4G TECHNOLOGY

Team: COMMWARRIOR From : Shashi shekhar kumar (shashi.shekhar.sai@gmail.com) Leela vati ( )

Abstract: ---- Based on the study, 4G mobile technology is in a determining and standardization stage. Although 4G wireless technology offers higher data rates and the ability to roam across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks, several issues require further research and development. Since 4G is still in the cloud of the sensible standards creation, ITU and IEEE form several task forces to work on the possible completion for the 4G mobile standards as well. 3GPP LTE is an evolution standard from UMTS, and WiMAX is another candidate from IEEE. These technologies have different characteristics and try to meet 4G characteristics to become a leading technology in the future market. Under these circumstances, this paper will present about the current trends and its underlying technologies to implement the 4G mobile technology. This paper also shows some of the possible scenarios that will benefit the 4th generation technology. 4G (also known as Beyond 3G), an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications. A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given trousers on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC-Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated-wireless solution, and customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband

I. INTRODUCTION

. Technologies keep enhancing to exist... KEYWORD:

wireless access systems have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. Researchers and vendors are expressing a growing interest in 4G wireless networks that support global roaming across multiple wireless and mobile networksfor example, from a cellular network to a satellite-based network to a high-bandwidth wireless LAN. With this feature, users will have access to different services, increased coverage, the convenience of a single device, one bill with reduced total access cost, and more reliable wireless access even with the failure or loss of one or more networks. 4G networks will also feature IP interoperability for seamless mobile Internet access and bit rates of 50 Mbps or more.

About two thirds of these are on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over 120 Billion dollars of revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer supplies phones of the second generation. Earlier in the decade there were doubts about whether 3G might happen, and also whether 3G might become a commercial success. By the end of 2007 it had become clear that 3G was a reality and was clearly on the path to become a profitable venture. On the other hand, 4G has a very short history thus far. It started from the year 2008 and has not been implemented fully yet. Sprint made history in September 2008 when it became the first major US carrier to launch a 4G network in Baltimore. This week

II. History/Background:
After going through the era of 1G & 2G from the early 1900s to 2000, 3G first came onto the scene in the year 2001. The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on October 1, 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). In March the first European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EVDO standard. By the end of 2007 there were 295 Million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base.

it expanded its coverage to three more cities and announced plans to launch 17 additional new markets in 2009.

Short history of Mobile phone technology

Technology Design Began Implementation Service 1G 1970 1984 Analog voice, synchronous data to 9.6 kbps AMPS, TACS, NMT etc 1.9 Kbps FDMA FSTN 2G 1980 1991 Digital voice, short message

DFNA Frequency division multiple access GPRS General packet radio system
2.5G 1985 1999 Higher capacity, packetized data GPRS, EDGE 384 Kbps TDMA, CDMA PSTN, packet network 3G 1990 2002 Higher capacity, broadband data up to 2 Mbps WCDMA, CDMA 2 Mbps CDMA Packet network 4G 2000 2010 Higher capacity, Completely IP oriented, multimedia Single standard 200 Mbps CDMA internet

Standards Data bandwidth Multiplexing Core Network

TDMA, CDMA, GSM,PDC 14.4 Kbps TDMA, CDMA PSTN

GSM Global System for Mobile NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone PDC Personal Digital Cellular WCDMA Wideband CDMA PSTN Public switched telephone network TACS Total Access communication system TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

AMPS - Advanced mobile phone service CDMA Code division multiple access EDGE Enhanced data for global evolution

A 4G network is the fourth generation of wireless communication. While still in development, the foundations for the replacement of the present network is currently being researched and constructed by the cellular phone industry and other technology developers. The overall goal for the network is to provide a comprehensive and secure Internet Protocol solution with much faster data speeds than previous generations.

