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1. 2. 3. 4.

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... INTRODUCTION AND NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ETHERNET / FAST ETHERNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
4.1. 4.2. ..... 4.3. ..... 4.4. 4.5. .... 4.6. .... 4.7. .... 4.8. .... 4.9. ... THE OSI MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... TOPOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FAST ETHERNET 100 MBITS/S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 10BASET HUBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100BASET HUBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10BASET SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100BASET SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 MBITS/S ETHERNET WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SHEET 2 SHEET 2 SHEET 3 SHEET 4

SHEET 4 SHEET 5 SHEET 6

SHEET 6 SHEET 7 SHEET 8 SHEET 9 SHEET 9 SHEET 11

Sheet 11

4.9.1. ... 4.9.2. 4.9.3. ... 4.9.4.

4.10.

10BASE5 (thick Ethernet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10BASE2 (ThinWire, Cheapernet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10BASET (twisted pair) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10BASEF (fiber optic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
100 MBITS/S FAST ETHERNET WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13

SHEET 14

4.10.1. 100BASETX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10.2. 100BASEFX . . . .

............. .............

................ 5.

Sheet 14

Sheet 14 SHEET 15
SHEET 16

TECHNOLOGY UTILIZED FOR THE S8000E NETWORK . . . . . . . . .

5.1. .. INTERFACE WITH P320 SYSTEM DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1.1. 5.1.2. 5.1.3.

5.1.4. 5.1.5. 5.1.6. .

Interface with the C8035 Cell Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interface with the C8075 Cell Controller .. Interface with the CSSF Front End PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ................. .. Interface with the Centralog Control Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Combining S8000E and CONTRONET Networks . . . . . . . . . . Interface with the Controcad Engineering PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18

Sheet 19 Sheet 22 Sheet 23

6 7 56

6.

PRESENTATION OF THE 10 MBITS/S S8000E RING . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 24 .

6.1. 6.2. .. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. .. 6.6. 6.7. GENERAL HARDWARE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. HARDWARE USED FOR THE 10 MBITS/S RING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REDUNDANCY OF THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING . . . . . . . . . . . . DOUBLE CONNECTION OF A S8000E 10 MBITS/S SUSCRIBER S8000E 10 MBITS/S DOUBLE RING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 24 SHEET 25 SHEET 28 SHEET 31 SHEET 32

HUB MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT ON THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING . . . . SHEET 33 SUPPLEMENTARY HARDWARE ON THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING . . . . . . . . SHEET 34

7. ...

100 MBITS/S S8000E RING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 35

7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. .. 7.6. 7.7. 7.8. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HARDWARE USED . . . . HARDWARE USED FOR THE S8000E 100 MBITS/S RING . . . . . . REDUNDANCY OF THE 100 MBITS/S S8000E RING . . . . . . . . . . . DOUBLE CONNECTION OF A S8000E 100 MBITS/S SUSCRIBER S8000E 100 MBITS/S DOUBLE RING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 35 SHEET 36 SHEET 41 SHEET 44 SHEET 45

MANAGEMENT OF ENCLOSURE MALFUNCTIONS (HUB OR SWITCH) . . . . . . SHEET 47 SUPPLEMENTARY HARDWARE FOR 100 MBITS/S S8000E RING SHEET 48 MANAGEMENT OF THE NETWORK VIA THE 100 MBITS/S S8000E WEB INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 49 .....

8. 9. 10.

MULTIPLERING S8000E ARCHITECTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

SHEET 50

POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 52 .... APPLICABLE DATA SHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEET 53 ...

10.1. S8000E NETWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... SHEET 53

6 7 56

ALSPA P320 SYSTEM S8000E UNIT NETWORK CONFIGURATION RULES

6 7

1.

Foreword

The present document describes the topology configuration rules applicable to the S8000E unit network.

2.

Introduction and Notice

The S8000E unit network has been validated by T3 as implementing the Hirschmann range of Ethernet DIN Rail components (Hubs and Switches). The present document therefore covers only this solution. Solutions using Ethernet components (Hubs, Switches etc.) implementing other technologies are not administered by the development teams. This provision applies for the full range of development activities: definition of the topology configuration rules, test and implementation of devices, documentation, datasheets, anomaly management etc.

3.

Definition

The Alspa P320 power plant control and supervision system integrates three networks based on Ethernet technology: The Ethernet site network manages communications between the operator stations and peripherals: the printers, Xterminals, office PCs and modems for remote communications (remote maintenance, access to Centralog variables via Internet technology). It also manages communications between the CONTROCAD engineering PC and the Centralog for the purpose of downloading the views and database produced by CONTROCAD. The CONTRONET network manages the exchange of variables between the servers and the operator stations in the CENTRALOG control room for the purpose of animating the operating views, for the production of operating logs,

storage of variables and communications with alien systems (dispatching or remote access). This type of network is only utilized in CENTRALOG 30 or 50 architectures. The S8000E unit network is used to manage communications between the C8035 or C8075 cell controllers, the control stations in the CENTRALOG control room and the CSSF interface devices (implementation on a casebycase basis for specific interfaces). It is also used to download the cell controllers from the CONTROCAD engineering station, and for the observation and tuning of the control functions. In certain types of architecture, the S8000E and CONTRONET unit networks can coexist on a single physical medium as described in the paragraph Combining S8000E and CONTRONET unit networks. The Ethernet site network, the CONTRONET network and the S8000E unit network may be based on Ethernet or Fast Ethernet technology, depending on the configuration chosen. This document describes only the S8000E unit network, the other networks are described in the document CENTRALOG Configuration Rules.

4.

Ethernet / Fast Ethernet

4.1.

