Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts.

It is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. Freeman Dyson

What Is Technology?
Technology is a systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks. J.K.Galbrith.

Technology is the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Technology is a broad term that refers both to artifacts created by humans, such as machines, and the methods used to create those artifacts. More broadly, technology can be used to refer to a way of doing something or a means of organization: for instance, democracy might be considered a social technology. Technology comes from the Greek technologia, which is a combination of techne, meaning craft, and logia, meaning saying. So technology might be considered the articulation of a craft. Technology includes the tools both machines and ways of thinking available to solve problems and promote progress between, among and between societies. Technology includes not only knowledge or methods that are necessary to carry on or to improve the existing production and distribution of goods and services, but also entrepreneurial expertise and professional know-how. The word is also used to describe the extent to which a society can manipulate its environment. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artifacts: computers and software, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products. Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization. Technology includes all of the infrastructure necessary for the design, manufacture, operation, and repair of technological artifacts, from corporate headquarters and engineering schools to manufacturing plants and maintenance facilities.

What Is Standard Of Living?

Level of material comfort that an individual or group aspires to or may achieve. This includes not only privately purchased goods and services but collectively consumed goods and services such as those provided by public utilities and governments. A standard of living determined for a group such as a country must be examined critically in terms of its constituent values. If the mean value increases over time, but at the same time the rich become richer and the poor poorer, the group may not be collectively better off. Various quantitative indicators can be used as measuring rods, including life expectancy, access to nutritious food and a safe water supply, and availability of medical care.In economic means, it mean the financial health of a population, as measured by the quantity of consumption by the members of that population. The measure most frequently used to estimate standard of living is gross national income per capita.

Meaning Of Technology Changing Living Standard

Technology changing living standard means effect of technology on living standard of humans. In other words, it means technology has made it possible for us to live in ways that have never been possible before. From accessing massive amounts of information on the internet to simply experiencing an enriched personal lifestyle, technology continues to push the boundary of our living standards every day. It is undoubtedly true that technology is an important part of our daily lives.

History Of Technology
The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques, and is similar in many ways to the history of humanity. Background knowledge has enabled people to create new things, and conversely, many scientific endeavors have become possible through technologies which assist humans to travel to places we could not otherwise go, and probe the nature of the universe in more detail than our natural senses allow. The use of the term technology has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and usually referred to the description or study of the useful arts. When the word technology is used today, it is most often used to refer to high technology computers, cell phones, rockets rather than technology in general. But when anthropologists use the word technology, they go all the way back to the controlled use of fire (from about 500,000 1 million years ago), the invention of the wheel (c. 4000 BCE), and beyond. The first technological tools were simple hand-axes made by our hominid ancestors millions of years ago. The earliest technological divisions are from mankinds early history, divided into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age depending on the primary tool and weapon-making material at the time. Each building material is superior to the one before it, but more difficult to develop requisite metallurgical techniques. It was the growth of the ancient civilizations which produced the greatest advances in technology and engineering, advances which stimulated other societies to adopt new ways of living and governance.

19th century
The 19th century saw astonishing developments in transportation, construction, and communication technologies originating in China, especially in Hong Kong.Other technologies were explored for the first time, including the Incandescent light bulb.

20th century
20th Century technology developed rapidly. Communication technology, transportation technology, broad teaching and implementation of scientific method, and increased research spending all contributed to the advancement of modern science and technology. Due to the scientific gains directly tied to military research and development, technologies including electronic computing might have developed as rapidly as they did in part due to war. Radio, radar, and early sound recording were key technologies which paved the way for the telephone, fax machine, and magnetic storage of data. Energy and engine technology improvements were also vast.

21st century
In the 21st century, technology is being developed even more rapidly, especially in electronics and biotechnology. Broadband Internet access became commonplace in developed countries, as did connecting home computers with music libraries and mobile phones.

Throughout the twentieth century and present twenty first century the uses of the term have increased to the point where it now encompasses a number of classes of technology:

Technology as Objects: Tools, machines, instruments, weapons, appliances - the physical devices of technical performance

Technology as Knowledge: The know-how behind technological innovation Technology as Activities: What people do - their skills, methods, procedures, routines Technology as a Process: Begins with a need and ends with a solution Technology as a Sociotechnical System: The manufacture and use of objects involving people and other objects in combination

Technology Has A Number Of Distinct Characteristics:

It is Related to Science
Although there is certainly a relationship between science and technology, there is, except in certain high technology industries, very little technology that could be classified as applied science. Technology is marked by different purposes, different processes a different relationship to established knowledge and a particular relationship to specific contexts of activity. Change in the material environment is the explicit purpose of technology, and not, as is the case with science, the understanding of nature; accordingly its solutions are not right or wrong, verifiable or falsifiable, but more or less effective from different points of view.

It Involves Design
At the centre of technology lies design. That design is the very core of engineering is affirmed by the requirement that all degree engineering courses

should embody it. The design process in technology is a sequential process which begins with the perception of a need, continues with the formulation of a specification, the generation of ideas and a final solution, and ends with an evaluation of the solution.

It Involves Making
The motivating factor behind all technological activity is the desire to fulfil a need. For this reason all designs should be made or realised whether that be through prototype, batch or mass production or some form of three dimensional or computer model if the need is to be truly fulfilled, the design is to be legitimately evaluated, and the design activity is to have been purposeful and worthwhile.

It Is Multi-Dimensional
Not only may design and production involve co-operation between different specialisms (between, for example, designer, production engineer and materials scientist), but may involve technologists in performing a multitude of functions, such as working with others, operating within budgets, persuading decision makers, communicating to clients and working to deadlines.