3G NETWORK
Third generation or 3G networks represent an international standard for wide-area cellular networks that are replacing 2G networks. The main advantage of 3G networks is use of a wider radio spectrum resulting in faster data transmission for advanced multimedia services and a larger network capacity. Carriers can deliver these advantages at a reduced cost compared to 2G network technologies, though physical

ITU Requirements and 4G wireless standards

This article uses 4G to refer to IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), as defined by ITU-R. An IMT-Advanced cellular system must fulfill the following requirements: Based on an all-IP packet switched network. Peak data rates of up to approximately

implementation of a 3G network can be expensive in some cases.

100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements. Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell. Scalable channel bandwidth 520 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz. Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth). System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage. Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks. Ability to offer high quality of service for next

3G TECHONOLOGY
If you want augmented bandwidth, multiple mobile applications and clarity of digital signals, then 3G (Third Generation Technology) is your gateway. GSM technology was able to transfer circuit switched data over the network. The use of 3G technology is also able to transmit packet switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile technologies proffers more advanced services to mobile users. It can help many multimedia services to function. The spectral efficiency of 3G technology is better than 2G technologies. Spectral efficiency is the measurement of rate of information transfer over any communication system. 3G is also known as IMT-2000

4G Network

generation multimedia support.

In September 2009, the technology proposals

were submitted to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates. Basically all proposals are based on two technologies: LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP 802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e.

WiMAX)

III In Detail 4G technology

(A) 4G CHARACTERISTICS
(A) (i) CONVERGENCE SERVICES Fig: Convergence Service development is expected to inspire the trend of progressive information technologies a far from the current technical focus on fully mobile and widespread convergence of media. The trends from the service perspective include integration of services and convergence of service delivery mechanisms. In accordance with these trends, mobile network architecture will become flexible and versatile, and new services will be easy to deploy.

The idea of convergence means that the creation of the atmosphere that can eventually provide seamless and high-reliable and quality broadband mobile communication service and ubiquitous service through wired and wireless convergence networks without the space problem and terrestrial limitation, by means of ubiquitous connectivity. Convergence among industries is also accelerated by formation of alliances through participation in various projects to provide convergence services. 4G mobile systems will mainly be characterized by a horizontal communication model, where such different access technologies as cellular, cordless, wireless LAN type systems, short-range wireless connectivity, and wired systems will be combined on a common platform to complement each other in the best possible way for different service requirements and radio environments. The

(A) (ii) BROANBAND SERVICE Broadband is a basis for the purpose of enabling multimedia communications including video service, which requires transmission of a large amount of data; it naturally calls media convergence aspect, based on packet transport, advocating the integration of various media on different qualities. The increasing position of broadband services like Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and optical fiber access systems and office or home LANs is expected to lead to a demand for similar services in the mobile communication environment. 4G service application characteristics will give broadband service its advantages; 1) Low cost

To make broadband services available to the user to exchange various kinds of information, it is necessary to lower charges considerably in order to keep the cost at or below the cost of existing service. 2) Coverage of Wide Area One feature of mobile communications is that its availability and omnipresent. That advantage is important for future mobile communication as well. In particular, it is important to maintain the service area in which the terminals of the new system can be used during the transition from the existing system to a new system. 3) Wide Variety of Services Capability Mobile communication is for various types of users. In the future, we expect to make the advanced system performance and functionality to introduce a variety of services not only the ordinary telephone service. Those services must be made easier for anyone to use. (A) (iii) INTERACTIVE BCN (ALL-IP) WITH HOME-NETWORKING, TELEMETRIC, SENSOR-NETWORK SERVICES Since technologies are becoming more collaborative and essential. Evolution of all network services based on All-IP network is needed for more converged services. IP-based unified network for far above the ground quality convergence services through active access is what broadband convergence network is all about. ALL-IP or Next Generation Network-IP based convergence of wired or wired backbone network, which may be the most rapidly deployed case of convergence. All-IP technology networking and IP multimedia services are the major trends in the wired and wireless network. The idea of the broadband convergence network (BcN) fit in the provision of a common, unified, and flexible service architecture