THE OSI MODEL

The ISO/OSI model (International Standardization Organization/ Open Systems Interconnection) is a 7layer model describing the OSI protocols. This model is often used to describe the architecture of the networks and the corresponding protocols. The 7layer ISO model defines the protocols that allow systems to communicate among themselves on each layer. The different layers (or levels) are: Level 1: Physical bit (lowest level). This is the transparent transmission of bit sequences via any medium. Supports different transmission modes, without explicit error processing. Level 2: Data link Establishment of a correct link between the system and the network access, assembly of data into blocks, synchronization of blocks, detection and correction of transfer errors. Level 3: Network Choice and control of the network used for transmission, routing mediation,

connection between networks, multiplexing of physical network access. Level 4: Transport Establishment and maintenance of a virtual link between two processing units (endtoend), delivery of an independent mechanism of transmission from a particular network, attribution of an address to the interlocutor. Level 5: Communication control Establishment and control of the communication session, access control, definition of distribution points. Level 6: Presentation Unified global presentation of information, data compression, interpretation, encryption. Level 7: Application Specific applications (file transfer, message transfer, information systems etc.).

4.2.

TOPOLOGY
The topology of a network is defined by the type of physical connection used for the network intersections. In general, there are four standard connection types, i.e. Bus: in a topology of this type, communication between the network stations takes place over a shared cable. A typical example of this topology is the thick Ethernet cable (10BASE5) or thin Ethernet cable (10BASE2). Star: from a central point (Hub, Switch), a pointtopoint link is established with the network intersections. The Ethernet hub with Ethernet twisted pair (10BASET) wiring connecting all the network intersections is an example of this topology. Ring: as the name indicates, the cable linking the different network intersections is in the form of a ring. The utilization of industry standard hubs or switches provides an Ethernet solution that can administer communications redundancy. Tree: a tree structure is obtained when the hubs or switches are deployed in cascade form by pointtopoint links. The topology implemented in the context of the S8000E unit network is that of an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network in a secure ring structure integrating fault tolerance mechanisms.

4.3.

ACCESS
Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet all use the same access procedure.

One of the features of Ethernet and of the IEEE 802.3 standard is the fact that a large number of stations can use one single line of communication, without any one of the stations controlling access to the line. When a station needs to transmit data, it first checks that the communications channel is available (CS = Carrier Sense): if the channel is available, the station starts to transmit. At the same time, the station listens in to the signal on the cable. If another station has started to transmit (almost) simultaneously (MA = Multiple Access), the signal collision is detected (CD = Collision Detect) and the transmitting station briefly sends a jam signal to inform other stations that the data transmitted is invalid. The transmitting station then retransmits after a random delay. This process is known as CSMA/CD. The use of switches on fast 100 Mbits/s networks enables simultaneous communications by different subscribers, as each section between two switches is considered as a distinct network in terms of access. The implementation of these technologies enables the network to be rendered deterministic.

4.4.

FAST ETHERNET 100 MBITS/S

Fast Ethernet 100BASET is standardized as IEEE 802.3u by the IEEE committee. The physical interface is defined on the physical layer. This is known as the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for 10 Mbits/s Ethernet, and as the Medium Independent Interface (MII) for 100 Mbits/s Fast Ethernet . A selfnegotiation function can be provided for the stations, PCs and switches. This function enables the transmission mode of the subscriber (10 or 100 Mbits/s) to be recognized automatically.

4.5.

10BASET HUBS
Several Ethernet segments thin, thick or other Ethernet cable types can be interconnected by hubs or switches. This allows the maximum length for a 10BASE5 (500 m) or 10BASE2 (185 m) segment to be extended. The hubs also increase the availability of the networks, which are divided into subsegments: hubs thus prevent the interference generated by one segment from being transmitted to another. A hub is a signal amplifier which has more than one (minimum two) network connections. It operates on the physical layer of the OSI model. As soon as it receives the first bits of a frame at one of its inputs, it retransmits these instantly to all its outputs. A hub does not modify data in any way. Multiport 10BASET hubs normally are fitted with 8 or 16 ports (RJ45), and sometimes more. They also have least one additional port available for the connection of a further segment. Stackable multiport hubs are connected via special ports to form a hub stack. There

are two methods of connecting hubs: in the first method hubs are interconnected by means of a thin Ethernet cable. This is possible since the hubs are fitted in series with a 10BASE2 connector. In this case, each hub counts as one hub according to the hub configuration rules. in the second method the hubs are interconnected by means of special bus ports and by very short bus cables. In this case, the interconnected hubs count as one hub according to the hub configuration rules. Hub configuration rules: there may never be more than two pairs of hubs between any two stations, inasmuch as these stations are not separated by bridges, switches or routers. A transmission path is composed of a maximum of five segments and a maximum of four sets of hubs. Each set consists of two pairs of hubs. In this construction, up to three of the segments linking the stations may be of coaxial type. The other segments must be point to point links, to provide inter hub links. The S8000E unit network utilizes RH1TP/FL hubs in the 10 Mbits/s ring topology. The technology chosen enables the standard hub configuration rule to be surpassed. The S8000E ring can incorporate up to 13 hubs (cf Chapter 10 Mbits/s Optical Ring).

4.6.