It Is Concerned With Values

Technology is informed by values at every point. Value decisions may be called for not only in relation to the specific design criteria (i.e. aesthetic, ergonomic and economic judgements, suitability for purpose and ease of manufacture) but also in relation to the rightness or wrongness of a particular solution in ethical terms.

It Is Socially Shaped/Shaping
Technological enterprises are determined not by advances in knowledge nor simply by the identification of needs, but by social interests. Of the potential new technologies available at any one time only a few are developed and become widely implemented. In this way technology is shaped by society, by consumer choice. yet it could also be argued that technology shapes society - the technology of the motor car, for example, has shaped our environment and our whole way of life.

Impacts Of Technology On Human life

The contribution of technology benefits modern life in so many ways. At work, technology enables manufacturers to produce more in less time using less manpower. At home, technology helps doing some of daily chores so that time can be spent on more important things. In school, technology is used as tools to improve student learning ability. Technology helps improve productivity at work by allowing manufactures to produce more in less time using less manpower. Many simple tasks that workers used to do are now done by robots. Technology helps improve the quality of life by doing many of our mundane tasks so that we can spend more time on things that matter to us. Home appliances take care some of the daily chores such washing dishes, doing laundry, and making coffee automatically, just to name a few. Refrigerator keeps food to stay fresh longer therefore it minimizes the number of trips to the store. Microwave enables food to be warmed up in just a matter of minutes. Technology helps improve school. Computers are used by schools across the country to help improve student learning ability. Computer simulation is used in flight school to allow students learning to fly without risks of accidence. Schools use computers in testing environment to allow students taking self-assessment test and getting instant feedback. Many students use the internet for research or getting online help. It can be headed under three heads :

Technology and social change Economic effects of technology Technology and plant level changes

 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Technology reaches people through business: Managers of business

organizations. Business houses pool the necessary resources and use new discoveries to convert them into useful products .Society depends on business to benefit from new discoveries flowing into useful goods and services for all mankind.

High expectations of consumers: Technology has contributed to the

emergence of affluent societies. New varieties of products, superior in quality, more safe n more comfortable , are to be supplied to the consumers. This calls for substantial investment in R& D.

System complexity: Technology creates complexity. As a result living

becomes more complex.

Social change

There is change in social change due to technological change. An invention may destroy the economic basis of a city, displace thousands of workers, yet same invention may result in the creation of new city somewhere.

Technology changes the pattern of their social life. A invention may open new employment opportunities to women, change in working hours, increase in leisure hours, open jobs to youth. Technology helps iron out social differences but has created status differences instead. Technological phases and social system they create: Technology has brought , along with it, new words, new food, new dress and habits.

 TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY

Increased Productivity -Technology results in increased productivity in terms of both quality and quantity. Like, in hospitals, it is qualitative and in factories, it is quantitative in nature. Improved productivity , results in increased wages and fall in prices. Jobs tend to become more intellectual- advanced technology needs employees who are knowledgeable and skilled. Problem of techno structure (scientific and professional workers) - an organization with new technology have pool of scientists, engineers, college graduates, highly skilled workers. It creates problem like- retention of employee, difficulty in placing people in a pattern. Need for bioprofessinal and multiprofessional managers have increased. Increased demand for capital- todays technology necessitates massive investment of money on acquiring or discovering new ideas and their adoption, educating, training and maintaining of the managers. Rise and decline of products and organizations- a product have its own life cycle. So new technology may destroy an existing product, like TV. replaced radio, xerography hurt the carbon paper business or i-pod replaced the walkman etc. Expenditure on R&D a) A company must make the required resources available for effective R&D. b) Technology transfers, the process of taking new technology from the lab to the market is equally important. This transfer takes larger time as org. grow in size. c) As new technology comes in, old technology needs to be abandoned. The R&D manager must determine this technological discontinuity. d) Technology can be either outsourced or developed through in- house R&D. apart from in- house R &D, firms can also tap the R&D capabilities of
9

competitors, suppliers, and from others through licensing, R&D agreements and joint ventures. e) Next issue relates to decision on product innovation or process innovation. In early stages product innovation are imp. as products physical attributes and capabilities will affect financial performance. later , process innovation such as improved manufacturing facilities, improved quality and faster distribution becomes important in maintaining product economic returns

TECHNOLOGY AND PLANT IMPLICATIONS

Any technological advancement will result in expanded range of products, substitution of capital for labour,intiation of changes in behaviour of customers, suppliers, employees or society.

Fear of risk - adoption of new technology comes with the fear of risk. Total quality management- It refers to the deep commitment of an organization to quality. new principles of TQM are- meet consumer requirement on time, to do error free work, manage by prevention , not by correction, measure the cost of quality. it have implications for both employees and manager to improve their working

10

E- commerce focuses on distribution. marketing and sales process , ebusiness emphasizes integration of systems, processes, organization, markets. E commerce through is made possible through technology. It provides several benefits to business like , convenience in conducting business, an electronic meeting and trading place adds efficiency to business, benefits to consumers in form of increased options, efficiency in distribution. Flexible Manufacturing System Under FMS, machines are designed to produce batches of different products. It is integrated computer aided design, engineering and manufacturing, can produce a large volume products. With fms, when management want to produce new part , it does not need to change mavhines, it needs to change only computer programming. Under fms, workers need training and higher skills.

11

So many new technologies have appeared in the past half century that its impossible to list all of them. below is the list of areas of human lives where technologies has revolutioned the way we Indians live.

