EIGRP and OSPF

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Objectives

Enhanced IGRP

EIGRP tables Configuring EIGRP Verifying EIGRP

Open Shortest Path First

Configuring OSPF Verifying OSPF Configuring OSPF with wildcards

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What Is Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)?

IP Routing Protocols AppleTalk Routing Protocol IPX Routing Protocols

IP Routing Protocols

Enhanced IGRP

AppleTalk Routing Protocol IPX Routing Protocols

Enhanced IGRP supports:

Rapid convergence Reduced bandwidth usage Multiple network-layer support Uses Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to select loop-free routes and enable fast convergence Up to six unequal paths to a remote network (4 by default) AITA\SWBU\CCNA\08

Comparing EIGRP and IGRP

Similar metric Same load balancing Improved convergence time Reduced network overhead Maximum hop count of 255 (100 default) EIGRP can differentiate between internal and external routes

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EIGRP for IP
No updates. Route updates sent only when a change occurs multicast on 224.0.0.10 Hello messages sent to neighbors every 5 seconds (60 seconds in most WANs)

Enhanced IGRP
EIGRP
hello

EIGRP

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EIGRP Terminology
Neighbor TableIP Next Hop Interface
Router

Topology TableIP Destination 1 Successor Destination 1 Feasible Successor

Routing TableIP Destination 1 Successor

Note: A feasible successor is a backup route and stored in the Topology table
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EIGRP Tables The neighbor table and topology table are held in ram and are maintained through the use of hello and update packets.
Enhanced IGRP
EIGRP
hello

EIGRP

To see all feasible successor routes known to a router, use the show ip eigrp topology command
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Successor routes
Successor route is used by EIGRP to forward traffic to a destination A successor routes may be backed up by a feasible successor route Successor routes are stored in both the topology table and the routing table
Topology TableIP Destination 1 Successor Destination 1 Feasible Successor Routing TableIP Destination 1 Successor
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Choosing Routes

IP
A B

IP AppleTalk IPX

AppleTalk IPX

19.2 T1 T1
C D

T1

EIGRP uses a composite metric to pick the best path: bandwidth and delay of the line EIGRP can load balance across six unequal cost paths to a remote network (4 by default)
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Configuring EIGRP for IP

A 192.168.0.0 Enable EIGRP Assign networks 10.110.1.0

AS=10 B 172.16.10.0

Token Ring

192.168.0.0

Router(config)#router eigrp 10 Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

If you use the same AS number for EIGRP as IGRP, EIGRP will automatically redistribute IGRP into EIGRP AITA\SWBU\CCNA\08

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Redistribution
Redistribution is translating one type of routing protocol into another.

EIGRP
Router B

IGRP

Router A

Router D

Router C

IGRP and EIGRP translate automatically, as long as they are both using the same AS number
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Route Path

Assuming all default parameters, which route will RIP (v1 and v2) take, and which route will EIGRP take?

T1 56K

T1

10BaseT 100BaseT 100BaseT

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Verifying Enhanced IGRP Operation

Router# show ip eigrp neighbors Displays the neighbors discovered by IP Enhanced IGRP Displays the IP Enhanced IGRP topology table Displays current Enhanced IGRP entries in the routing table Displays the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process Displays the number of IP Enhanced IGRP packets sent and received
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Router#

show ip eigrp topology

Router#

show ip route eigrp

Router#

show ip protocols

Router#

show ip eigrp traffic

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Show IP Route
P1R1#sh ip route [output cut] Gateway of last resort is not set D 192.168.30.0/24 [90/2172] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:36, Serial0/0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 D 192.168.40.0/24 [90/2681] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:36, Serial0/0 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0 D 192.168.50.0/24 [90/2707] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:35, Serial0/0 P1R1# -D is for Dual -[90/2172] is the administrative distance and cost of the route. The cost of the route is a composite metric comprised from the bandwidth and delay of the line
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Introducing OSPF