100BASET HUBS
100 Mbits/s Fast Ethernet hubs operate like 10 Mbits/s Ethernet hubs the only difference being a higher rate of data transfer. The Ethernet standard defines a maximum Round Trip Delay within each collision domain of 576 bit periods. This corresponds to 5.76 microseconds at 100 Mbits/s and 57.6 microseconds at 10 Mbits/s. This value defines the maximum geographical extension of a network within the collision domain. If the signal time exceeds this value, a collision is recognized by default. Thus when fiber optic cables are used along with class II hubs, the geographical diameter of a collision domain changes from 2,500 m for Ethernet 10 Mbits/s to 205 m for Fast Ethernet 100 Mbits/s. The 100BASET standard recognizes two classes of hub: class I hubs and class II hubs. class I hubs have a longer roundtrip delay than class II hubs. Only one class I hub may be located between two connected peripherals for a maximum cable length of 100 m between node and hub (utilization of twisted pair cable). class II hubs have a roundtrip of 0.46 microseconds or less. Two class II hubs can be connected between peripherals for a maximum cable length of 100 m between node and hub (utilization of twisted pair cable). The inter hub link between the two hubs may be no longer than 5 m. However a hub that is cascaded via an internal bus enables the number of ports to be increased without breaking the hub configuration rules. In this case, the hubs are stacked and thus count as one single hub. Fiber optic components can be used to increase the range of the network.

The S8000E unit network uses 100 Mbits/s switches instead of 100 Mbits/s hubs to ensure determinism and provide a flexible network architecture.

4.7.

10BASET SWITCHES
These switches transform the Ethernet bus structure into a bus/star structure. Partial segments with a bus structure are connected together to the ports of the switch in the form of a star. Packets can be transmitted between the ports at the maximum Ethernet speed. The switches can execute several simultaneous transmissions between different segments. The bandwidth of the whole network is increased in a corresponding manner. These switches are used to obtain a deterministic system network architecture. The S8000E unit network uses 100 Mbits/s switches instead of 10 Mbits/s switches to ensure determinism and performance, and to provide a flexible network architecture.

4.8.

100BASET SWITCHES
100BASET Fast Ethernet switches operate according to the same principle as 10BASET switches. Certain Fast Ethernet switches can regulate the transmission proprieties of one or more ports (full or half duplex, 10 or 100Mbits selfnegotiation). Because of restrictions on the length of cables, switches must be used when extending Fast Ethernet networks. The utilization of a switch results in the creation of a new collision domain. In Fast Ethernet technology the bandwidth of the network is increased when switches are used. There are two fast switching solutions: onthefly and storeandforward. In the onthefly solution the switch does not wait to read the whole packet before transmitting. It only needs to receive the 6byte address. This allows the time delay to be reduced. If the receiving segment is busy, the switch stores the packet. The storeandforward solution meets the IEEE standard. Products that implement this solution do not only read the 6byte destination address, but also check the quality of the packet. The packet is only retransmitted if and when it is received correctly and entirely. This process avoids the retransmission of defective packets.

Which technology is preferable ?

onthefly switching is preferable when a very short time delay is needed for retransmission between two nodes. This technology should therefore be used when a large number of variables must be transferred between a small number of nodes on a relatively limited network. the storeandforward solution is advantageous for more complex networks and communication channels because defective segments are prevented from overloading the network following collisions. In these cases, the overall transfer rate is of primary importance and and the delay is secondary. This solution is implemented by Hirschmann RS2 switches. The S8000E unit network utilizes RS2 switches in the 100 Mbits/s ring topology. The technology chosen allows the flexibility of the architecture to be managed. The S8000E ring can incorporate up to 50 switches (cf Chapter 100 Mbits/s optical or copper ring). The Store and Forward solution is implemented by Hirschmann RS2 switches. All variables received by the RS2 switch is stored and its validity is checked. Invalid packets or frames are abandoned (CRC and size check). Only valid variables are transmitted to other subscribers on the network, which prevents invalid variables from overloading the network and reducing overall performance.

4.9. 4.9.1.

10 MBITS/S ETHERNET WIRING 10BASE5 (thick Ethernet)

The 10BASE5 Ethernet cable is also designated thick Ethernet or yellow cable. The physical medium is a coaxial cable. In the simplest 10BASE5 Ethernet configuration, each station is connected to a transceiver and a drop cable via an AUI connector. The maximum length of this type of cable is 500 meters per segment, with up to 100 transceivers connected. The distance between two transceivers must be at least 2.5m or a multiple of this length. The Ethernet cable does not need to be cut to install a transceiver; instead the cable is pierced and the transceiver is connected electrically to the coaxial cable by means of a pin. Since the cable does not need to be cut, network operations can continue without interruption. A transceiver (transmitterreceiver) both receives and transmits data. It handles transmissions without signal regeneration over a 500 m length of cable. It also ensures collision recognition, carrier sensing and the generation of the preamble (synchronization signal). The transceiver also isolates the station and the10BASE5 Ethernet cable electrically. The transceiver is powered via the drop cable from the station. The S8000E unit network does not use 10BASE5 wiring.

4.9.2.

10BASE2 (ThinWire, Cheapernet)

This version of Ethernet corresponds to the10BASE2 standard and functions in principle like the Ethernet 10BASE5, but with a much thinner and more flexible coaxial cable. It is also less costly, which explains the designation Cheapernet. If the workstations and PCs are delivered with a direct Ethernet 10BASE2 connection, there is no need for a transceiver and a drop cable. Stations with an AUI socket can be fitted with a drop cable and an Ethernet 10BASE2 transceiver. Ethernet 10BASE2 minitransceivers can be connected directly to the AUI socket without a drop cable. The main drawbacks of Ethernet 10BASE2 are the maximum total length of the cable (185 m) and the maximum number of stations (limited to 30). The minimum distance between two stations is 0.5 m).

