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- IRAQ MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION & SCIENFIC RESEARCH

uNrvERsrry oF DUHOK Ft_ulty of Engineering and Appried Science // ENGTNEERTNG coNSULraNr dunpauli -

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LIST OF CONTENTS

1.
1.1

INTRODUCTION
Authorization Site Location and DescriPtion
1

1.2

1.3

ffiditionsof

thesle4lee

2.
2.1

FIELD EXPLORATION
Borinq Samplinq Testinq
3

2.2 2.3

3.
3.1

LABORATORY TESTS
Classification Tests Compaction Test Shear Strenqth and Compressibility Ieqlq ChemicalTests
5 5 5
t)

3.2 3.3 3.4

4.

FIELD TESTS

SUBSOIL STMTIFICATION
Loos of Borinqs
7

5.1

5.2

Underoround Water

6.
6.1

coNcLUqroNS AND REcoMMENDATToNS

Bearinq Capacitv Analvsis Tvoe and Depth of Foundations Tvpe of Cement to be used in Foundations
7 10

6.2 6.3

1'l

Soit Investigotion

Report

Avro City Hoqsing Proiect

1.1 AUTHORIZATION:
This soil investigation report of proposed Avro City Housing Proiect
has been conducted by the Engineering Consulting Bureau (E.C.B.) of College of Engineering of Duhok University. The work was done for the interest of Gulbug Constraction Compuny according to memo. No. 141 dated at 2/1012011 as a contract between the owner and Directorate of Construction Laboratory of Duhok.

The site investigation described in this report presents the results of

physical chemical and mechanical tests that were carried on representative

soil samples. The sub-surface of soil or rock conditions with test results
then was analyzed to establish adequate recommendations for foundation
design and protection.

{.2

SITE LObATON AND DESICRIPTION:

The proposed site project is located inside the zone area of Tanahi

District of Duhok Govemorate, Iraqi-Kurdistan Region. This District

located at about (10) km to the northeast

is

of

Duhok city center. The site

project represents an extension of the Garden City Housing Proiect that

constructed behind the new constructions of Duhok University.

*oailg{'ld

Soil fnvestigotion

Report

Avro City Housing Project

The site area is approximately seems flat,

but, bounded by a chain of

hills with different levels due to mountainous nature; with soils expected to be consisting

of

clayey silt with some pieces of hard stone crystals of

either clay or rock fragments. The project involves a construction of (5) multistory Buildings with

(8-12) stories for development of residential and economical sectors in

Duhok city. The site plan of the project is shown in Figure (1).

1.3

GEOLOGY AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE SITE AREA: In general, there are five anticlines around Duhok city. The major one

is the Bekhir anticline that located between two major plains; Al-Sindy

plain in the north and Al-Sulaivany plain in the south. The other four
anticlines are: (1) the north Zawita, (2) Duhok, (3) Duboun, and (4) Zainiyat.

Geologically, the rocks within the area may belong to one or more of
the following formations :-

o o c

Shiransh-formation; mainly composed of marl and limestone, Kolosh.formation; consists of conglomerates and sandstone,
Gercus -formation; consists gypsum,

of red claystone, marls with

lenses

of

Pila Spiformation; consists of dolomitic and chalky limestone,

Lower Fars -formation; consists of cycles of limestone and marl,

et.d@l$P

a a

Upper Fars formation; consists of sandstone, siltstones and claystones

Bakhtiary .formation; consists

claystone.

of

conglomerate and sandstone and

As shown in

Figure-2, the main geological succession

of the

investigated area is affected by Bekhir anticline at northern part of Duhok

City; that covered by late Cretaceous and Paloeogene sediments, and by Duhok Mountains at southern part of the City which covered by Tertiary

deposites.
r

The climate of the site area is of Meditenanean climate conditions

that influenced by comparatively high altitude of the

surrounding

mountains. The main annual rainfall was about 500 mm for the period (1976-2001), while the average annual temperature for the same period
was about 19.4"C.

