GB 500571994

198930
GB50057-94 1994 4 18 1994257

1994 4 2000

GB50057-1994

101

100%

201

20.3
202

2.1
21

Q1
0

Q2
1

Q3

G1

G2

H1

H2

H3

10

11

21

22

23

1 Q1 Q2 1

203

2.0.2
R
Rc RRc
10-5 Rc
NP

t1 NPt <<1

R1 expNPt NP

RNP

2l
2

PPiPidPfPfd

22

Pi Ei

Pf

1Pi1Ei
Pid
Pfd
n Pk

Pd = 1 (1 Pk )

23

k =1

1 Pr

2
PfdPr
3 Es 1EsEs
Es

22Pi Ei Pf lEiPfd Pr
Pid Pr1Es WrWr

22

PPrWrlEiEs

24

Pr

Pr

EiEs

25

EiEs
21

24

25

R = NPrWr (1 ), = 1

R
NPr Wr

R Rc10-5

Nc =

Rc
10 5
=
Pr Wr PrWr

26

Nc
3

Nc
N

27

IECTC81 2.2
Ei Es

22

Ei

Es

EiEs

0.85

0.95

0.80

2.0.4

PrWr 2.3
PrWr

23

(
)

PrWr

Nc =

10 5
PrWr

1.610-4

610-2

810-4

1.210-2

22 0.8 2.3 Nc
1.210-227 0.8 1

1.2 10 2
1.2 10 -2
N
= 0.06
N
0.2

N0.06 Rc 10-5
N0.06 Rc 10-5 N0.06

22 0.8 23

6 10 2
6 10 -2
0.8 1
N
= 0.3
Nc 610 27
0.2
N
-2

N0.3 Rc 10-5 N
0.3 Rc 10-5 N0.3
204
0 2.3 Nc1.210-2
27
0 1

1.2 10 -2
N0.012 N0.012
N

N0.012

0 2.3 Nc610-2

6 10 -2
N0.06 N0.06
27 0 1
N
N0.06
60m 13m 2.4
2.1
1.1k 1

311

220380V

220380V

1990
IEC102411990 IEC1024l
IEC

312 IEC10241
3.
3.1
3.l.l

3.1.2

b 20m 20m
2.2.3

c 3.2

b c

3.1.3

3.1.5
3.1.2

TN
PE PEN

3.3

321

Pa kPa
3.2.1 kPa
6

1.01325105Pa1.01325102kPa

hx

U = U R + U L = IRi + L0 hx

di
dt

31

S al =

IRi
+
ER

L0 h x

di
dt

32

EL

URkV

ULkV
Ri

di
kAs

dt
I hA

1.5Hm
L0Hm
ERkVm 500kVm

ELkVm
6.l 6.3

IECTC81 E L = 600(1 +
6.1 T1 10 s E L = 600(1 +

E L = 600(1 +

1
) = 660 kV m 6 2 T1 0.25 s
10

1
) = 3000 kVm
0.25

6.1 32

S al =

1
) kVm
T1

di 1 200
= =
= 20 kA s
dt T1
10

200 Ri 1.5 hx 20
+
= 0.4 Ri + 0.0455hx Sal 0.4Ri0.04hx
500
660

Sal 0.4Ri0.1hx

33

3.2.1l
6.2 32

S al =

50
di 1
= =
= 200 kAS
dt T 0.25

50 Ri 1.5 hx 200
+
= 0.1Ri + 0.1h x
500
3000
7

Sal0.1Rihx

34

3.2.l2
3334 0.4Ri0.04hx 0.1Ri0.1hx hx 5 Ri hx
3334 hx5Ri
3433
5Ri
hx 5 Ri
87 1983 Lightning
2 RHGolde 1977 2001000kVrn 600kV
m 500kVm 6.1 I200kA