Furthermore, when a station is installed on an Ethernet 10BASE2, the cable must be cut. A Tconnector links the adaptor to each of the two cut cable ends. The Tconnector must be connected directly to the adapter and may not be extended by a coaxial cable. The two ends of a thin Ethernet cable must be fitted with a 50 Ohm terminator (as with other types of cable, the transfer of data is impossible if the two extremities are not terminated). If the cable is open (e.g. during the installation of a new system, or even by mistake) the communication is blocked. The utilization of hubs restricts errors to one segment and prevents their propagation to other segments. The S8000E unit network does not use 10BASE2 wiring.

4.9.3.

10BASET (twisted pair)

High quality Ethernet 10BASET (twisted pair) wiring is used for the transmission of faster signals (e.g. Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet ). UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or SUTP (Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair) cables may be used. These cables conform to the EIA/TIA 568 TSB36 (Technical System Bulletin) standard with regard to category 5 attenuation and impedance. Twisted pair Ethernet cables must therefore in all cases conform to category 5. 10BASET or twisted pair Ethernet wiring uses a point to point type connection with a maximum length of 100 m. A distinction is made between paired transmission and reception lines. There are thus two types of cable: crossed cable, or direct cable. 10BASET wiring is used in the S8000E unit network to connect subscribers to the RH1TP/FL hubs or RS2 switches on the ring.

4.9.4.

10BASEF (fiber optic)

Fiber optic cable incorporates a filament of silicon or plastic matter used to transport an optical ray. Two types of fibers are used: multimode fibers with relatively large diameters generate several modes of propagation, which limits the distance (in general less than 3,000 m), and monomode fibers which have a very thin glass core and which generate a single mode of propagation, which gives them a very high flow rate. The speed of propagation is in the order of 100,000 km per second for multimode fiber and 250,000 km per second for singlemode fiber . Fiber optic cables present a number of advantages: very large bandwidth: in the order of 1 GHz for 1 km, physically small and very light, very low attenuation, very high quality of transmission, good resistance to temperature changes, good resistance to cold and heat, no EMI radiation. However the installation of fiber optics necessitates the utilization of specialized personnel and equipment. Fiber optic Ethernet, like twisted pair Ethernet wiring, can only be used for point to point links. Because of this, fiber optic is principally utilized for links between switches and/or hubs. In general, the cable used is a multimode cable fitted with ST or SC connectors. The maximum length of cable for 10BASEFL components is 3,000 m. The length of a single mode cable may be 10,000 m or more. Multimode 10BASEFL wiring is used in the S8000E unit network to interconnect the RH1TP/FL hubs on the 10 Mbits/s ring.

4.10.

100 MBITS/S FAST ETHERNET WIRING

IEEE802.3u 100BASET wiring is based on the principle of point to point connections. Coaxial cable cannot be used. 100BASET supports three physical layers: two of these layers (100BASETX and 100BASET4) define a 100 m length of twisted pair wiring and the third (100BASEFX) a multimode (2,000 m in full duplex mode) or singlemode (10,000 m or more) fiber optic wiring segment.

4.10.1.

100BASETX
100BASETX: because of the high frequency, requires twopair UTP cable, category 5 or a twopair type 1 IBM STP cable. 4pair UTP5 wiring provides optional utilization in full duplex mode (200 Mbits/s) if this mode is supported by the interconnected devices. Full duplex mode is possible between the station and the switch or between two switches. For 100BASETX, the 8pole RJ45 connector is identical to that used for 10BASE T. The maximum length of a twisted pair segment is100 m. 100BASETX wiring is used in the S8000E unit network to interconnect the RS2 switches on the 100 Mbits/s copper ring and to connect the 100 Mbits/s subscribers to the RS2 switches on the ring.

4.10.2.

100BASEFX
100BASEFX specifies single pair fiber optic wiring (multimode or singlemode. The maximum length of fiber optic segments varies according to the components used. For a switchtoswitch or switch to adaptor connection, a maximum length of 412 m can be attained by using multimode wiring. If full duplex mode is supported, this distance can be extended to 2,000 m. In full duplex mode single mode wiring enables distances of up to 10,000 meters or more to be attained. 100BASEFX multimode or 100BASEFXSM single mode wiring is used in the S8000E unit network to interconnect the RS2 switches on the 100 Mbits/s optical ring.

5.

Technology Utilized for the S8000E Network

The S8000E unit network implements a solution based on one or more Ethernet or Fast Ethernet high performance rings integrating concepts of safety and redundancy based on the principle of fault tolerance. The availability of this solution depends on the configuration chosen: 10 or 100 Mbits/s, optical, multimode, single mode or copper twisted pair technology.

5.1. 5.1.1.

INTERFACE WITH P320 SYSTEM DEVICES Interface with the C8035 Cell Controller
The interface between the cell controller and the S8000E unit network is provided by the Ethernet EEM interface module on the UT364 processing unit in the C80 35 controller. The EEM interface module is integrated to the UT364 and occupies the same slot as the processing unit in the C8035 cell controller rack. The EEM interface module provides a connection to the S8000E network in single medium mode whether the solution implemented for the network is single or dual/ redundant. D & ($)%+.

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Interface with the C8075 Cell Controller

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5.1.3.

Interface with the CSSF Front End PC

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5.1.4.