2.1 BORING:
According to the request of the owner, seven boreholes were drilled
on the site. Their depths were proposed to be 17m for each of them. But,
due to the nature of hard strata and the shortage of drilling tools

of Duhok

Laboratory such as single or double core barrels required for taking core
samples, the depth of borings were limited between 7m

to 17m below the

natural leveled ground surface (N.G.S.); with total boring depths

:92m.

r*sf$#rors

Soil Investigotion

Report

Avro City Housing Project

Drilling of the boreholes were done by the Drilling DepartmentTeam/

Directorate of Construction Laboratory of Duhok using flight auger with a

drill hole of 100mm in diameter. The boreholes locations are marked on

the site plan shown in Figure (3).
I

2.2 SAMPLING:
During the boring, three types of soil samples were collected; these
are as follows:

(a) The Disturbed Samples (D): which were collected from the cutting of
the auger at specified depths?

(b) The Undisturbed Samples ([D: which were obtained using a thin
Shelby tubes of 100mm in diameter and (400-450)mm in length, and

(c) The (SS) Samples: which were taken from standard split spoon used in a standard penetration test (S.P.T.) that performed at different
I

intervals depending on soil stratification?

All

these samples were sealed tightly

in

plastic bags, labeled and

Engineering College,

transported

to the soil mechanics laboratory of

University of Duhok to perform the required tests.

2.3 TESTING:
The tests performed on each type of the soil samples are as follows:

As a rule, undisturbed
compressibility &sts,

samples

(U) were used for strength and

and chemical
tests.

in addition to classification

Whereas, disturbed (D) or (SS) samples as available were mainly used for

physical and geotechnical analysis of soil as well as chemical tests.

Soil Investiootion Reoort

Avro Citv Housino Proiect

The obtained samples were tested according to the procedure of the

American Society

for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or the

British

Standards (BS) whichever is appropriate. The test program of the samples

includes the followings : -

3.1 Classification Tests:

Sieve and Hydrometer Analysis,

o Nafural water content,

o Atterberge limits,

Specific gravity, and Wet and dry unit weights.

3.2 Compaction Test: Modified Procter compaction test was carried out on some soil
samples

to obtain the maximum dry density

Density:

(ff,*')

and the relevant

optimum moisture content (OMC). The results of this test indicate that:Maximunt Dry
18.5 kN/m3, and

Optimum Moisture Content

17.0

Yo.

3.3 Shear Strensth and Compressibilitv Tests:

r o

Unconfined compressive strength test.

One-dimensional consolidation test.

'Bdru!#@trl'w

Soil fnvestigotion

Report

Avro City Housing Project

3.4 Chemical Tests:

Sulphate Content (SO3-2 )%,

r Total Soluble Salts (T.S.S.),

. Organic Matter Content (ORG.)%,

o
o o

PH- value,

Carbonale Content (CO3-2), and

Chlorides Content

(Cf\%.

4.1 Standard Penetration Test The test consists of driving the standard split-barrel sampler of
I

dimensions (680 mm length, 30 mm inside diameter and 50 mm outside diameter) a distance of 460 mm (18") into the soil at the bottom of the

boring. This was done by using a 63.5 kg (1a0 Ib) driving mass (or
hammer) falling "free" from a height of 760 mm (30"). Then, counting the number of blows required for driving the sampler the last 305 mm (12") to

obtain the N number (neglecting the no. of blows for the upper first 150
mm).

.Doi!il6t!!r@

5.1 Logs of Borings

Depending on the results of laboratory and field tests, the subsoil profile of the boreholes are shown in (Figure'41. k can be noted that most
borings logs consists of subsequent layers of either: Sandy clayey silt up to (5.0)m thick underlain by (clayey silty sand) or (gravelly sand-clayey silt)

soil layers of different

thiclcnesses

with appreciate amounts of calcium

carbonate followed by hard layer of stiff conglomerates (REFUSAL srRArA).

The actual description of soil strata in each borehole are summatized

within the records of tests results.

5.2 Underground Water

No signs were indicated regarding the depth of the ground water table
at the time of boring and sampling which was carried out during October
2011,. Therefore, the ground water table is expected

to be encountered at

relatively greater depths at the region of the project area.

6.1 Bearing Cppacity Analysis

The upper 2.0 mof the soil is not suitable to be a bearing layer due to

some amounts

of soluble

salts and organic materials, therefore, the

o$o./ oI-'"
tihcd@g#trc
q\iridblier

:t'' nddiulto cottuur''

cotuo! 0t B{cllltlllts

' "s

'tt'

G)

Soil Investigotion

Report

Avro City Housing Project

No information was provided about the design loads subjected to the

foundations. Therefore, the allowable bearing capacity of the foundations
should be controlled by the permissible settlement of the structure.

