Homework 8 for Stat 3021 Section 004

STAT 3021 Introduction to Probability & Statistics

Homework 8 Due Date: April 23

1. A magazine reported the proportions of adult American who favor stricter gun-control laws. A telephone poll of 2000 adult Americans, of whom 750 were gun owners and 1250 did not own guns, showed that 250 gun owners and 250 non-gun owners favor stricter gun-control laws. Let p1 and p2 be the respective proportions of gun owners and non-gun owners who favor stricter gun-control laws. (a) Give point estimates of p1 and p2 . (b) Construct 95% condence intervals for p1 and p2 , respectively. (c) Find a 95% condence interval for p1 p2 . Solution: (a) The point estimates of p1 and p2 are 1 p1 = ; 3 1 p2 = . 5

(b) = 0.05, z0.025 = 1.96, qi = 1 pi , n1 = 750, n2 = 1250 pi z/2 (c) p1 p2 z/2 p1 q1 p2 q2 + < p1 p2 < p1 p2 + z/2 n1 n2 p 1 q1 p 2 q2 + n1 n2 pi qi < pi < pi + z/2 ni pi qi ni

2. A fabric manufacturer believes that the proportion of orders for raw material arriving late is p = 0.5. If a random sample of 10 orders show that 3 or fewer arrived late, the hypothesis that p = 0.5 should be rejected in favor of the alternative p < 0.5. Using the binomial distribution. (a) Find the probability of committing a type I error if the true proportion is p = 0.5. (b) Find the probability of committing a type II error for the alternative p = 0.4.

Kuo-Jung Lee 3. Let X equal the length (in centimeters) of a certain species of sh when caught in the spring. A random sample of n = 16 observations of X is 20 15 27 13 16 10 17 14 21 17 30 19 16 23 24 12 Assume the length of that certain species of sh to be approximately normally distributed. (a) Give a point estimate of the variance 2 of this species of sh. (b) Find a 95% condence interval for 2 . Solution: (a) A point estimate of the variance 2 of this species of sh is s2 = 30.52. (b) = 0.05, n = 16, 2 ( = 15) = 27.48, 2 ( = 15) = 6.26. /2 /2 (n 1)s2 (n 1)s2 2 < < 2 2 1/2,(=n1) /2,(=n1) 4. The average height of females in the freshman class of a certain college has been 5.4 feet with a standard deviation of 0.23 feet. Is there reason to believe that there has been a change in the average height at the 0.05 level of signicance if a random sample of 100 females in the present freshman class has an average height of 5.5 feet? Assume the standard deviation remains the same. 5. An industrial company claims that the mean pH level of the water in a nearby river is 6.8. You randomly select 19 water samples and measure the pH of each. The sample mean and standard deviation are 6.7 and 0.24, respectively. Is there enough evidence to reject the companys claim at = 0.01. Assume the population is normally distributed. 6. Some nurses were interested in the eect of prenatal care on the birth weight of babies. Mothers were divided into two groups, and their babies weight were compared. The birth weights in ounces of babies of mothers who had received 5 or fewer prenatal visits were 94 109 110 99 93 114 130 114 96 102 110 114 120 116 and birth weights of babies of mothers who had received 6 or more prenatal visits were 133 108 93 119 119 98 106 87 153 116 129 97 110 131 Assuming that these are, respectively, independent observations of X and Y , which are 2 2 2 N (X , X ) and N (Y , Y ), nd 95% condence interval for X . 2 Y Solution: = 0.05, s2 = 114.25, s2 = 329.26, 1 = n1 1, 2 = n2 1, f/2 (2 , 1 ) = 3.12 2 1 s2 1 2 s2 1 < 1 < 1 f/2 (2 , 1 ) 2 s2 f/2 (1 , 2 ) 2 s2 2 2

Homework 8 for Stat 3021 Section 004

7. A taxi company is trying to decide whether to purchase brand A or brand B tires for its eet of taxis. To estimate the dierence in the two brands, an experiments is conducted using 25 of each brand. The tires are run until they wear out. The results are Brand A: xA = 40, 000 kilometers; sA = 4, 000 kilometers. Brand B: xB = 39, 000 kilometers; sB = 5, 000 kilometers. Assuming the populations to be approximately normally distributed with equal variances. (a) Compute a 99% condence interval for A B . Solution: = 0.01, nA = nA = 25, sp = 4527.7, t/2 ( = 48) = 2.68. xA xB t/2 sp 1 1 + < A B < xA xB + t/2 sp nA nB 1 1 + nA nB

8. Referring to the previous problem, nd a 99% condence interval for A B if a tire from each company is assigned at random to the rear wheels of 9 taxis and the following distance, in kilometers, recorded: Taxi Brand A 1 34,400 2 45,500 3 36,700 4 32,000 5 48,400 6 32,800 7 38,100 8 30,100 9 32,100 Brand B 36,700 46,800 37,700 31,100 47,800 36,400 38,900 31,500 33,500

Assume that the dierences of the distances are approximately normally distributed. (a) Compute a 99% condence interval for A B . Solution: xd = 1144.44, sd = 1363.92, = 0.01, n = 9, t/2 ( = 8) = 3.36 sd sd xd t/2 ( = 8) < A B < xd + t/2 ( = 8) n n