Interface with the Centralog Control Room

The CENTRALOG control room can be connected to three Ethernet networks depending on the type of configuration: The Ethernet site network manages communications between the operator stations and peripherals: printers, Xterminals, office PCs, modems for remote communications (remote maintenance, access to Centralog variables via Internet technology). It also manages communications between the CONTROCAD engineering PC and the Centralog for the purpose of downloading the views and database produced by CONTROCAD. The CONTRONET network manages the exchange of variables between the servers and the operator stations in the CENTRALOG control room for the purpose of animating the operating views, for the production of the operating logs, storage of the variables and communications with alien systems (dispatching or remote access). This type of network is only used in CENTRALOG 30 or 50 architectures. The S8000E unit network manages data communications between the C8035 or C8075 cell controllers, the command stations in the CENTRALOG control room and the CSSF interface devices. In certain types of architecture, the S8000E and CONTRONET unit networks can coexist on a single physical medium as described in the paragraph Combining the S8000E unit networks and CONTRONET. The interface between the CENTRALOG (Unix Station or PC NT) and the S8000E unit network is provided by a Fast Ethernet interface module. The interface module provides a connection to the S8000E network in single medium mode whether the solution implemented for the network is single or dual/redundant.

6 7

The figure below shows a C10based CENTRALOG architecture:

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Combining S8000E and CONTRONET Networks

The S8000E and CONTRONET unit networks can be combined on a single physical medium. This solution is based exclusively on a fault tolerant Fast Ethernet ring fitted with RS2 switches. The connection between the CENTRALOG and the Fast Ethernet ring is a single medium connection. A single Ethernet port on the interface module in the CIS server or in the CENTRALOG C10 station is used to manage the two combined networks. An independent Ethernet network is required to connect the CONTROCAD engineering station, the printers, the X terminals or other CENTRALOG client PCs. The following architecture is proposed:

Controcad

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This type of architecture is liable to disturb intercontroller communications. The following limitations must therefore be imposed: the number of CVS stations and CIS servers must not exceed 5, the number of cells must not exceed10. In all cases, you should consult ALSTOM before envisaging this type of architecture.

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5.1.6.

Interface with the Controcad Engineering PC

The interface between the Controcad engineering PC (NT) and the S8000E unit network is supplied by a Fast Ethernet interface module. The interface module provides a connection to the S8000E network in single medium mode whether the solution implemented for the network is single or dual/redundant. The Controcad engineering PC (NT) is connected to one of the hubs (RH1TP/FL) or switches (RS2) on the S8000E ring. It is also connected to the site Ethernet network in order to enable of the CENTRALOG views and database to be downloaded and to benefit from printer sharing. If multiple S8000E unit networks are implemented please refer to the corresponding chapter.

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6.

Presentation of the 10 Mbits/s S8000E Ring

6.1.

GENERAL HARDWARE CHARACTERISTICS

The principal qualities of the hubs and switches implemented on the S8000E unit network are as follows: Industrial design Operating temperature range 0 degrees C to + 60 degrees C 24 V DC redundant input power supply DIN Rail Plug and Play installation High availability obtained by utilization of fault tolerant ring structure CE, FCC, UL, cUL, FM certifications

6 7

6.2.

HARDWARE USED FOR THE 10 MBITS/S RING

The S8000E 10 Mbits/s ring is available in multimode optical technology (10BASEFL). The hardware devices used for the 10 Mbits/s ring are RH1TP/FL hubs, which are capable of managing a ring in multimode optical technology. RH1TP/FL hubs (DIN rail enclosures) can be used to connect up to 3 subscribers each. They are fitted with a redundant power supply, and a malfunction contact. An RH1TP/FL hub integrates the following connections: 2 10BASEFL ports for connection to the optical ring using BFOC connectors 3 10BASET ports or connection to subscribers via a twisted pair using RJ45 connectors To manage the ring topology, one of the hubs must be configured as the redundancy manager of the ring.

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The principal limits of the 10 Mbits/s ring concern the topology of the ring: the maximum number of hubs traversed, i.e. maximum 13 RH1TP/FL hubs depending on the variability value measured in bittime units or BTs: maximum BTs = 40 each RH1TP/FL hub counts as: 3 BTs between the two optical ports on the ring (FL/FL) 6 BTs between the optical port of the ring and the copper port of a subscriber (FL/TP) each RH1TP hub counts as 4 BTs between two copper ports (TP/TP) each RT1TP/FL transceiver counts as 1 BT between the optical port and the copper port (FL/TP).

the maximum length between the most distant subscribers is limited to 4,520 meters in compliance with the following rules: the length of a multimode fiber optic cable between two RH1TP/FL hubs depends on the type of fiber used and must be less than or equal to: 2,600 m for a 50/125 um fiber, 3,100 m for a 62.5/125 um fiber, the length of the copper link between a subscriber and the RH1TP/FL hub must not exceed 100 m , each RH1TP/FL hub counts as: 260 m between the two ports optical of the ring (FL/FL) 360 m between the port optical of the ring and the port copper of a subscriber (FL/TP) each hub RH1TP counts as190 m between the two copper ports (TP/TP), each RT1TP/FL transceiver counts as 100 m between the optical port and the copper port (FL/TP), an Ethernet board on a station or PC counts as 140 m.

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Maximum length between two subscribers = 140m + (L1+360m) + (L2+260m) + (L3+260m) + (L4+360m) + L6 + 140m < 4,520m

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6.3.

REDUNDANCY OF THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING Management of the fault tolerant ring
The Hirschmann Redundancy manager is an Ethernet switch that has the facility of surpassing the limitations of normal Ethernet architectures in bus or star topology. As well as managing all the standard Ethernet switching functions, the RH1TP/FL hub offers the possibility of managing a ring (optical) in full duplex mode at speeds of up to 20 Mbits/s. The Redundancy Manager RH1TP/FL hub enables the ring to be transformed into a bus by opening the ring in the case of normal operation or closing it in the case of a malfunction on the medium or on one of the network hubs. The utilization of Redundancy Manager RH1TP/FL hubs is wholly transparent for the operation of the S8000E unit network. Even if the Redundancy Manager is defective the network continues to operate and variables are exchanged between the subscribers that are connected to the other RH1TP/FL hubs. The Redundancy Manager RH1TP/FL hub receives and transmits the real time diagnostics messages from the other hubs on the ring at both the ring ports. Messages are sent with an identifier. The identifier enables the Redundancy Manager switch to count the messages and to manage the state of the network at all times. If a malfunction is detected on the S8000E ring (either the loss of a hub or of a part of the ring medium), the Redundancy Manager RH1TP/FL hub continues to transmit at both the ring ports. However, because of the malfunction the diagnostics messages cannot travel around the full ring. The Redundancy Manager RH1TP/FL hub is thus capable of interpreting the loss of a diagnostics message as a network malfunction.