As well as, the obtained values of the compression index (Cc)

found to be varied from (0.028

are

0.410). This value indicates that the

compressibility
settlements

of the soil is

relatively medium and the expected

of the foundations will be the control fuctor for desisn of

I

foundotions.

L. Based on S.P.T. results, the allowable bearing capacity for a

square

column footings of (2.0 to 2.5)m at assumed depth of (1.5 m) below the natural ground surface and due to minimum average N-value /0.30 m

penetration at the footing stress influence zone can be calculated

according to Peck-Hansen-Thornberen equation as: qu,, =

10.5N'= 10.5(29)(0.7) > 213 kN/m2.

> 21.3 ton/mz.

however, due to the nature of cohesive soil of the site, this allowable

beafins capacitv is rather unreliable on the biases of SPT results.

2. Based on the settlement equation on clay

(p=$f)
Eu

for p:0.04

settlement tolerance accepted for rectangle and Strip foundations and

:0.12, then: o*

=*=

o.o4(1000)

2.s(0.r2)

= 133 kN/m2

13.3 ton/rt

.\./
ilqrelr$!}rf,

o
; F: ;

cItu,r$01lionrltl{.

lxcu$tlc cox&ti^[

;ij

tdilu;ibErs":'--:*f

Soil Investigqtion

RePort

Avro City Housing Proiect

3. The allowable bearing capaci!y for the same foundation width or a raft
on clay under 0 = 0o (undrained condition) can be as shown below:
Qarr.nes

5.L,4 C* /

F.S.

5.14 (65 to 90)13: 111 to 154 kN//m2.

15.4 (ton/m2).

:11.1 to

Such fluctuation in the bearing capacity values is rather normal because

of the deep or thick layer of clayey soil observed during the borings.

Therefore, ft3.5 ton//m2) as average net allowable bearins cunucitv

for the oroposed structure can be proposed.

Or more preciselv, the allowable net bearing cupacitv for

each

borehole site can be determined as follows:

12.3, 15.2
12.5, 13.7, 11.3

11.1,14.5

Co[lolol {$ilnq0(llllutl, !

oVa tltSfl8ru;ir

?,:ri,

6.2 Type and Depth of Foundations

The following recommendations can be suggested:

(1) The depth of excavated soil for placing the foundation is recommended
to be about 2.0m.

(2) A compacted sub-base material of not less than 0.50m thick is required

to be placed below the foundations level, each of 0.25m thickness

compacted
Proctor test.

to at least

95Yo

of the maximum dry density modified

(3) Considering the nature

of the building and the soil conditions, the

than 1.1 m thick pluced qt not less

suggested foundations of the buildings must be:

Mat (Raft) foandation not

less

thsn 2.0 m below leveled ground surfuce.

o Squure column footings not less thun (2.5x2.5)m at depths not

less

thun (1.5-2.0)m. The spreud footings should be integrated

with tie besms in order to reduce the settlement effects.

6.3 Type of Cement to be Used in Foundations

The chemlcal tests show that the subsoil profile contains appreciates amounts

of calcium

carbonates, which need

to be accounts for

some

precautions for future conditions as:-

o r

Using Sulphate Resisting Cement plus adequate protective coating for

all reinforced concrete foundation works.

Minimum cement is suggested to be 330, 370, 420 kglm3 with nominal

maximum size of aggregate 40,20,10 mm, respectively.

t0

Soil Investigotion

Report

Avro City Housing Proiect

a a

Maximum free water cement ratio is 0.45.

An external walkways of not less than 2.0mwide around the buildings

are recommended

The ground surface around the buildings should be sloped to provide

adequate ruh off of surface and rain water from the construction area to

minimize future changes

in ground moisture and soil strength.

Minimum slope should be 1.0 percent.

K.on
Dr. Rali'M.
S.

,/ L--:

-<

23-lo-2-1\
AbduUabbar Ismael Abdy Licensed Engineer Soil Mech. & Found. Eng./Univ. of Duhok

Al-Ne'aimi

Consultant Engineer Soil Mech. & Found. Eng./Univ. of Duhok

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(N.G.S.)
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1.0

B.H. No.4

B.H. No.S

B.H. No.6

B.H. No.7

2.0 3.0

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E.O.B. FIGURE (a-b): LOGS OF BORINGS FoR AVRO CITY HOUSING PROJEGT. (Borings Nos 4, 5, 6 and 7)

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