Samantha Roy Ch 5 Preparing for the AP Exam Multiple Choice 1. a 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. d 6. b 7. e 8. e 9. d 10. c Free-Response Questions 1. a.

The human built road in the middle of the forest would majorly affect the animals that migrate from one area to another by foot. It won't affect the birds because they will still be able to fly from one tree to another. But say there are animals that need to migrate but they walk. Then they would have to cross the highway, depending on how busy the road is, they would either cause major traffic jams or not even be able to cross. No matter each one, some of the animals will get hit and die. Not only would cars hitting the animals affect them, but they would also have to adapt to their ecosystem and not be able to change their niche. Thus natural selection would happen and the species would evolve. The fumes that come out of the cars would also kill off some species because of the harmful chemicals. b. One alternate plan to help the ecosystem is to not have the road be a main road. Have a bigger road that is away from the forest be a bigger road. With this road being a "country road" the speed limit would 25 mph which would bring the chance of the hit animals dying down. This plan would help to save the ecosystem as much as possible with there being a road in the middle of it. c. Microevolution is when there is a change within the species at the genetic level. Within the two forests it would be which animals in the species survive better with the new parameters. Macroevolution is when the species themselves changes. As in one species becomes more dominant than another. Within the two forests, the animals that are better suited to the new niches would survive better and become more dominant. 2. a. Drug resistant strains can evolve in a hospital by that their environment

has many more drugs. With all the different drugs being used the bacteria would be able to learn a resistance to them through their reproduction. Bacteria reproduce at a very fast rate, so the stronger bacteria survive and reproduce, thus bringing offspring that are resistant to the drugs. b. Scientists are now concerned that the antibiotic resistance could become widespread and affect how they treat infections. They weren't concerned with it before because there wasn't this large antibiotic resistance, and they had no reason before to believe that it was spreading. c. New drugs could be restricting the fundamental niche of the bacteria by that the bacteria most likely wouldn't have a resistance to the drug yet. Most likely over time they would build up an immunity to them, but in the beginning it would majorly shorten their fundamental niche. d. One possible solution would be to treat the drug resistant bacteria like a virus, and have a new vaccine every so often since the bacteria would be evolving. The second possible solution would be to help isolate the evolving bacteria by having the country make sure that they are taking their precautions and not catch this bacteria, so the problem would be much easier to fix. Measuring Your Impact a. 85 million lawns * .08 ha = 6.8 million ha of lawn b. 6.8 million ha of lawn * 10% = .68 million ha of lawn c. $40 billion * 10% = $4 billion d. 2.2 billion liters * 10% = .22 billion liters .22 billion liters * $0.08 = 17.6 million dollars e. The data suggests that it is more economically friendly to let nature do what it was intended to do. But we like to have our lawns looking a certain way and not letting nature have full control.