Invertebrate Zoology a. Zoology: the study of anim als b. Kingdom : Anim alia i. Invertebrates and Chordates c.

As we exam ine invertebrates and vertebrates, notice how each successive phylum becom es m ore advanced in one way or another 2. Invertebrate Zoology Evolution a. One such trend in the body cavity or coelom i. Acoelom ates: solid body, no cavity ii. Pseudocoelom ates: body cavity not com pletely lined by m esoderm iii. Coelom ates: body cavity com pletely lined with m esoderm 3. Anim al Characteristics a. Heterotrophic b. Multicellular c. Eukaryotic 4. Advantage of Being Multicellular a. allows cells to specialize b. allows division of labor 5. 14 Invertebrate Phyla Here are a few... a. Porifera - sponges i. collectively known as the Parazoa ii. from the Greek poros L passage iii. m ostly m arine (1) only 100 out of 8000 different species live in fresh water iv. why an anim al??? (1) m ulticellular eukaryotic heterotroph with no cell walls 6. Porifera 7. Porifera 8. Cnidaria a. collectively known as the Radiata b. soft bodied anim als with stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their m outh c. com es from Greek word nettle d. m ostly m arine i. only 50 out of 11,000 species live in fresh water 9. Cnidaria a. gastrovascular cavity i. only one opening b. nem atocysts i. coiled, dart like, poisonous stingers 10. Cnidaria: Hydra a. Class: Hydrozoa b. reproduction i. budding and herm aphrodites 11. Cnidaria: Jellyfish a. Class: Scyphozoa b. 1 cm to 6 m in diam eter and tentacles > 50 m in length c. nem atocysts of m ost are harm less to hum ans i. som e painful...som e deadly 12. Cnidaria: Jellyfish 13. Cnidaria: Sea Anem one a. Class: Anthozoa b. m utalism with Clownfish 14. Cnidaria: Coral/polyps a. Class: Anthozoa i. highly productive ecosystem s 15. Bilateral Sym m etry

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two sided dorsal: top ventral: bottom anterior: head (front) posterior: tail

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Bilateral Sym m etry a. ...but also with bilateral invertebrates Platyhelm inthes a. flatworm s b. collectively known as the Acoelom ates c. truly free living i. first anim als that can dictate their m ovem ent d. anterior head i. sim ple nervous system e. still only one opening Platyhelm inthes a. Class: Turbellaria b. Planaria i. regeneration ii. non-polluted waters Platyhelm inthes a. Class: Trem atoda b. Flukes i. all parasitic ii. usually develop in an interm ediate, i.e. a snail, before infecting host Platyhelm inthes a. Class: Cestoidea b. Tapeworm s i. cows, fish, pigs...drink infected water or eat infected food (1) cysts in m uscle of host (2) we get tapeworm from im properly cooked m eat ii. dieting?! Platyhelm inthes a. Scolex Tapeworm Life Cycle Rotifera: rotifers a. Pseudocoelom ates b. Cilia, but also jaws c. Parthenogenesis i. No m ales...only fem ales (1) Males only live long enough to m ake sperm ...then die ; Nem atoda a. Roundworm s: Pseudocoelom ates i. sim plest anim al that has double opening digestive system ii. non-segm ented iii. som e free living iv. found in m ost aquatic habitats, m oist soil, plant and anim al tissues Nem atoda a. m ostly decom posers, but som e are parasitic i. Trichinella spiralis trichinosis (1) undercooked pork ii. River Blindness Mollusca a. From here on we deal with Coelom ates b. Soft bodied anim als that have an internal or external shell c. a lot of diversity within the phyla i. > 150,000 known species ii. snails, slugs, octopuses, squid, clam s, oysters, scallops,

chitons... Cephalopods (squid, octopuses...) i. well developed nervous system and brain ii. closed circulatory system 27. Mollusca Classes a. Bivalvia i. 2 shells (1) clam s, oysters, m ussels, scallops b. Gastropoda i. snails, slugs c. Polyplacophora i. chitons d. Cehphalopoda i. octopuses, squid, nautilus, cuttlefish 28. Mollusca 29. Annelida a. segm ented worm s b. well developed digestive tract and closed circulatory system i. blood with O 2 carrying hem oglobin c. Classes: i. Oligochaeta L earthworm s ii. Hirudinea L leeches 30. Annelida 31. Arthropoda a. largest phylum i. 1 x 10 6 known possibly > 10 x 10 6 ii. includes spiders, ticks, scorpions, insects, shrim p, crabs, centipedes... b. tough exoskeleton - chiton c. jointed appendages d. segm ented body 32. Arthropoda a. open circulatory system with heart b. well developed nervous system i. sensory system including eyes, olfactory (sm ell), antennae also for touch and sm ell ii. m ostly located at anterior end L head c. well developed gas exchange system i. gills, tracheal system s with branched air ducts 33. Arthropoda Classes a. Arachnida i. spiders, scorpions, ticks, m ites b. Diplopoda i. m illipedes c. Chilopoda i. centipedes d. Insecta i. insects (1) rem em ber the orders?!!! e. Crustacea i. crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrim p 34. Arthropoda 35. Echinoderm ata a. 5 part radial sym m etry i. 5 parts organized sym m etrically around the center b. internal skeleton c. tube feet 36. Echinoderm ata Class: Asteroidea a. Starfish 37. Echinoderm ata Class: Echinoidea 38. Echinoderm ata d.

Class: Holothuroidea a. Sea Cucum bers 39. Chordata a. Characteristics i. Notochord (1) flexible supporting rod (a) usually dorsal (b) runs along nerve chord (2) in vertebrates, notochord is replaced by backbone ii. Pharyngeal (throat) slits (1) used to breath with (2) precursor to gills or lungs 40. Chordata a. Characteristics: i. Hollow dorsal nerve chord (1) runs along and above notochord (2) anterior end is usually the brain (3) branches off at various places to different parts of the body ii. Post anal tail iii. Includes tunicates and lancelets iv. Also includes vertebrates, but thats for the next unit............