从独裁到民主- 解放运动的概念框架

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From
Dictatorship
To
Democracy
(Gene Sharp)

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ii
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iii
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20025
20036
1993(The
New Era Journal)

The Albert Einstein Institution
427 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02115-1801, USA
USA + 617-247-4882
USA + 617-247-4035
einstein@igc.org
www.aeinstein.org
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vi
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()(
)

Manuel Antonio Noriega

Manerplaw

1
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Bruce Jenkins
()
Stephen Coady
Christopher Kruegler
(Robert Helvey Hazel
McFersonPatricia Parkman

Gene Sharp

427
02115-1801
2
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1980

( 19918
)
1

Freedom House
2
1983 55
1993 75
76
73

64
38
1
()
()()
(
)
2 Freedom House, Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights an
d Civil Liberties, New York:
Freedom House, 1993, p.66. 1993 1993 1

79-80
3
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54.5 31%3
38 12
()(
)()()

()

3 Freedom House, Freedom in the World, p4.
4
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()

1990
1993

5
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1879 1880
(Charles Stewart Parnell

.........
......

4

4
Patrick Sarsfield O'Hagarty, A History of Ireland Under the Union, 1800-1922, L
ondon: Methuen, 1952,
pp.490-491.
6
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7
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(
)

8
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9
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(
)

Krishnalal
Shridharani5

5 Krishnalal Shridharani, War Without Violence: A Study of Gandhi's Method andAc
complishments, New York:
Harcourt, Brace, 1939, and reprint New York and London: Garland publishing, 1972
, p.260.
10
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............
6
(
)

1980-1990
1989 1944
Shah
1986 Marcos

19918

6 Aristotle, The Politics, transl. by T.A.Sinclair, (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, E
ngland and Baltimore, Maryland:
Penguin Books 1976[1962] ), Book V, Chapter 12, pp.231 and 232.
5 12 2003 12 211-212
11
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7

7 1311-1375Sidney Tai
Nonviolent Sanctions: News from the Albert Einstein Institu

(Cambridge, Mass.), Vol. IV, No. 3 (Winter 1992-1993), p.3.

12
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WKarl W. Deutsch 1953

8
8 Karl W. Deutsch, "Cracks in the Monolith: Possibilities and Patterns of Disint
egration in Totalitarian Systems,"
in Carl J. Friedrich, ed., Totalitarianism (Cambridge

13
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9

(Niccolo Machiavelli......
10

11
494

(1) (2)
(3)

University Press, 1954), pp. 313-314.
9 John Austin, Lectures on Jurisprudence or the Philosophy of Positive Law (Fif
th edition, revised and edited by Robert
Campbell, 2 vol., London: John Murray, 1911 [1861]), Vol. I, p.296.
10 Niccolo Machiavelli, "The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy," in The
Discourses of Niccolo Machiavelli
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1950), Vol. I, p. 254.

2003 4 148
11Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action (Boston: Porter Sargent, 1973),
p. 75
14
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1956-1957
1980

15
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Achilles

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
16
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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.
16.

17.

17
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18
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54(a)
16(b) 2623
(c)38
41
198

19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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,

24
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12

12 Robert Helvey
25
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26
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27
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28
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13

13Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action; Peter Ackerman and Chris
Strategic Nonviolent Conflict (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1994); Gene Sharp
, Waging Nonviolent
Struggle:Twentieth Century Practice and Twenty-First Century Potential.
29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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1988
1989

34
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35
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36
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37
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1970 1980
1976
K.O.R.
1980

Wojciech Jaruzelski

38
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1989

39
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...
... 14
Ayatollah SLORC

15
14 Aristotle, The Politics, Book V, Chapter 12, p.233.
12 213
15Gene Sharp, The Anti-Coup (Boston, MA: The Albert Einstei
2003)
40
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41
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16Gene Sharp, Civilian-Based Defense: A Post-Military Weapons System (Princeton, N
ew Jersey: Princeton
University Press, 1990).
12

42
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
17 Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action,
Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Boston, MA: Porter Sargent1973)
43
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26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

31.
32.
33.
34.

35.
36.
37.

38.
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43.
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47.
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53.
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55.
56.
57. Lysistratic18
58.
59.

60.
61.
62.
63.
64.

65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
: (1)

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
18

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78.
79.

80.

81.
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83.
84.
85.

86.
87.
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91.

92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
: (2)

97.
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157.

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158.
159.
(a)
(b)
(c)
160.
161.

162.
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198.
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()

"A Note About
Translations and Reprinting of this Publication"
51
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Manhattan College
Rivier College
Dartmouth

The Politics of Nonviolent Action1973
Gandhi as a Political Strategist1979Social
Power and Political Freedom1980Making Europe
Unconquerable1985Civilian-Based
Defense: A Post-Military Weapons System1990
1994
Waging Nonviolent Struggle: Twentieth Century Practice and
Twenty-First Century Potential, 2003
52

从独裁到民主- 解放运动的概念框架

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----------------------- Page 1----------------------

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Freedom House, 1993, p.66. 1993 1993 1

Nonviolent Sanctions: News from the Albert Einstein Institu

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in Carl J. Friedrich, ed., Totalitarianism (Cambridge

(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1950), Vol. I, p. 254.

14 Aristotle, The Politics, Book V, Chapter 12, p.233.

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