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When the network malfunction is detected, the Redundancy Manager hub connects the two interfaces of the ring internally, which renders the network operational. Detection and resetting network the to operational state takes between 20 and 300 ms depending on the number of hubs (max 13) and on the size of the network. If the malfunction concerns a part of the ring medium the operation of the ring is not affected. If the malfunction concerns a RH1TP/FL hub, the following types of problem may occur: a problem on one of the two ring ports; the hub continues to function on the other port, a problem on one of the ports or on the medium used to connect a subscriber; communications with this subscriber are lost, a general problem with the hub; communications with the subscribers connected to the hub are lost, but the rest of the network continues to function.

When the malfunction disappears on the ring, the Redundancy Manager hub disconnects the two interfaces of the ring internally, thus enabling the initial configuration of the network to be rendered operational.

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Each optical port of an RH1TP/FL hub is equipped with two connections: one optical transmission connection, one optical reception connection. each optical port comprises two connectors, the first for transmission, the second for the reception. Each optical port of an RH1TP/FL hub monitors the reception of the light carrier from the corresponding subscriber. If the reception is detected as defective at one of the two ports,the wholly defective port (transmission + reception) is declared non operational, whiled the other port remains operational. The optical links between two hubs can be provided by two different optical cables or by a single cable comprising several optical fibers. In accordance with the rule detailed above, if one of the two optical cables is cut, the link between two hubs becomes wholly nonoperational (transmission + reception). In this case messages transit via the other part of the ring and are processed by the other optical port, which remains operational.

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6.4.

DOUBLE CONNECTION OF A S8000E 10 MBITS/S SUSCRIBER

To process special types of architecture, a double connection of a suscriber to the 10 Mbits/s ring can be managed with a double RT2TXR transceiver. The RT2TXR transceiver has: 2 10/100 BASETX ports for connection to two S8000E RH1TP/FL hubs a 10/100 BASETX port for connection to a network suscriber

Site network Contronet

CVS CVS CVS/CIS CVS/CIS

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

Controcad

RH1TP/FL

RH1TP/FL

Unit network S8000E

RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

The CONTRONET and S8000E networks cannot be combined in the case of a 10 Mbits/s double ring based on RH1TP/FL hubs . For further information regarding the utilization of this type of architecture, please consult ALSTOM.

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6.5.

S8000E 10 MBITS/S DOUBLE RING

A 10 Mbits/s double ring can be administered to process special types of architecture. The rings must be connected together to manage the intercontroller communications and communications with the Centralog supervisor. The link between the rings can therefore be rendered redundant by the utilization of two RS2 switches. These two switches are used to exchange variables between the two rings via two redundant (master / slave) links. To manage this redundant link, the two redundant switches of one of the two rings are connected via a special Control Line link (10 Ohm crossed twisted pair cable) connected to the Stand by port of these two switches. The Control Line link may not exceed 15 meters.

Site network Contronet

CVS CVS CVS/CIS CVS/CIS

Controcad
RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL

Control Line RS2

RH1TP/FL

RS2

RH1TP/FL

S8000E
RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL

RH1TP/FL RH1TP/FL

RH1TP/FL

The CONTRONET and S8000E networks cannot be combined in the case of a 10 Mbits/s double ring based on RH1TP/FL hubs. For further information regarding the utilization of this type of architecture, please consult ALSTOM.

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6.6.

HUB MALFUNCTION MANAGEMENT ON THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING

The RH1TP/FL hubs are provided with a malfunction signal connected to a input on a logic board of a field controller of the corresponding cell. This malfunction signal can be used as an application switchover criterion for controller redundancy processing.

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6.7.

SUPPLEMENTARY HARDWARE ON THE S8000E 10 MBITS/S RING

The following supplementary hardware can be used in the case of special topologies implementing the Ethernet 10 Mbits/s ring described above: RH1TP: Rail Hub . 4 10BASET ports (RJ45 connector) RT1TP/FL: Converter . 1 optical multimode 10BASEFL port (ST connector) . 1 copper 10BASET port (RJ45 connector) For further information regarding the utilization of this hardware, please consult ALSTOM.

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7.

100 Mbits/s S8000E Ring

7.1.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HARDWARE USED

The principal qualities of the switches used for the S8000E 100 Mbits/s unit network are as follows: Industrial design Operating temperature range 0 degrees C to + 60 degrees C 24 V DC redundant input power supply DIN Rail Plug and Play installation High availability obtained by utilization of fault tolerant ring structure CE, FCC, UL, cUL, FM certifications

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7.2.