Open standard Shortest path first (SPF) algorithm Link-state routing protocol (vs. distance vector) AITA\SWBU\CCNA\08 Can be used to route between ASs

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OSPF Hierarchical Routing

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Consists of areas and autonomous systems Minimizes routing update traffic Supports VLSM Unlimited hop count

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Link State Vs. Distance Vector

Link State: Provides common view of entire topology Calculates shortest path Utilizes event-triggered updates Can be used to route between ASs Distance Vector: Exchanges routing tables with neighbors Utilizes frequent periodic updates

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Types of OSPF Routers

Area 1 Backbone Area 0
ABR and Backbone Backbone/ Router Internal Routers

Area 2

Internal Routers

Internal Routers ASBR and Backbone Router ABR and Backbone Router

External AS

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Configuring Single Area OSPF

Router(config)#router ospf process-id
Defines OSPF as the IP routing protocol Note: The process ID is locally significant and is needed to identify a unique instance of an OSPF database

Router(config-router)#network address mask area area-id Assigns networks to a specific OSPF area

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OSPF Example

R2 10.1.3.0 R3 10.1.1.0

R1

Area 0 10.5.5.0

10.1.2.0

hostname R3
router ospf 10 network 10.1.2.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.1.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

hostname R2
router ospf 20 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

hostname R1
router ospf 30 network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 network 10.5.5.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

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Verifying the OSPF Configuration

Router#show ip protocols Verifies that OSPF is configured Router#show ip route Displays all the routes learned by the router Router#show ip ospf interface Displays area-ID and adjacency information Router#show ip ospf neighbor Displays OSPF-neighbor information on a per-interface basis
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OSFP Neighbors
OSPF uses hello packets to create adjacencies and maintain connectivity with neighbor routers OSPF uses the multicast address 224.0.0.5

Hello? 224.0.0.5

Hello packets provides dynamic neighbor discovery Hello Packets maintains neighbor relationships Hello packets and LSAs from other routers help build and maintain the topological database
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OSPF Terminology

Neighbor Adjacency Neighbors ABR DR Adjacencies Non-DR Cost=6 BDR

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Router ID (RID)

Each router in OSPF needs to be uniquely identified to properly arrange them in the Neighbor tables.
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Electing the DR and BDR

Multicast Hellos are sent and compared Router with Highest Priority is Elected as DR Router with 2nd Highest Priority is Elected as BDR

OSPF sends Hellos which elect DRs and BDRs Router form adjacencies with DRs and BDRs in a multi-access environment
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Configuring Loopback Interfaces

Router ID (RID):

Number by which the router is known to OSPF Default: The highest IP address on an active interface at the moment of OSPF process startup Can be overridden by a loopback interface: Highest IP address of any active loopback interface also called a logical interface
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Interface Priorities
What is the default OSPF interface priority? Router# show ip ospf interface ethernet0/0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 192.168.1.137/29, Area 4 Process ID 19, Router ID 192.168.1.137, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 192.168.1.137, Interface address 192.168.1.137 No backup designated router on this network Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:06 Index 2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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Configuring Wildcards
If you want to advertise a partial octet (subnet), you need to use wildcards.

0.0.0.0 means all octets match exactly 0.0.0.255 means that the first three match exactly, but the last octet can be any value
After that, you must remember your block sizes.

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Wildcard The wildcard address is always one less than the block size.
192.168.10.8/30 = 0.0.0.3 192.168.10.48/28 = 0.0.0.15 192.168.10.96/27 = 0.0.0.31 192.168.10.128/26 = 0.0.0.63

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Wildcard Configuration of the Lab_B Router

Lab_A E0: 192.168.30.1/24 S0: 172.16.10.5/30

Lab_B E0: 192.168.40.1/24 S0: 192.168.10.10/30 S1: 192.168.10.6/30

Lab_C E0: 192.168.50.1/24 S1: 172.16.10.9/30

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