S el

IRi 200 Ri
=
= 0.4 Ri
500
500

Sel0.4Ri

35

3.2.l3
20m 50150m 310
6390 Sal Sel
Sal Sel
Sa2
UURUL1UL2 S a 2 =

S a2

U R U L1 + U L 2

+
ER
EL

di
l
1
Ri ( L01 h + L02 ) dt
2 2
= 2
+
ER
EL

36

IURdidtEREL
UL1kV

UL2kV
L01Hm 8mm 20m L01
1.69Hm
35mm2 20m L021.93
L02Hm
Hm
6.l 36

S a2

l
(1.69h + 1.93 )10
100 Ri
l
l
2
=
+
= 0.2 Ri + (0.0256h + 0.0292 ) 0.2 Ri + 0.03(h + )
500
660
2
2

l
S a 2 0.2 Ri + 0.03(h + )
2

37

3.2.14
6.2 36

l
l
S a 2 = 0.05 Ri + (0.0563h + 0.0643 ) 0.05 Ri + 0.06(h + )
2
2

l
S a 2 0.05 Ri + 0.06(h + )
2

38

3.2.15
3738 0.2 Ri + 0.03( h +

l
l
l
) = 0.05 Ri + 0.06(h + ) (h + ) = 0.5 Ri
2
2
2

3738 2 l1 l2
l1 3.2.163.2.l7
3.l

10 10

322

100mm 30m
100mm

300mm 3m
UkV U = M l

U
d=
=
EL

M l

di
dt

EL

di
d
dt

39

lm
30m

di
kAs 3.2 200kAs
dt
M 1m 300mm Hm
M0.019
Hm
9

ELkVm
3.2.1 3000kVm
39

d=

0.019 30 200
= 0.038 m
3000

300mm 0.038m 100mm

M

0.03 5
3.3

10

323

10

m 2 4.3.4

15m 1.5
10m1.5 15m

324 3.2.1

IEC1024 1
101525m
6m 6m 121825m

12m

U = IR + L

di
IR
dt

IEC1024l 2.3.3.2 B

32 2 B
r l1 rl1l1 2
3.2
l1 r
lr lr l1r lv l v =

l1 r

A r r2 A r =

11

 32500m l1 m 1
5003000m l1 l1
l1 =

11 3600
2
380

R r l1 5003000m
3313500m R0.067
R =

2
d = 1.13 A m
3d

mf
A m2500md10m R =
500md = 2(

2 500
= 33
3 10

11 3600
2 3000 380
3000 380
) R =
=
= 12.9 13
380
3 2(11 3000 3600) 2 29400

hr 30m 5.2.l30m
1 6m
5m5m 6m4m 4m
12m

IEC10241 3.1.5 3.1.2

IEC 6kV

20kA l 20kV
12

 20kV 6kV

325
2m
2m 5m

331 10m

10m
IEC1024l
10m10m 5.2.l 10m10m 12m8m
6m

332
3.2.l

hr 5.2.1

333 3.2.4

18m

334 3.2.1 500kVm

6.1 150kA kc S e 2

k c TRi 150k c Ri
=
= 0.3k c Ri
500
500

kc
335

IEC10241 2.1.4

2.2.5

2.3.6

2.5

13

1980 86SD566

100200m

3.3 520

150200 1980 200

m

28000
W 2.6

310

W6 =

28000
28000
= 265 m W7.5 =
= 149 m
2.6
6
(7.5) 2.6

20 56

4
3.5
3.5 3.3 4
14

8000m2 0.20.4 0.40.6

35m
0.21.8
0.284 26m
2000 m2 0.7
1963 7
14.55.5
235
32
47
50.5

1984 4

3mm

6mm 3mm 4mm

100m S100m 33

1
510

TGL33373011981 2

1987

10mm

60 80
100

80100 80
40
15

 IEC 364554

S=

I 2t
=
k

I 2t

20 i 2 dt
f i
Qc ( B + 20) ln(1 +
)
B +i

I2t k c2 i 2 dt

S = kc

20 i 2 dt
f i
)
Qc ( B + 20) ln(1 +
B +i

311

S mm2
QcJ mm2 3.8 10-3
B 0
202
20 20mm13810-6
i40
f 80
311

S = 3.27 10 2 k c

dt

312

3.1 3.3.4

dt = 5.6 10 6 kc0.66

i 2 dt = 2.5 10 6 kc1

kc i 2 dt 312S51.1mm2 806mm
S51.7mm2 8.11mm
kc 1 S77.38mm2 9.93mm
kc0.66kc1 60
9.56mm