Accounting
The accounting profession has experienced many different changes and as well as a tremendous amount of growth over the past century. Technology has greatly impacted the accounting profession in the sense that a task that normally would take several entry level accounting clerks to perform can be accomplished by one accountant. The current technology has literally changed the way an accountant does their job. There is no longer a need for the old fashioned T accounts or hand written journal entries or even hand written ledgers. For example, in the past accountants used to do everything written. The process was time consuming and lengthy. With the advancement of technology all aspects of accounting, from A/R , A/P to payroll the roles have changed thanks to technology. One great example that comes to mind is the process of credit cards, working for a hotel credit cards are used over 70% of the time. In prior years we used to have to use the old credit card imprint machine and manually process each transaction. On the accounting side the batches were then sent for processing and then, the declined ones were sent back so that we could collect. Now the transactions are instantaneous. There is no longer a need for the manual processing which saves us time and money in many different areas. ) It's unfortunate that due to unethical accounting practices there has been an increased need for advanced technology of accounting systems in order to better monitor what is going on with organizations. The need for real time reports and financial information at the click of a button seems to be the trend these days.

12

 Plastic Money
Earlier when we buy things, we pay for them usually in cash but in the present era credit cards and ATMs have made our shopping experience much easier; no longer do we have to bring lavish amounts of money. Plastic cards are now the most popular way to pay for things. Theyre easy to Use, and as well as using them in shops we use them to pay over the phone or on the Internet. We also use them to get cash out of the bank i.e ATM (Automated Teller Machine). There are lots of different sorts of plastic cards.. ATM(Automated Teller Machine): This is the simplest card. You cant use it in a shop to buy anything. Instead, it allows you to take money out of a cash machine, and most banks set a daily limit on what can be withdrawn. Debit card: A debit card lets you use money direct from your bank account without having to take out cash. You hand it over at the checkout and the money is taken straight out of your account, providing you give them your Personal Identification Number (PIN). You can usually use your debit card at cash machines as well, enabling you to take out cash when you need it.. Prepaid cash cards: You can use a prepaid cash card in the same places as a credit card. The difference is that you dont get a bill. Instead, you load money onto your card in much the same way that you load credits onto a prepaid mobile phone. If you lose your card, as long as you report it, you dont lose the money loaded onto it. Rented property often has meters which require this sort of card to pay for electricity or gas. As there is no credit score required when applying for one of these cards, it means that young people or those usually rejected by card companies can now get the same discounts as everyone else by buying online. Credit card: You use a credit card in the same way that you use a debit card. The two big differences are that: the money you spend isnt taken out of your account; and interest is charged straight away on any cash you withdraw using your credit card. The credit card company keeps a list of everything you spend and turns this into a bill, which they usually send at the end of the month or you can access online.

13

Computer Technology
The internet has made such a huge impact on society that people can't remember how it was to work without it. Nothing has had such a great impact on the people throughout the world. The internet now is so popular it has touched every aspect of our life, changing how we keep in touch, share information, conduct business and even earning an income. With the help of the internet we can now communicate with each other almost instantly anywhere in the world. We no longer have to depend on our snail mails and wait for days to communicate to our friends and relatives. Instant messaging technologies have revolutionized casual conversation, the way young people communicate. This has become so popular that a new code language comprising of emoticons and acronyms has emerged. Now we don't have to spend hours looking for information in our libraries, the information is available to us anytime with just one click of the mouse. Instant access to information has really empowered all of us. Almost all businesses now use the internet to communicate to its customers. The retailers do not take it as a threat but see it as an opportunity to reach its global customers. From the consumers point of view he can now easily compare prices and features of a product before deciding on to purchase it. Banking transactions can be done at any time throughout the day. No longer one has to wait for the bank to open or stand in queues. The internet has also made it possible to earn one's income from the

comfort of his home. The number of SOHO (small office home office) businesses everywhere has gone up significantly.

14

The Internet has brought an almost infinite amount of information right into your home and workplace. Increasingly, this information is also available to you while you are on the road as well. As a result, you have access to massive amounts of human knowledge in the time it takes to download a web page. Many jobs that were once only possible with access to research libraries or other institutions can be done now from your home, or anywhere. The digital technology has also created new opportunities for remote employment. These workplace changes are restructuring the face of the workforce and the possibilities for how individual lives are structured as well. There have been correspondingly great changes in retail, banking and other industries.

Education
Not too long back, a classroom meant assignments , blackboards and chalks, heavy duty lectures, etc. Today, things are a lot different. Classrooms, be it in a school or college, are slowly inching towards infusion of modernity in the education system and it will take a while to ease out rote learning as the most conventional method. The transition from rote learning to tech-based education is clearly evident. The introduction of IT will not only aid the students but also the faculty, and as a result overall efficiency of the system is bound to improve. Swanky laptops, CDs, and e-learning are now part of everyday education. Anywhere anytime learning is the buzzword. Students these days have their own laptops to work on. There is wireless networking in the campus. Technology has brought about a huge transformation in the education system and experts feel rote learning is likely to diminish in the coming years. A couple of years back, online education was Greek and Latin to most people; today technology has finally arrived with a bang, and everyone has welcomed it. It is the best way to unleash their creativity. Thanks to Internet, everything is available at the click of a finger. And, the students are making the best use of this technology. In this jet-age it is required to replace notebooks and textbooks by 'laptops and presentations'. With the introduction of technology, the younger lot will certainly take more interest in the curriculum.