that can support multiple types of services and management applications over multiple types of transport networks. The primary purpose of putting 4G service application into more interactive driven broadband convergence network is its applicability for home-networking, telemetric, and sensor-network service. Collaborative converged network will give a more beneficial service and application, especially if it is in broadband computing to the users and its providers. To give more emphasis on this service application, one example is home networking as its applicability binds to give more advantage to the users and the society in terms of broadband connectivity. Far more than broadband convergence network application, telemetric application will put more tangible emphasis on the 4G mobile technology application. (A) (iv) FLEXIBILITY AND PERSONALIZED SERVICE The key concern in security designs for 4G networks is flexibility. 4G systems will support comprehensive and personalized services, providing stable system performance and quality of service. To support multimedia services, high-data rate services with good system reliability will be provided. At the same time, a low data rate transmission cost will be maintained. In order to meet the demands of these diverse users, service providers should design personal and customized services for them. Personal mobility is a concern in mobility management. Personal mobility concentrates on the movement of users instead of users terminals, and involves the provision of personal communications and personalized operating environments. Implementing SDR to 4G offers an advantage benefits to service providers, manufacturers and subscribers as well; such as, for service providers;

 1) Enhance the effectiveness of the infrastructure resources. 2) Superior space efficiency 3) Decrease operational expenditure suitable to reduced need for hardware site upgrades. 4) Decrease capital expenditure because of rise in usage of accessible network elements. 5) Improbable and faster time to market for new service and applications. The benefit of SDR for manufacturers is through a decrease in the number of separate platforms which will be needed for the purpose of the diverse wireless technologies.

Download rates of 100Mbps, and upload rates of 50Mbps for every 20MHz of spectrum Sub5ms latency for small IP packets Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.6MHz.

Coexistence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

3GPP LTE is planned as a development to existing 3GPP standards. The project was aimed as the standard technology for 2.5 GHz 3G extension band.

(B) CANDIDATE SERVICES BEYOND 3G

(B) (i) 3GPP LTE As hype about multiple standards paths in the wireless technology has caused significant confusion in the market, the initiative in 3GPP LTE or the so-called Third Generation Partnership Programme Long Term Evolution is the name given to a project develops the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone standard to cope and manage with future requirements in terms of wireless technology. Objectives include improving efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum opportunities, and better integration with other open standards. Since the project is currently in progress, it has put itself some specific goals, much of which is leaning around upgrading UMTS to a technology name fourth generation mobile communications technology, essentially a wireless broadband Internet system with voice and other services built on top. The aim of the project comprises of:

Compared to UMTS, 3GPP LTE is exclusive and solely packet-switched and IP based which means that circuit switched core network does not exist. (B) (ii) WIMAX AND WIBRO WiMAX is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and this technology is a standard created by IEEE to form the IEEE 802.16 standard Based pm this standard, WiBro is the service name for Mobile WiMAX in Korea. WiBro uses the Mobile WiMAX System Profile. The system profile contains a comprehensive list of features that the equipment is required or allowed to support As a result, WiBro offers the same capabilities and features of Mobile WiMAX. It describes this technology as an alternative to cable and DSL and a standards-based technology enabling and allowing the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access. The aim of the project comprises of: __Peak downlink sector data rates up to 46 Mbps, assuming a DL/UL ratio of 3:1, and peak uplink sector data rates up to 14 Mbps, assuming a DL/UL ratio of 1:1, in a 10 MHz channel

__Support end-to-end IP-based QoS __Available different channelization from 1.25 to 20 MHz to comply with varied worldwide requirements.

regional areas, 802.20 shares with 3G the ability to support global roaming. Like 802.16e, 802.20 supports QoS to give good quality for low-latency services, unlike 3G cellular data service, which is an inherently high-latency architecture