S77.9mm29.5mm S71.78mm2
10mm
30 0.8m
30 30
99
1.32106 J m2
3.3.6

5.6 10 6 k c2
= 4.24k c2
1.32 10 6

2.5 10 6 k c2
m

= 1.89k c2 m2
6
1.32 10
2

16

81012mm 12mm

100m 2

20 m

20m
60m 60m kc0.44 56
28 28 14
40m 20m 40m
0.440.140.140.72
2

72 4.24k c 1.89 k c kc 0.72

40m 60m 40m kc 1 40m
40m kc1

3.4

10mm

48kA
61kA

17

 336
IEC10241 2.3.3.2 3.2.4
A r =
R R =

= 5m 3000 m

2
0.067

3d

5 A78.54m2 A 80m2

1 2
3
1

30 99 5
1 Q1

Q1Jm3C10.05 C2M1T

313

C1JkgK
8.82 102
4.19103
C2JkgK
2.1103
M1 1 kgm3
T 30 99T69
313 Q11.58108 Jm3
1m2 1

Q2 = i 2 dt = i 2 dt

314

3099 120m

Q2Q1 i dt 1.58108
2

1.58 10 8
6
2
i dt = 120 = 1.32 10 = 1.32 MJm
2

MJm2 1m2
1.32MJ

2
3.1 i dt 5.6MJ 2.5MJ

kc 3.3.4 C
kc0.44 5.6(0.44)21.084 MJ
2.5(0.44)2 0.484MJ

18

i dt 1.32MJm 2
m2

1.084
= 0.82
1.32

0.484
= 0.37 m2
1.32

3.4

10 0.01m 2m 0.02m2

2000
= 10 10
200

0.2m2

12 0.012m 3.2m 3.20.0120.0384m2

3200
= 16
200

12 160.03840.6144m2
0.20.61440.81442.56m2
337
338
3.2.113.2.12 3.1 3.2
0.75

150
37.5
= 0.75
= 0.75 0.75
200
50

kc3.3.813.3.82
kc 3.3.4 IEC10241 3 4 5kc
IEC kc 20m
18m 25m IEC kc
kc
25m IEC kc 25m kc
kc IEC kc
3.3.833.3.82

IEC10241
3.1.2
19

 12 IEC10241 9
etz1986 107 1

12

3.2.4

339
3.2.3
1 15m 50m
50m 3.2.3

25m

3310

hr

45m
hr 45m 5.2.l

341 20m

343 3.3.5
344 3.3.6
346 60m 60m60m
60m
3.3.10
4.1.4
0.5mm
0.5mm
20

347 3.2.4 3.3.3

348 3.1 3.2 2
3

100 2 50 2
=
= 3.3.8l3.3.823.3.83 23
150 3 75 3

3.4.8l
3.4.823.4.83 3.2.4 3.38

349
70
19561963 74 71.6 19561957
224 120

40kV

IEC 6 kV

1990 5 1
2
3 30

50

3410 hr 60m 5.2.1

45m 60m 3.3.10

354

di
di
= M L LM
dt
dt

355

21

N 0.06 a

hr100mhr100m 34kA
Ae hr100m

100m
356

411

1
4.l
50

KNm2
1m

2m

41

12

2.66

20

12.32

16

0.79

20

1.54

25

2.43

40

5.57

412

414 IEC10241
4mm

Uc
30V
WUcQ Q
As
As
Fe

V
mm 3
V
mm 3
V
mm 3
4.4
Cu 5.4
AI
12

Q
AS
Q
AS
Q
AS

50100mm 19637854mm2 Q

50 80 As 8As
Fe 0.0450.179mmCu 0.0550.22mmAI 0.1220.489mm
3.1 225 As 150As
Fe 0.1270.503mmCu0.1550.619mmAI0.343l.375mm Fe 0.0840.336mm
22