15

E-learning is mandatory in this age; it is definitely the need of the hour in India. The majority of people in India comprise what is called the GenNext and it is imperative to provide them the right kind of education. While e-learning ensures that data quality remains the top-most priority, it also facilitates development of content. Among universities, Amity University, Manipal and Symbiosis were the trendsetters and now the craze has caught on with schools as well. . Though setting up a technology-driven system is not an easy task, it has benefits galore. India has made giant strides in improving her education system, but a lot still needs to be done in terms of moderenisation. However, schools and universities taking the e-learning path are still very slow at it. Distance learning and e-learning seem to have become synonymous with each other. India is one of the first few countries to introduce disabled-friendly computers. Believe it or not, the Internet has grown the fastest in this world. It took 38 years for radio to reach the people, 13 years for television and just 4 years for the Internet.

16

Mobiles
Communication
No man can stay alone without communicating with others. Devices such as landline and mobiles help in carrying voices over long distances. The essence of a clear communication must also be understood in order to choose the best device for exchanging ideas and thoughts. Communication is also vital for a healthy psychology. Business and relationship do not get affected on account of long distances.

Landline To Cell Phones

Life has transformed right from the discovery of telephone by Alexander Bell. Landline and mobile phones are the suitable choices one can depend for communication. There was a time when the majority of people did not own a mobile phone. As technology improves by the day and deals get better do we really have a good use for landlines? One of the main reasons people stuck with a landline was because of the excessive charges to ring from a mobile, however, this has all changed now as we do not have to wait until 6pm to make a phone call that will avoid charges. Providers have sorted this problem out and many deals have an allocation of free minutes available to the user. The evident testimonial for the invention is experienced by us everyday. The universal usage of the telephone justifies the reason for the invention. World has become smaller and exchange of information has takes place within seconds now! Cell phones have brought a whole new meaning to the term multitasking. Twenty years ago, it was not possible to talk to the office while you were at the grocery store picking up some necessary items. You could never have had a three-way business conference while you were fixing dinner or been able to deal with a business client from home while caring for a sick child. Cell phones have enabled us to do various tasks all at the same time. Cell phones have also enabled families to keep in closer touch with each other. Children can contact you if they have missed their ride form soccer practice and your spouse can call while he is stuck in traffic to let you know that he is going to be late for supper. Teenagers

17

are able to call to ask permission to go somewhere, and with GPS features that are now available on some cell phones, you are able to check to make sure that they are where they are suppose to be.

Many of these advantages we do not even notice.

Have you ever arrived at the grocery store and realized that you have forgotten your grocery list? The first thing you would probably do is to call home and have one of your children read the list off to you. In the same situation in past years, you may have forgotten things or have had to drive all the way back home to get it. If your car breaks down, you automatically call for help instead of having to walk to find a mechanic. Cell phones have certainly made our lives much more convenient. Cell phones have also changed the way that people interact with each other. When we call someone, we are actually calling the person and not a place. This enables us to be more spontaneous when making plans as you rarely get a busy signal and unlike a land line telephone, someone is always home. Cell phones also enable us to call if we are going to be late for an appointment, although this has led to cell phone users running late more often than those who do not have cell phones. These users seem to have adopted the attitude that appointment times are not concrete and use their cell phones to renegotiate their arrival time. Advances in technology mean our mobiles are not just for making calls, we can now send emails and surf the internet and this is a clear advantage over a landline. In the past, batteries would not last long enough but again, new technologies mean mobiles can last a days talking without running out of battery. There is also more choice as you can choose between monthly and pay as you go mobile phones depending on what you want from your mobile.

18

Mobile Tracker
Technology has advanced fast and in order to cater the needs and requirement of human nature all the facilities are being brough inside the small mobile phones. Mobile phones from different manufacturers like Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Nokia, LG, Videocon, AT&T, Vodafone, Aircel etc have advanced mobile features like social networking, pixel camera, videos, mp3s, email, internet, video conference, 3g and 4g services having a costly mobile phone is more easy than preserving it. Yes to that extent mobile phone thefts are increasing day by day and by chance also people used to loose their mobile phones during travel. So we should be aware of the techniques to restore and recover the stolen mobile phone or lost mobile phone. The technique through which we can recover our mobile phones is Mobile Tracker.

How to recover/ restore the stolen/ lost Mobile Phone?

Every mobile is having its own IMEI number ie International Mobile Identity preset by the mobile manufacturer. Exceptionally some china mobile phones are coming without imei numbers and such phones will be blocked by the telephone authority of a country. Know your mobile phone imei number by pressing *#06#

19

imei number is an unique fifteen digit 15 number differs from handset to handset In case of mobile theft or lost mobile phone, email this imei number to cop@vsnl.net which avoids going to a police station and lodging a complaint. In such case according to rules your mobile phone will be traced and recovered within 24 Hrs through GPRS and internet system. On safe side if the mobile is bought from a recognized or authorized dealer then you can very well claim for mobile theft insurance that can sumup to near about half the mobile price

