
0
0
3
0
0

7
7

0
0
0
0

7
7

1
2
3

1
6

0
2
0
0
0

7
7
3
7
2
8

1
0
2
0
2
2
3

GSK Solvent Selection Guide 2009

Classification

Greenest

Alcohols

Ester

Ketone
Organic Acids
Aromatics

Hydrocarbons

Ethers

Dipolar aprotics

Chlorinated

Legislation Flag
y
o
r

Solvent

Water
1-Butanol
2-Butanol
Ethanol/IMS
t-Butanol
Methanol
2-Propanol
1-Propanol
2-Methoxyethanol
t-Butyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate
Propyl acetate
Dimethyl carbonate
Ethyl acetate
Methyl acetate
Methylisobutyl ketone
Acetone
Methylethyl ketone
Propionic acid
Acetic acid (glacial)
p-Xylene
Toluene
Benzene
Isooctane
Cyclohexane
Heptane
2-Methylpentane
Hexane
Petroleum spirit
t-Butyl methyl ether
Cyclopentyl methyl ether
2-Methyl THF
Diethyl ether
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether
1,4-Dioxane
Tetrahydrofuran
1,2-Dimethoxyethane
Diisopropyl ether
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl formamide
N-Methylformamide
N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Dimethyl acetamide
Acetonitrile
Carbon tetrachloride
Dichloromethane
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane

CAS
number
7732-18-5
71-36-3
78-92-2
64-17-5
75-65-0
67-56-1
67-63-0
71-23-8
109-86-4
540-88-5
108-21-4
109-60-4
616-38-6
141-78-6
79-20-9
108-10-1
67-64-1
78-93-3
79-09-4
64-19-7
106-42-3
108-88-3
71-43-2
540-84-1
110-82-7
142-82-5
107-83-5
110-54-3
8032-32-4
8032 32 4
1634-04-4
5614-37-9
96-47-9
60-29-7
111-96-6
123-91-1
109-99-9
110-71-4
108-20-3
67-68-5
68-12-2
123-39-7
872-50-4
127-19-5
75-05-8
56-23-5
75-09-2
67-66-3
107-06-2

Melting
point C
0
-89
-115
-114
25
-98
-88
-127
-85
-78
-73
-92
-1
-84
-98
-84
-95
-87
-21
17
-13
-95
6
-107
7
-91
-153
-95
-73
73
-109
-140
-137
-116
-68
12
-108
-58
-86
19
-61
-4
-24
-20
-45
-23
-95
-64
-36

Health
Environmental
Waste
acute and chronic
Boiling
recycling,
Impact
effects on human
point C incineration, VOC, and fate and effects on the health and exposure
100
118
100
78
82
65
82
97
124
95
89
102
91
77
57
117
56
80
141
118
138
111
80
99
81
98
60
69
55
55
106
78
35
162
102
65
85
68
189
153
200
202
165
82
77
40
61
84

biotreatment issues

environment

potential

4
5
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
6
5
5
4
4
3
6
3
3
4
4
7
6
5
6
5
6
5
5
6
4
6
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
2
4
3
3
4

10
7
6
8
9
9
9
7
8
9
7
7
8
8
9
6
9
7
8
8
2
3
6
4
5
3
4
3
2
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
5
3
5
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
4

10
5
8
8
6
5
8
5
2
8
7
8
7
8
7
6
8
8
6
6
6
4
1
8
7
8
7
4
2
5
4
4
5
2
4
6
2
8
7
2
2
3
2
6
3
4
3
2

Substitution recommended - There are no current restrictions but future regulatory restrictions may apply
Substitution recommended - existing regulatory restrictions apply
Must be substituted - A regulatory ban applies

GSK SSG-MC-02 September 2010

Flammability &
Explosion

Reactivity/
Stability

Life Cycle Score

storage and handling

factors affecting the

stability of the solvent

Environmental
Impacts to produce
the solvent

10
8
7
6
6
5
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
4
4
7
4
4
8
8
5
4
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
5
3
2
8
4
3
4
1
9
9
10
9
10
6
4
6
6
6

10
9
9
9
10
10
8
10
6
10
9
10
10
8
9
8
9
8
8
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
8
6
4
4
5
4
4
1
2
9
10
8
8
10
10
9
9
10

10
5
6
9
8
9
4
7
7
8
7
4
8
6
7
2
7
3
7
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
4
4
6
6
6
4
7
9
6
7
7
4
2
3
7
7
6
7

Legislation Flag
alerts regulatory
restrictions

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
1
2
2
1

GSK Solvent Selection Guide

Few issues (bpC)
Chl i t d
Chlorinated

.before using chlorinated solvents, have you considered

TBME, isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 2-Methyl THF or Dimethyl Carbonate?

Greenest Option

Water (100C)

Alcohols

1-Butanol
1
Butanol (118C)
2-Butanol (100C)

Esters

t-Butyl acetate (95C)

(89C)
C)
Isopropyl acetate (89
Propyl acetate (102C)
Dimethyl Carbonate (91C)

Ketones
Aromatics

Hydrocarbons

Ethers

Dipolar aprotics

Some issues (bpC)

(97C)
Ethanol/IMS (78C)
1-Propanol
p
t-Butanol (82C)
2-Propanol (82C)
Methanol (65C)

2-Methoxyethanol **

(77C)
C)
Ethyl acetate (77
Methyl acetate (57C)

Methyl isobutyl ketone (117C)

Acetone (56C)
p-Xylene (138C)
Toluene ** (111C)
Isooctane (99C)
Cyclohexane (81C)
Heptane (98C)

Methyl ethyl ketone

Benzene **
Petroleum spirit **
2-Methylpentane
Hexane

t-Butyl methyl ether (55C)

2 Methyl THF (78C)
2-Methyl
Cyclopentyl methyl ether (106C)

1,4-Dioxane **
1,2-Dimethoxyethane **
Tetrahydrofuran
Diethyl ether
Diisopropyl ether **

89 C)
Dimethyl sulfoxide ((189C)

Dimethyl formamide **
N-Methyl pyrrolidone **
N Methyl formamide **
N-Methyl
Dimethyl acetamide **
Acetonitrile

** = EHS Regulatory Alerts: please consult the detailed solvent guide and the GSK Chemicals Legislation Guide for more information
GSK SSG-MC-02 September 2010

Major issues
Dichloromethane **
Carbon tetrachloride **
Chloroform **
1,2-Dichloroethane **