Cu 0.1030.413mmAI 0.2290.917mm
416
417

421 4.1.2
422

425 1.8
1.7m

431

432
5m 0.750.85

433

0.50.8m

50mm

3m
434
IEC 81Secretariat131984 1 TC81 4

lmax
lmin lmax lmin
lmax4

lmin0.7

l max + l min
= 2.35 2
2

50m 2000m
1000m 2000m 2 2000 89.4m 50m 39.4m
1000m 2000m 1000m

23

 l1 = l 2

1
1000
l1 = 39.4
= 27.9 m 502 7.97 7.9m
2000
2

89m

521 5.2.1 IEC10241 2.1.2 1

IEC10241
2.1.2 1
abc

IEC B

hr = 2 I + 30(1e

1
6.8

51

hr = 10 I 0.65

52

hr
m

I hr kA

24


hr 52 I = (

hr 1.54
) 5.2.1 hr
10

I5.4kAhr45mI10.1kA
hr30m
I15.8kA
hr60m

3.3.10 3.4.10

5.2.l

25

Ng Td
N g = 0.024Td IECTC81 Ng Td
1.3

N g = 0.023Td1.3
Ae
1 100m 100m 100m

I =(

I
100 1.54
) = 34.7 kA lg P =
P50 I32.5kA
108
10

1.4
H ( 200 H ) H
100m
100m
H5m 5( 200 5) = 31.2 m H 6 H10m
10( 200 10) = 43.6 m H 4.4 H20m 20( 200 20) 60m H
3 H40m 40( 200 40) 80m H 2 H80m

80(200 80) 98m H 1.2

2 100m 100m 100m
100m
Ae
Ae
a

3l A a 1
2

26

 2 1 3.l

3.1
1 A1 1
a1
2 l 500m a0.67 A1.5
13.5m le2

27

44.7m

l 13.5
l
=
= 0.3 1 1 a A
l e 44.7
le

0.3 1 1.5 1 1000m 2000m A

1000ma0.5 A2 l 13m l e = 2 1000 = 63m

l 13
=
= 0.2 2000 m a 0.33 A 3 1 l 8m
l e 63

l e = 2 2000 = 89m

l
8
=
= 0 .1
l e 89

4.3.4
100m 2

20m

20m

5.2.1

4.5 a
2hrhhr hr

4.5 b hhr
1993 3

kc

5.1

5.2
kc1

5.2 h1hm n

28

100m 3

2 3 6.1
29

4 5 7.1

12G1I PE
G2II PE

U1U2
d1G2 d1=1mhh=20m
lSW

4
U2 U3
30

 I 4 a
10m
7.l a 7.l a
U1 G2 S

U 1 = 0.75 l 100 a / h = 0.75 6 100 10 / 20 = 318kV

lm

U1 7.1

W10.56l2000ah0.566200010203.36kJ
U2 7l b 7.1 b

U 2 = 0.75 l 2 a / h = 0.75 6 2 10 / 20 = 8.5kV

71

W10.56lah0.56610201.68kJ
5 I
I 7.l

U 1 = 0.75 l 2 1 / h = 0.75 6 2 1 / 20 = 2kV

W10.75l1.51h0.5661.51200.25J
U20.75l0.11h0.7560.112022.5V
W20.56l0.0021h20.5660.0021400
I U1
4 U2 5 U3

U3 I
5 U2
5 U3 U12kV
PE I
U1

SPD IEC61643l1998Surge
protective devices connected to lowvoltage power distrlbution systemsPart lPerformance reuuirements
and testing methods 1

31