3G Mobile Technology
3G wireless technology represents the convergence of various 2G wireless telecommunications systems into a single uniform global system which includes terrestrial and satellite components in its functioning. "2G networks are already playing a vital role in expanding access to essentially voice and valueadded SMS services. 3G is the third generation of wireless technologies. It comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies, like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming. 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the Internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data and to surf the net. 3G allows you to connect to the Internet without being near a wireless hotspot. It gives you self20

contained internet and email access on your laptop, without the need for any specialised technical knowledge. Large email attachments can be downloaded quickly and easily, making mobile working a practical reality. You can even connect while on a train or in a car. You can stay connected whenever you want because you'll only pay for the amount of data you send and receive. Quite simply, it means that you can work from out of the office in the same way as if you were connected to your office network. There's no searching for a telephone socket and there are no snail-paced downloads. For starters,3G is the third generation of wireless mobile technology - a revolutionary step ahead of the existing 2G services we are used to. In 132 countries across the world, it is enabling the convergence of mobile communications, computing and consumer electronics. Now it is set to introduce Indians to the cellular world of rich voice, super-fast connectivity, and high-resolution videos. Even as high-speed data access makes urban office-goers more productive, the experience will be far more life-altering for rural consumers. Telecom operators will be forced to roll out networks in yet unserved territories to recover additional 3G spectrum costs. The technology is expected to bridge the urban-rural digital divide. Access to 3G mobility will address policy concerns by delivering essential services like financial,healthcare and education. India's adoption of 3G will further improve the level of tele-density, especially broadband penetration. This, in turn, leads to enhanced GDP and job creation opportunities," The reason why 3G networks are seen as India's best bet to address its extremely low penetration of broadband services is because it has the advantage of being backwardcompatible with existing 2G networks. It also provides increased capacity network and other efficiency elements that enable operators to deliver more competitive mobile broadband services, while ultimately reducing their investments.

How is 3G Better?
3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks:

21

Several times higher data speed Enhanced audio and video streaming Video-conferencing support Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds IPTV (TV through the Internet) support

Advantages Of 3G:
Two big advantages of 3G for India would be in the areas of healthcare and m-commerce. In a country where basic medical provisioning has had difficulties reaching people in isolated locations, the technology could be a much-needed shot in the arm. Services ranging from medication reminders to remote diagnostics and monitoring services have the potential to improve and extend life. The wireless health industry is only just gaining critical mass around the world, but by eliminating barriers to care and driving down costs, 3G could spell a turnaround for India's beleaguered healthcare system. Meanwhile, financial services and mobile commerce using 3G have already reached a new level of convenience, visibility and safety around the world and are just getting off the ground in India.3G can make banking and payment solutions convenient and secure. It could be the beginning of the 'm-cash era' - where money transfer on the move and mobile wallet services will be the way to do business. Even businesses in India will benefit. Mobile broadband will allow Indian employees real time access to remote desktop enterprise solutions and increasing a company's response time to customers, leading to increased productivity, while high data rates and optimised quality of service would increase the countrys competitiveness.

22

India also seems to be a big market for entertainment services with elements of social networking. In such a movie-crazy nation, citizens could take to 3G for watching films and serials like fish to water. In fact, most 3G handset operators consider entertainment as potentially India's biggest revenue spinner driven by 3G services.

The latest 3G mobile phone technology is like having broadband to go. It allows you faster access to the Internet while you're out and about working on the move. As 3G is a relatively new technology, availability is currently limited, however coverage is growing all the time. Some of the main service providers have maps where one can check availability in your area 3G Vodafone 3G Orange 3G T-mobile O2 Three Mobile

E-shopping
Online shopping is becoming popular in India these days. In a country like India, where people has to depend on metro cities for finding commodities with good quality and wide selection, Online shopping offers vast, easy and interesting shopping experience. Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. If an intermediary service is present the process is called electronic commerce. An online shop, e-shop, e-store, internet
23

shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. The process is called Business-to-Consumer (B2C) online shopping. When a business buys from another business it is called Business-to-Business (B2B) online shopping. Both B2C and B2B online shopping are forms of e-commerce .Online shops give the great opportunity for online shopping without creating any hassle or problem. While sitting in room, you can arrange the complete information about the existing products and upcoming gadgets without spending any money or time. This process saves lot of time. Most of the people do not consider the online shopping as a secure option. But internet is one of the most secure ways to purchase product without any trouble. All websites follow the data protection act and do not leak any information of yours. Online shopping provides several advantages like 24 hours shopping, which requires less travel, rich product availability and specifications etc. Almost all online shopping sites now offer items in discounted price and free shipping for selected items thereby attracting the net savvy customers to have a try. Unlike conventional shopping the consumer can get a detailed account of the specifications of the commodity through the website. Online shoppers commonly use credit card to make payments, however some systems enable users to create accounts and pay by alternative means, such as:

Debit card Various types of electronic money Cash on delivery (C.O.D., offered by very few online stores) Cheque Wire transfer/delivery on payment Postal money order Reverse SMS billing to mobile phones Gift cards

Once a payment has been accepted the goods or services can be delivered in the following ways.

24

Download: This is the method often used for digital media products such as software, music, movies, or images. Shipping: The product is shipped to the customer's address. Drop shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or third-party distributor, who ships the item directly to the consumer, bypassing the retailer's physical location to save time, money, and space. In-store pickup: The customer orders online, finds a local store using locator software and picks the product up at the closest store. This is the method often used in the bricks and clicks business model. In the case of buying an admission ticket one may get a code, or a ticket that can be printed out. At the premises it is made sure that the same right of admission is not used twice.