HARDWARE USED FOR THE S8000E 100 MBITS/S RING

The 100 Mbits/s ring is available in three technologies: copper twisted pair (100BASETX), multimode optical (100BASEFX), single mode optical (100BASEFXSM). The devices implemented for the 100 Mbits/s ring are RS2 switches. The types of RS2 switch implemented are as follows: RS2TX/TX RS2FX/FX : for copper ring : for multimode optical ring

RS2FXSM/FXSM : for single mode optical ring Each RS2 switch (DIN rail interface enclosure) can each be used to connect up to 5 subscribers at 10 or 100 Mbits/s. The speed is selfnegotiating (limited to 10 Mbits/s in the case of C8035 or C8075 cell controller type subscribers). RS2 switches use full duplex mode, so the ring delivers a flow of 200 Mbits/s in copper or optical technology. RS2 switches comprise a redundant power supply and a malfunction contact. a RS2TX/TX hub integrates the following connections: 2 100BASETX ports for connection to the copper ring via a twisted pair using RJ45 connectors 5 10/100BASET/TX ports (selfnegotiation) for subscribers via a twisted pair using RJ45 connectors connection to

a RS2FX/FX hub integrates the following connections: 2 100BASEFX ports or connection to the multimode optical ring with SC connectors 5 10/100BASET/TX ports (selfnegotiation) for subscribers via a twisted pair with of connectors RJ45 connection to

a hub RS2FXSM/FXSM integrates the following connections: 2 ports 100BASEFXSM for the connection the ring optical single mode using SC connectors 5 ports 10/100BASET/TX (selfnegociation) for the connection to subscribers via a twisted pair using RJ45 connectors

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For reasons of topology management one of the RS2 switches must be configured as the redundancy manager of the ring. Connecting the RS2 switch in optical technology: +.<#%"&)!% $+%+= $ %& "!%&+"& +% ( #% +%& 6 '!: ( ,#''.8

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The principal limits of the 100 Mbits/s ring concern the topology of the ring and are as follows: maximum length in copper technology (twisted pair): 100 m between two switches whatever the technology: TP: 10BASET or TX: 100BASETX. maximum lengths in fiber optic technology are dependent on the type of fiber optic used: multimode: maximum theoretical length of the ring is 100 Km, maximum length between two switches is 2,600 m for fiber optic type 50/125 um, 3,100 m for fiber optic type 62.5/125 um. single mode: maximum theoretical length of the ring is 2,000 Km, maximum length between two switches is 40 Km for fiber optic 10/125 um.

no more than 50 RS2 switches may be traversed.

It is also possible to integrate several rings connected together. The S8000E network implementation rules are complex and cannot be fully indicated in this document. They are dependent on the components chosen for the configuration and topology of the network (consult ALSTOM).
RS2TX/TX RS2TX/TX

RS2TX/TX

Copper

Copper

RT2TX/FX

Multimode optical

Copper Copper
RS2TX/TX

Unit network S8000E

Copper
RS2TX/TX

RS2FX/FX

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Multimode optical

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Rules for a 100 Mbits/s ring in copper technology:

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Rules for a 100 Mbits/s ring in multimode optical technology:

Rules for a 100 Mbits/s ring in single mode optical technology:

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7.3.

REDUNDANCY OF THE 100 MBITS/S S8000E RING Management of the fault tolerant ring
The Hirschmann Redundancy manager is an Ethernet switch that has the facility of surpassing the limitations of normal Ethernet architectures in bus or star topology. As well as managing all the standard Ethernet switching functions, the RS2 switch offers the possibility of managing a ring (optical or copper) in full duplex mode with a speed of up to 200 Mbits/s. The Redundancy Manager RS2 switch enables the ring to be transformed into a bus by opening the ring in the case of normal operation or closing it in the case of a malfunction on the medium or on one of the network switches. The utilization of the Redundancy Manager RS2 is wholly transparent for the operation of the S8000E unit network, even if the Redundancy Manager RS2 is defective the network continues to operate and the variables are exchanged between the subscribers that are connected to the other RS2 switches. The Redundancy Manager RS2 switch receives and transmits the real time diagnostics messages from the other switches on the ring at both the ring ports. Messages are sent with an identifier. The identifier enables the Redundancy Manager switch to count the messages and to manage the state of the network at all times. If a malfunction is detected on the S8000E ring (either the loss of a switch or of a part of the ring medium), the Redundancy Manager RS2 switch continues to transmit at both the ring ports. However, because of the malfunction the diagnostics messages cannot travel around the full ring. The Redundancy Manager RS2 switch is thus capable of interpreting the loss of a diagnostics message as a network malfunction.

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When the network malfunction is detected, the Redundancy Manager RS2 switch connects the two interfaces of the ring internally, which renders the network operational. Detection and resetting network the to operational state takes between 20 and 300 ms depending on the number of switches (max 50) and on the size of the network. If the malfunction concerns a part of the ring medium the operation of the ring is not affected. If the malfunction concerns a switch, the following types of problem may be present: a problem on one of the two ports of the ring; the switch continues to function on the other port, a problem on one of the ports or on the medium used to connect a subscriber; communications with this subscriber are lost, a general problem of the switch; communications with the subscribers connected to the switch are lost, but the rest of the network continues to function.

When the malfunction disappears on the ring, the Redundancy Manager RS2 switch disconnects the two interfaces of the ring internally, thus enabling the initial configuration of the network to be rendered operational. When RS2 switches are used, the subscriber address arrays are recalculated when a malfunction appears or disappears. The solution used for the S8000E unit network not only protects the link between two switches but also the complete ring network. In addition it allows the architecture of the network to be extended in the course of the project without impacting the network flow or structure.

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Each optical port of an RS2FX/FX or RS2FXSM/FXSM switch is equipped with two connections: one optical transmission connection, one optical reception connection. each optical port comprises two connectors, the first for transmission, the second for the reception. Each optical port of an RS2 switch monitors the reception of the light carrier from the corresponding subscriber. If the reception is detected as defective at one of the two ports, the wholly defective port (transmission + reception) is declared nonoperational, whiled the other port remains operational. The optical links between two enclosures can be provided by two different optical cables or by a single cable comprising several optical fibers. In accordance with the rule detailed above, if one of the two optical cables is cut, the link between two switches becomes wholly nonoperational (transmission + reception). In this case messages transit via the other part of the ring and are processed by the other optical port, which remains operational.