In a prevailing market, operators are more interested and involved in using WiMAX for low cost, low expense voice transport and delivery of services. WiMAX has a two stage evolution steps. First, the expansion of the overall fixed wireless market will not going to happen as a result of WiMAX technology, slow migration of purchasing behavior from proprietary equipment to WiMAX equipment. In adopting and implementing WiMAX equipment, service providers will be skeptical pending and until prices drop to the point where service providers cannot manage to pay to disregard WiMAX. Currently, users will see the beginning of the 2nd stage of WiMAX, which is the dawn of metro area portability. Since 802.16e or the so called Broadband Wireless Access Standards was approved already, laptops and other mobile devices can now embed with WiMAX chipsets, so the user can now have Internet access ubiquitously with in WiMAX areas. So, the WiMAXs 2nd stage might be very disruptive and upsetting to 3G operators and could drive a round of WiMAX network overlays in urban zones. (B) (iii) IEEE 802.20 The IEEE 802.20 or so-called Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) specification is also the first IEEE standard that explicitly addresses the needs of mobile clients in moving vehicles. The design parameters of the specification include support for vehicular mobility up to 250 Km per hour. This criterion will support use in fleet cars and trucks, as well as in the high-speed commuter trains in use throughout much of the world. Whereas 802.16e's roaming support is generally limited to local and Both 802.16e and 802.20 also share synchronous efficiency between uplinks and downlinks, as opposed to the asynchronous nature of 3G cellular networks, which have lower-efficiency uplinks, relative to their downlinks. Higher efficiency uplinks can be beneficial to those business users who must perform large data synchronizations or uploads to central corporate systems from their mobile systems. The 802.20 standard plans to combine a number of the desirable features of 802.16e with those of 3G cellular data networks, while reducing the limitations of both those modalities. Thus, 802.20 solutions will address the need for a broad spectrum of functionality for mobile business and personal computing Implementations.

The difference between 3G and 4G mobile communication networks:

The Cannibalization is a term used to express the fight between technical generations, where the younger generation, with its new captivating features, proves the older generations obsolete in market. The 3G and 4G generation are also under the same stress; however, the verdict is still not out in the market. The 3G technology follows the guidelines set by the ITU; however, it is said that 4G technologies is basically an extension of 3G technologies, but there are lot of different between the two. It seems that the 4G technology is still under consideration, as ITU has still not laid down any guidelines, and this is one of the major reasons that the launch of this mobile technology is facing hurdles.

Specifications Frequency Band Bandwidth Data rate Access

3G 1.8 2.5 GHz 5-20 MHz Up to 2Mbps Wideband CDMA Turbocodes Circuit/Pac ket

4G 2 8 GHz 5-20 MHz 20 Mbps or more Multi-carrier CDMA or OFDM(TDM A) Concatenated codes Packet

Salient Features: Since 4G technology is considered to be extension of 3G technology and hence, they are technically more specified as 3.9G technology. The main feature of 3.9G is that it depends on spatial multiplexing, which is basically an antenna system, used by International Telecommunication Union (ITU), deployed for transmitting and receiving of data. Earlier in 3G there was smart antenna used, but 4G uses number of these antennas for speeding and facilitation of the data transfer process.

FEC Switching

Design specification: The 3G technology is a result of amalgamation of circuit design and packet design. Circuit design, being the oldest, has greater ability to hold the connection for a longer duration. On the other hand the packet design is a wireless technology and is the core part of internet data transmission. The combination of these two patterns helps 3G technology to perform better and faster. However, the 4G technology is kept free from circuit design with an intention to gives nanosecond wings to data transfer. Truth about 4G technologies: In 2007 4G technology was given its first major break by NTT Docomo, a Japanese company. Since the 3G technology was launched in 2001, it was designed with limited features. But it is considered that 4G technology is about to introduce a new dimension to data transmission along with transmitting rate of 5 gigabytes per second. Performance Delivered: Talking about the performance, both technologies offer contradictory networks for transferring of data. In comparison with 4G, the 3G provides 14 Mbit/second of download speed and 5.8 Mbit/second for uploading. However, in case of 4g the speed scales up to 100Mbit/ second, which is fairly high.