Drawbacks
Online shopping has its drawbacks too, we cannot touch and feel the item, delay in shipping, risk of loosing your money etc are a few. Given the lack of ability to inspect merchandise before purchase, consumers are at higher risk of fraud on the part of the merchant than in a physical store. Merchants also risk fraudulent purchases using stolen credit cards or fraudulent repudiation of the online purchase. With a warehouse instead of a retail storefront, merchants face less risk from physical theft. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption has generally solved the problem of credit card numbers being intercepted in transit between the consumer and the merchant. Identity theft is still a concern for consumers when hackers break into a merchant's web site and steal names, addresses and credit card numbers. Ebay and Amazon are the market leaders in online shopping in the world. However local counterparts are more popular in India. Here is a list of popular websites offering online shopping in India.

www.indiaplaza.com www.naaptol.com

25

www.futurebazaar.com www.indiatimes.com www.shopping.rediff.com www.indiavarta.com www.infibeam.com www.retailsdirect.com www.HomeShop18.com

Air Conditioner
An air conditioner not only cools the air, but also takes moisture out of the air by lowering the air to its dewpoint and condensing the water out. So it cools the air and dries the air as well. Air Conditioners (ACs) have re-defined the home comfort. In simplistic terms, these home appliances are designed to replace the hot air in a room with nice and cool air. AC's allow you to control the room temperature, humidity, and the air quality making living in hot climate very comfortable.

AC - An Affordable Luxury
Not too long ago (about a decade back) Air Conditioners at home were considered a luxury item. Buying an Air Conditioner was certainly beyond aam aadmi's imagination. People just prayed and hoped that the summers don't get severe and long. A table or ceiling fan, or at best an air cooler would suffice. An AC was considered an expensive purchase for most middle class households in India and having it at home remained a far stretched dream. Not any more! This is one "luxury item" everyone wants to lay their hands on now. It's not very difficult to find the reasons behind this change in mindset.

26

The prices for Air Conditioners have diminished and technological innovations have made ACs of the day energy efficient, less noisy & lighter.

An Air Conditioner at home apart from controlling the temperature also keeps a check on relative humidity while taking care of room ventilation and air distribution. The AC installation has become painless and the maintenance cost is also well within the reach.

One can research online/offline, compare AC prices and AC reviews before making a purchase.

Raising Living Standards: E-return

Online filing of income tax returns refers to a procedure of filing income tax returns through the use of internet in an electronic form. Hence, derives its name as E-filing. Efiling of Income Tax Return is an emerging concept with a dynamic view to cut down the arduousness that is faced by the tax payers. E-Filing of Income Tax Return is the process of electronically filing IT returns through the internet. You no longer have to stand in long queues to file income tax return. We earlier covered details on who need to File an Income Tax Return in India and the Income Tax Forms in which such returns need to be furnished. The return form, along with copies of necessary supporting documents, has to be filed at the appropriate income tax office or special counters set up for this purpose by Income Tax Department, India. E-filing is mandatory for a company and a firm is liable to get its accounts audited under the section 44AB of the IT Act, whereas, on the other hand, others are at discretion to file their return electronically. E-filing can be done in three ways: i. ii. Filing through an e-return intermediary who does e-filing along with assisting the assessee to file the ITR-V Form. Using Digital Signature in cases where no paper return is required to be submitted.

27

iii.

Filing without digital signature in cases where ITR-V form is to be filed with the department (Updates: Send ITR-V to Banglore). This acts as a single page receipt cum verification form as it does the work of both at the same time by providing itself as a proof of receipt as well as a verification form.

Satellite TV
Technology changes the way we live and the quality of life we enjoy, plain and simple. Those are the defining features of technology. Of course, certain technologies go a greater distance towards these ends than others, and our preference for one may be greater than for another as a result. One technology that has had a tremendous influence on the way we live and our quality of life over the last century is the television, the darling technology of modern civilization. We really have come a long way since the first days of television, and even compared to just a few years back the current capabilities of most people's home television set and home television service is truly outstanding-well, in most cases at least. As far as television services are concerned, people are discovering that nothing will change their home (or even their business) environment quite as much as a satellite TV service will, based on the incomparable features included in the most outstanding satellite packages these days. Satellite TV providers are obviously not all the same, and so these claims are only really applicable when dealing with one of the 'top dogs' in the industry. For home viewers, satellite television is shaking things up quite a bit. No longer will parents need to bemoan the mind-numbing and ethics-degrading effects of the television, issues which have been gaining more and more attention over the last few decades as children and adolescents are exposed to increasingly tacky, inane and even grotesque viewing material on the television. Satellite providers overcome this problem in a few crucial ways: first, they make sure to offer family-oriented programming packages that are full of channels fit for children to view and that in fact are loaded with educational content,

28

meaning that the TV will be a magnet for learning; second, they offer parents the full arsenal of tools they need to ensure that their kids don't become couch potatoes or gain access to certain channels that they shouldn't view. Parental controls are one of the prime benefits of satellite TV, and among the possibilities for controlling children's viewing are channel blocking (the classic method), hourly limits on viewing (supervised as well as unsupervised), and caps on pay-per-view purchases through the parents' credit cards (a real favorite).

Car Industry: I-Key Technology

Now in India, new technology cars has been introduced in which one does not need a key to lock, unlock, start and stop a car. The newest car in this block is Nissan Micra with i-key technology. The Nissan Micra is one of those small hatchbacks that are making their way into the market with USPs that center around technology. We are going to be delving to the technology that vehicles use for some in-car systems and such Micra is The Newest Car which is Released from Nissan. Nissan s ad campaign features Bollywood Star Ranbir Kapoor..The Ad Gives More emphasis on I-KEY which means Intelligent Key System introduced for the First time. The car can be locked by simply pressing the button and walking away. If the key is out of range, thats about 5-6 feet away from the car doors, pressing the button as hard as you can, still wont get the door to unlock. You can also unlock or lock the car in the old fashioned way by using the auto-cop remote key lock.