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7.4.

DOUBLE CONNECTION OF A S8000E 100 MBITS/S SUSCRIBER

To process special types of architecture, a double connection of a suscriber to the 100 Mbits/s ring can be managed with a double RT2TXR transceiver. The RT2TXR transceiver has: 2 10/100 BASETX ports for connection to two S8000E RH1TP/FL hubs a 10/100 BASETX port for connection to a network suscriber

Site network

CVS

CVS

CVS/CIS

CVS/CIS

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

Controcad

RS2

RS2

S8000E Unit network & CONTRONET

RS2 RS2

RS2

RS2

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

RT2TXR

For further information regarding the utilization of this type of architecture, please consult ALSTOM.

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7.5.

S8000E 100 MBITS/S DOUBLE RING

A 100 Mbits/s double ring can be administered to process special types of architecture. The rings must be connected together to manage the intercontroller communications and communications with the Centralog supervisor. The link between the rings can therefore be rendered redundant by the utilization of two RS2 switches. These two switches are used to exchange variables between the two rings via two redundant (master / slave) links. To manage this redundant link, the two redundant switches of one of the two rings are connected via a special Control Line link (10 Ohm crossed twisted pair cable) connected to the Stand by port of these two switches. The Control Line link may not exceed 15 meters.

S8000E

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CVS

CVS

CVS/CIS

CVS/CIS

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RS2 Control Line 15 meters

RS2

Contronet and S8000E

RS2 RS2 RS2

RS2

RS2 RS2

The CONTRONET and S8000E networks can be combined in the case of a 100 Mbits/s double ring based on RS2 switches. For further information regarding the utilization of this type of architecture, please consult ALSTOM.

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7.6.

MANAGEMENT OF ENCLOSURE MALFUNCTIONS (HUB OR SWITCH)

RS2 switches comprise a malfunction signal connected to an input on a logic board of a field controller in the corresponding cell. This malfunction signal can be used as an application switchover criterion for controller redundancy processing. #% +%"8 +%+= ( 6

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7.7.

SUPPLEMENTARY HARDWARE FOR 100 MBITS/S S8000E RING

The following supplementary hardware devices can be implemented in case of special topologies, in addition to the Fast Ethernet 100 Mbits/s ring described above: RH1TP: Rail Hub . 4 10BASET ports (RJ45 connector) RH2TX: Rail Hub . 4 100BASETX ports (RJ45 connector) RS2TX: Rail switch . 8 10/100BASET/TX ports (RJ45 connector) RT1TP/FL: Converter . 1 10BASEFL multimode optical port (ST connector) . 1 10BASET copper port (RJ45 connector) RT2TX/FX: Converter . 1 100BASEFX multimode optical port (SC connector) . 1 100BASETX copper port (RJ45 connector) RT2TX/FXSM: Converter . 1 100BASEFXSM singlemode optical port (connector SC) . 1 100BASETX copper port (RJ45 connector) Attention: hubs and converters fitted with 100Mbits/s ports can only be connected to subscribers equipped with 100Mbits/s interfaces. For further information regarding the utilization of these hardware units please consult ALSTOM.

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7.8.

MANAGEMENT OF THE NETWORK VIA THE 100 MBITS/S S8000E WEB INTERFACE
The RS2 switch integrates a WEB interface that can be used to manage the S8000E network from the CONTROCAD PC. The WEB interface uses a standard browser (Netscape or Explorer version 4.x or later) to access any point of the network for the purpose of managing the RS2 switches by means of a JAVA applet that communicates with the RS2 via the SNMP protocol (single Network Management Protocol). The RS2 switch with which the network is to be administered is accessed by inputting the browser address field with the Internet address (IP) of the in the form (http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx).

The principal functions available are as follows: alarm display and record (network malfunction) system information: the name and location of the device etc. the state of the power supplies the state of the dual/redundant link (if double ring architecture is implemented) the switch hardware and software version

configuration of RS2 ports (selfnegotiation, full duplex etc.) configuration of the network.

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8.

Multiplering S8000E Architecture

The figure below shows a typical thermal architecture implementing one S8000E unit network per unit and a unit network for the commons. This figure also shows the interfaces with the Site Controcad engineering workshop used for the observation and download of the control functions and the CENTRALOG control room functions. Automation cells connected to an S8000E unit network are downloaded and observed from the client Site CONTROCAD PC associated to this unit network.

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Controcad server

Controcad client Unit 1 Unit 1 Centralog

Unit 1 CIS

Unit 2 CIS Unit 2 Centralog

Controcad client Unit 2

+
Controcad client Commons

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9.

Power Supply

Characteristics of the RPS 60 power supply module of: input power supply: 115 / 230 V AC output voltage: 24 VDC / 2.5 A maximum intensity: 3,9 A (input current) EMI Packaging MTBF: 740,000 h at 40 The RPS 60 module can be used to power up to 7 RH1TP/FL hubs or 3 RS2 switches.

Each RH1TP/FL hub and RS2 switch comprises a redundant input power supply to ensure improved overall availability of the S8000E network. In this case, two RPS 60 power supplies, powered by two independent sources, must be provided for each group of hubs or switches.

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10.
10.1.

Applicable Data Sheets

S8000E NETWORK
These data sheets are available in English: RS2 switch: S8000E Ethernet Equipment RS2: PTP09A49059 RH1TPFL hub: S8000E Ethernet Equipment RH1: PTP09A49061

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