Demographic factors

Definition
Socioeconomic characteristics of a population expressed statistically, such as age, sex, education level, income level, marital status, occupation, religion, birth rate, death rate, average size of a family, average age at marriage. A census is a collection of the demographic factors associated with every member of a population. Current Population Of India 1,065,070,607 (July 2004 est.) Population Density of India 324 persons per square kilometre Age structure 0 to 14 years 31.7% (male 173,869,856; female 164,003,915) 15 to 64 years 63.5% (male 349,785,804; female 326,289,402) 65 years and over 4.8% (male 25,885,725; female 25,235,905) (2004 estimate) Median age Total 24.4 years Male 24.4 years female 24.4 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate 1.44% (2004 est.) Birth rate 22.8 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate 8.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate Total 57.92 deaths/1,000 live births Female 57.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Male 58.52 deaths/1,000 live births Life Expectancy At Birth Total population 63.99 years Male 63.25 years Female 64.77 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate 2.85 children born/woman (2004 est.) HIV / AIDS Adult prevalence rate 0.8% (2001 est.) People living with HIV / AIDS 3.97 million (2001 est.) Deaths because of HIV / AIDS 310,000 (2001 est.) Nationality Noun Indian(s) Adjective Indian Ethnic groups Indo-Aryan 72% Dravidian 25% Mongoloid and other's 3% (2000) Religions Hindu 81.3% Muslim 12% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.9% Other groups including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000) Languages English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the official language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language. Literacy Rate (Definition: Age 15 and over that can read and write) Total Population 59.5% Male 70.2% Female 48.3% (2003 est.) http://www.iloveindia.com/population-of-india/index.html

Population Growth in India

Population growth in India during the twentieth century can be chartered and classified into four distinct phases as follows:

1901 - 1921: Stagnant population 1921 - 1951: Steady growth 1951 - 1981: Rapid high growth 1981 - 2001: High growth with definite slowing down

The story of population growth in India is fairly in tune with the classical theory of demographic transition. During most of the nineteenth century, India witnessed a fluctuating but ultimately more or less a stagnant growth of population, which drifted into the twentieth century until 1921. Thereafter, India passed through successively all the phases of demographic transition and is now widely believed to have entered the fifth phase, usually characterized by rapidly declining fertility. In absolute terms, the population of India increased by a whopping 180.6 million during the decade 1991 - 2001. Although the net addition in population during each decade has increased consistently, the change in net addition has shown a steady declining trend over the decades starting from 1961. While 27.9 million more people were added between the decade 1981 - 1991 than between 1971 - 1981, this number decline to 17.6 million for the decades between 1981 - 1991 and 1991 - 2001. This implies that although India continues to grow in size, its pace of net addition is on the decrease. The percentage decadal growth during 1991 - 2001 has registered the sharpest decline since independence. It has declined from 23.86% for 1981 - 1991 to 21.34 percent for the period 1991 - 2001, a decrease of 2.52%. The average exponential growth rate for the corresponding period declined from 2.14% per annum to 1.93% per annum.

Population Density of India

Population Density is defined as the number of persons per square kilometer. Population density is one of the important indices of the density of population. The population density of India in 2001 was 324 persons per square kilometer. There is a large variation in population

density across India. It varies from 13 persons per sq. km in Arunachal Pradesh to 9294 in Delhi. Among major states, West Bengal is the most thickly populated with a population density of 904. State / Union Territory (U.T.) Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh (U.T.) Uttaranchal Haryana Delhi (U.T.) Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhatisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu ( U.T. ) Dadra & Nagar Haveli (U.T. ) Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep (U.T.) Kerala Tamil Nadu Pondicherry (U.T.) Andaman & Nicobar Islands (U.T.) Population Density (per sq. km) 99 109 482 7903 159 477 9294 165 689 880 76 13 120 107 42 304 103 340 904 338 236 154 196 258 1411 449 314 275 275 363 1894 819 478 2029 43

National Population Policy of India

National Population Policy of India was formulated in the year 2000 with the long term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development, and environmental protection. The immediate objective of the policy is to address the unmet needs for contraception, health care infrastructure, and health personnel, and to provide integrated service delivery for basic

reproductive and child health care. The medium-term objective is to bring the TFR (Total Fertility Rate) to replacement levels by 2010, through vigorous implementation of intersectoral operational strategies. TFR is the average number of children each women would have in her life time. National Population Policy pursues to achieve following Socio-Demographic goals by 2010:

Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health services, supplies and infrastructure. Make school education up to age 14 free and compulsory, and reduce drop outs at primary and secondary school levels to below 20 percent for both boys and girls. Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births. Reduce maternal mortality ratio to below 100 per 100,000 live births. Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases. Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and preferably after 20 years of age. Achieve 80 percent institutional deliveries and 100 percent deliveries by trained persons. Achieve universal access to information/counseling, and services for fertility regulation and contraception with a wide basket of choices. Achieve 100 per cent registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy. Contain the spread of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and promote greater integration between the management of reproductive tract infections (RTI) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) and the National AIDS Control Organization. Prevent and Control communicable diseases.12. Integrate Indian Systems of Medicines (ISM) in the provision of reproductive and child health services, and in reaching out to households. Promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement levels of TFR. Bring about convergence in implementation of related social sector programs so that family welfare becomes a people centered programme.

Sex Ratio of India

Sex Ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males. Sex Ratio is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males and females at a given point of time. It is mainly the outcome of the interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differential in population enumeration. According to the Census of India, 2001, the sex ratio of India stands at 933. This is a marginal improvement from the 1991 Census, which had recorded 927 females for every 1000 males. At the 2001 Census, the sex ratio among the major States ranged from 861 in Haryana to 1058 in Kerala. State / Union Territory (U.T.) Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh (U.T.) Uttaranchal Haryana Delhi (U.T.) India Sex Ratio 900 970 874 773 964 861 821

Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhatisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu ( U.T. ) Dadra & Nagar Haveli (U.T. ) Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep (U.T.) Kerala Tamil Nadu Pondicherry (U.T.) Andaman & Nicobar Islands (U.T.)

922 898 921 875 901 909 978 938 950 975 932 934 941 972 990 920 921 709 811 922 978 964 960 947 1058 986 1001 846

Population Distribution in India

Population distribution in India shows wide variation. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with a population of more than 166 million, which is more than the population of India, the sixth most populous country in the world. Nineteen states of India have a population of over ten million. On the other hand there are eight states and union territories in the country that have a population of less than one million. Almost half of India's population lives in five states, namely, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh. Ranking of States and Union Territories by Population Rank in 2001 States / Union Territory 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Bihar West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Percentage Population 166,052,859 16.17 96,752,247 9.42 82,878,796 8.07 80,221,171 7.81 75,727,541 7.37 Population of Total

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Tamil Nadu 62,110,839 Madhya Pradesh 60,385,118 Rajasthan 56,473,122 Karnataka 52,733,958 Gujarat 50,596,992 Orissa 36,706,920 Kerala 31,838,619 Jharkhand 26,909,428 Assam 26,638,407 Punjab 24,289,296 Haryana 21,082,989 Chhatisgarh 20,795,956 Delhi 13,782,976 Jammu & Kashmir 10,069,917 Uttaranchal 8,479,562 Himachal Pradesh 6,077,248 Tripura 3,191,168 Manipur 2,388,634 Meghalaya 2,306,069 Nagaland 1,988,636 Goa 1,343,998 Arunachal Pradesh 1,091,117 Pondicherry 973,829 Chandigarh 900,914 Mizoram 891,058 Sikkim 540,493 Andaman & Nicobar 356,265 Islands Dadra & Nagar Haveli 220,451 Daman & Diu 158,059 Lakshadweep 60,595

6.05 5.88 5.50 5.14 4.93 3.57 3.10 2.62 2.59 2.37 2.05 2.03 1.34 0.98 0.83 0.59 0.31 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01

Demographic transition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Demographic transition model)

A diagram of the demographic transition model, including stage 5 The demographic transition (DT) is the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson (18871973).[1] Thompson observed changes, or transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the previous 200 years. Most developed countries are in stage 3 or 4 of the model; the majority of developing countries have reached stage 2 or stage 3. The major (relative) exceptions are some poor countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and some Middle Eastern countries, which are poor or affected by government policy or civil strife, notably Pakistan, Palestinian Territories, Yemen and Afghanistan.[2] Although this model predicts ever decreasing fertility rates, recent data show that beyond a certain level of development fertility rates increase again.[3] It is important to note the key differences between developed and less developed countries in understanding the dynamics of demographic transition. The traditional demographic transition began in developed countries in the 18th century and continues in our current era. In less developed countries, this demographic transition started later and is still at an earlier stage in the transition.[4]