29

The system makes it very convenient to lock/unlock the vehicle. If your hands are full or if youre a lady and the keys are inside your purse (that never ending space that contains all kinds of weird things) you wont need to hunt around for any key. What would have been great is if the door actually popped open when you pressed the button. That way you still wouldnt need to search for your keys if your hands were otherwise occupied and wouldnt need to physically exert to free one hand to just to open the door, just press the button and voila

30

The Below Picture describes the Functionality of IKey. I-Key Stands for Intelligent Key System.

Having Nissan Micras Intelligent key fob, one can easily start the engine with the push of a button & lock/unlock the doors just by touching the request switch on the door handle. Also provides Extra security by the engine immobilizer which prevents anyone without the key from starting the car.

Assistive Technology For People With Disabilities

Assistive Technology (AT) can be defined as a device or service that can benefit people with disabilities. Any piece of equipment, product system, or any device that can be used to improve, increase, and or maintain a disabled persons functional capabilities is defined as an assistive technology device. According to the AT Act of 2004, an assistive technology service is defined as any service that helps a disabled individual acquire, select, and or use an assistive technological device. These advances are especially important to blind and partially sighted people as they offer access to information at home or at work.

They can also help to bridge what might otherwise be a disability by allowing individuals to:

Enabling an individual to have a level of accomplishment and or normal fluency that could not be achieved without these devices and or services.

31

Reducing the labor required or increase endurance when attempting to complete routine tasks. Enhances some individuals opportunities for learning or employments tasks. Supporting normal social interactions with their environment be it work and or social events. Become more independent Compete on equal terms To realise their personal goals and potential To make a real contribution in the workplace.

Case:
Tailor-made technology helps physically challenged to reconnect with the digital world. Life changed dramatically for quadropedic cerebral palsy patient Avinash Sonnad a few years ago when he began using a speech recognition software to control a computer mouse with his voice. Today, the 22-year-old Sonnad is pursuing a degree in Bachelor of Computer Application with a contagious enthusiasm and zeal about life. It was Bangalore-based software engineer Senthil Kumaran who had combined Cambridge Universitys research software Dasher with an E-speaking software to help Sonnad. Since Sonnad could not use a mouse or speak very clearly, the combined software allowed him to communicate through letters on the screen. The letters are chosen through basic words like left, right, up and down, explains Kumaran, who is also associated with the Spastic Society of Karnataka. But this particular combination might not work for another physically challenged child, as each has a unique disability.

32

Technology Transform Life In Indian Villages

Villages have always been considered the "Heart and Soul"of India. No wonder, seventyfive percent still lives in villages .But the past few decades have witnessed a radical change transformation in the scene of an Indian village in some ways for the better; in other ways for the worse. The main catalyst responsible for this change has been the fast and speedy advent of modern technology in our country. Today, modern techology holds an important place in India in all developmental fields-scientific ,industrial and of course agricultural. The effect of modern technology on Indian villages has been left in a very remarkable manner in different spheres of life. First and foremost, farming is the backbone of Indian villages. Because of modern technology, the methods of farming have been revolutionised. Out dated and absolute methods of farming have been discarded and new and innovative methods are being widely adopted. The use of tractors and other modern agricultural implements has perfected the art of farming and, in the process, commercialised it to a large extent.

The standard of living of an average Indian farmer has risen, and as more and more machines are taking the place of manual work, farmers are encouraged to take up subsidiary occupations, like cattle-breeding, poultry-farming etc. which are an additional source of income for them. Extensive and intensive cultivation of crops hybridisation of crops, rotation of crops and the greatly successful 'green revolution' have presented a better picture of Indian villages to the world. Previously, sowing seeds and reaping harvests used to be a labourious task for the Indian farmers. He was entirely at the mercy of the nature for the rain for his crops .But today modern technology has discovered artificial irrigation methods liketube wells ,canal, dams, etc. Which prove a boon to the farmers in the times of crises. Also, better quality seeds and fertilisers are yet another result of modern technology which have successfully led India on the path of self-sufficiency in foodgrains.

33

Advantages Of Technology :

Globalization : IT has not only brought the world closer

together, but it has allowed the world's economy to become a single interdependent system. This means that we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can also bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has developed into a global village due to the help of information technology allowing countries like Chile and Japan who are not only separated by distance but also by language to shares ideas and information with each other.

Communication :With the help of information

technology, communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now communicate with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world thanks to the helps of video conferencing.

Cost effectiveness : Information technology has helped

to computerize the business process thus streamlining businesses to make them

34

extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to profits that means better pay and less strenuous working conditions.

Bridging the cultural gap : Information technology has

helped to bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas, thus increasing awareness and reducing prejudice.

More time : IT has made it possible for businesses to be

open 24 x7 all over the globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a single muscle.

Creation of new jobs : Probably the best advantage of

information technology is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems analyzers, Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some of the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT.

Disadvantages Of Technology :
Just like the medicines we have side effects of technologies too. No technologies can be 100% compatible with the humans.

Unemployment : While information

technology may have streamlined the business process it has also crated job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed.

Privacy : Though information technology

may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking,

35

people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge.

Lack of job security : Industry experts

believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.

Dominant culture: While information

technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else.

Case Study
This case study deals with the side effects of the technologies which we either neglect or overlook as we have no other options. Case study: Mr. Lucky / Mr. Unlucky A day in the life of Mr. Lucky.He is almost unlucky so far as to get right things happening at the wrong time or perhaps the vice-versa. Background Mr. Lucky is working for a software firm as a trainee engineer. Mr. Lucky is driving his bike amidst the busy traffic then suddenly jhalak dikhlaja(his ring tone)his

36

mobile rings .He stops his bike to attend the call just to find out that it is from the service provider about the new exciting offers. He then feels annoyed and start driving again then again jhalak dikhlaja---this time he doesnt pick it up and it was from his prospective customer where he is going, who rings him to notify that he has to go out for urgent work. He then returned back to his office obviously with no results. He however buys a handsfree. While giving an important presentation infront of his boss again..jhalak dikhlaja It was from a outstation number so he picked up just to find out that it was a wrong number. He then switches off his mobile and his father urgently needs to talk to him but finds his mobile switched off. After office he goes to meet his girlfriend at the mall. While he was trying to have a good time jhalak dikhlaja.. His father again calls him up and scolded him for not calling him back as he has left message in his voice-mail. He comes to know of the fact that his mother is in hospital, so rush to hospital as soon as possible. Returning very late from the hospital he retires to his bed as he has only 3 hours left for rest. After two hoursjhalak dikhalaja. He picks up his phone only to find out that it was from his friend abroad who has called just yunhi. Now our Mr. Lucky realises that because of his luck or because of his mobile he is Mr. Unlucky Every year how many people die on the road Why do we see signs like please dont You are sleeping after a very very long work

due to answering phone calls while driving drive while talking on your mobile ,traffic safety week,etc. avoided. mobile rings up. If you dont pick up it goes in the voice mail How many peoples do really uses voice and what if its really very urgent and the user wants to connect to you. mails.. While busy in a important meeting if your and suddenly your mobile rings up and found out that its just a normal call could be

37

Does luck has to play a great role in utilising

the technology fully. If not then what should Mr. Lucky do to get once again lucky.

Solution-voicemail
Well the solution of the above problems lies and present already in voicemail. However technically voicemail is a single way communication between the caller and the mobile user. The caller can leave his message and get back sometimes after. Voicemail, a modified form of our answering machine used in fixed line telephone. In fixed line telephone only single way communication is enough. Mobiles should be as compatible with the user as the users is. Actual process :-.Process includes the situation in which the user can sms to us (service provider) at a separate number. Now if the caller recieves a call from a mobile then that sms can be sent to the caller , whereas if the caller is doing from a fixed line then a prerecorded voice of our customer service executive will be played ,for eg.- Mr. X is driving right now call him after an hour. If your message is really urgent then call him again. Now this process happens twice and if the caller need urgent connection then the call is connected directly to the user and now the user will come to know that some urgent call is there. In this way two step filtering is observed between the user and the caller and hence the user has already separated the urgent calls from the unnecessary calls. In this process if the user want to activate his mobile before the stated time then again he can sms or call at the same number above. However if the user doesnt activate his mobile then it will be activated automatically after the set time.

Conclusion
Technology is very much a part of modern life. The recent development of technology has made it possible for us to live in ways that have never been possible before. From accessing massive amounts of information on the internet to simply experiencing an enriched personal lifestyle, technology continues to push the boundary of our living standards every day. It is undoubtedly true that technology is an important part of our daily lives.

38

Technology helps improve productivity at work by allowing manufactures to produce more in less time using less manpower. technology helps improve school. Computers are used by schools across the country to help improve student learning ability. Computer simulation is used in flight school to allow students learning to fly without risks of accidence. Schools use computers in testing environment to allow students taking self-assessment test and getting instant feedback. Many students use the internet for research or getting online help. the contribution of technology benefits modern life in so many ways. At work, technology enables manufacturers to produce more in less time using less manpower. At home, technology helps doing some of daily chores so that time can be spent on more important things. In school, technology is used as tools to improve student learning ability. Therefore, the contribution technology has made to modern life has been positive. On the other hand this huge development in technology has affected our lifestyles in a negative sense also like increasing number of fatal accidents due to mobiles, over dependence on technology, etc. However, it is upon the people to decide whether the technology source being used by them affects them in a positive or negative sense. So, the technologies available to people greatly influence how their lives are as well as people have influence on technologys development and how it is used. The difference in a person attitude towards technology is dependent on that persons exposure to it rather that the notion she/he has of it.

Bibliography
http://www.scribd.com/doc/11525646/The-Technology-of-Change http://www.nae.edu/nae/techlithome.nsf/weblinks/KGRG-55A3ER http://www.investorwords.com/4691/standard_of_living.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology

39

http://www.siliconindia.com/showhumor/How_technology_changed_us__Techie-nidhttp://www.blurtit.com/q705745.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/careers/education/How-tech-is-changinghttp://www.helium.com/items/1322082-technologys-impact-on-society http://www.ezinearticles.com/?The-Cell-Phone-Versus-The-Landline&id=104411 http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/132231/phones/the_reasons_why_mobil http://voip.about.com/od/mobilevoip/p/3G.htm http://www.actnowcornwall.co.uk/3Gmobiletechnology.asp http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/WHAT-ANhttp://www.indianchild.com/3g.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping http://www.weeksupdate.com/2009/06/best-indian-online-shopping-websites.html http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070622072546AAoifC2 http://www.tolmol.com/g/air-conditioners-buying-guideindia.htm http://www.indiafascinates.com/tax/e-filing-income-tax-return-online/ http://www.chaaps.com/the-new-nissan-micra-comes-with-i-key-ranbir-kapoor-in-tvhttp://www.nissan.co.uk/cars/technology/intelligent-key-car.htm http://www.hubpages.com/hub/Assistive-Technology-for-the-Disabled http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/assistive-technology-comes-to-

81967294.html

education-in-India/articleshow/6086135.cms

es_are_replacing_landlines.html

IDEA3G-/articleshow/5824070.cms

commercial.html

aidspecially-abled/403939/

40