Courses In Electrical Engineering

Volume III ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC TECHNNOLOGY THIRD SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION

By Jean-Paul NGOUNE DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics) DEA (Electrical Engineering) Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON Peace Work Fatherland GTHS KUMBO/ ELECT DPT

THIRD SEQUENCE EXAM Class: F37 Option: Electrotechnology Duration: 03H Coefficient: 2 Written paper

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY

No document is allowed except the one given to the candidates by the examiners.

PART ONE : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION I. Generation :

1. Give two advantages and two disadvantages of wind power generation over nuclear power generation. 2. Define renewable energy. Apart from wind energy; cite three other forms of renewable energy. 3. According to you, why has Cameroon chosen hydroelectricity as the main method of power generation? 4. Name in Cameroon: a) an interconnection substation, b) A distribution station. 5. Give in MW, the power of the following generating stations: a) The hydroelectric generating station at Songloulou; b) The coal fired thermal station at Oyomabang; c) The thermal generating station at Bamenda.

II.

Electrical wiring system.

1. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each of the following systems: a) Overhead wiring system; b) Underground wiring system. 2. Explain the reasons for the use of high voltage (HV) for the transmission of electrical energy. 3. A conduit carries the following symbol: ICO5APE16. Give the meaning of each indication. 4. Name two rooms of a domestic house where it is forbidden to use wooden skirting trunking. 5. Give the size of conductor that can be used to supply the following loads:
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

a) incandescent lamp; b) water heater c) electric cooker

III.

Safety

1. Give two methods used for the protection of persons against electrical shocks resulting from direct contact. 2. In the neutral regime IT: a) Which device is used for the protection of the network against overload? b) Which device can be used to detect the first insulation fault? c) Which procedure can be used to allocate the first insulation fault?

PART TWO: POWER ELECTRONICS 1. Name three application areas of power electronics. 2. Name three criteria of selection of a Zener diode. 3. Name three elements that facilitate the selection of a power diode. 4. Name two methods of triggering thyristors. 5. What is the difference between natural switching and controlled switching? 6. What are the advantages of controlled switching over natural switching? 7. Consider the single phase rectifier of the figure below.
v(t) i
D

Vd

Uc

T 0
E

T/2

a) Draw in synchronism with v, the waveforms of Uc(t), i(t) and Vd(t). b) Give the expression of the maximum reverse voltage supported by the diode.

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

PART THREE: ELCTRICAL MACHINE CONTROL

1. The name plate of a three phase squirrel cage motor contains the following information: 220V/380V-50Hz; Cos
0 .8 ; 90% ; 22kW. The motor is used to drive

a wagon which carries logs of wood. The supply network is from AES-SONEL of 220/380V+N. a) Define each parameter found on the nameplate. b) Can this motor support star-delta starting? Justify you answer. c) Name one possibility which can be used to limit the transient phenomenon occurring during the passage from star to delta connection of the star-delta starting. d) Give two methods that can be used for breaking this motor. 2. Give the role of the squirrel cage found on the stator of some three phase alternator. 3. Which advantage does a deep slots or double cage induction motor have over a normal induction motor? 4. Universal motor: a) explain the functioning of this motor. b) Give one domain of application of this motor. 5. PLC: a) Give the meaning of PLC. b) Define the capacity of a PLC and precise its unit. c) In which type of memory the instructions of a PLC are stored?

Subject Masters: Mr. AYUK Daniel, PLET. Mr. NGOUNE Jean-Paul, PLET.

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

Almost all the exercises solved in this document are past Baccalaurat Technique examination questions proposed by the Cameroon General Certificate of Education Board (CGCEB).

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

PROPOSITION OF SOLUTION

PART ONE: ELECTRICAL NSTALLATION I. Generation 1.a. Advantages of wind power generation over nuclear power generation: Wind energy is plentiful and inexhaustible (cannot end). It is renewable and non polluting. It requires a low running cost.

1.b disadvantages: Wind energy is unreliable (because sufficient speed of wind is not always available). The amount of power produced is far less than that can be produced by nuclear energy plant. The connection of wind farms to the national grid always requires sophisticated electrical and power electronic devices (the frequency of the network is constant when that of wind turbines is fluctuant)

2. Renewable energies are energies that cannot exhaust because their sources are naturally renewed. Other forms of renewable energies apart from wind energy are: Solar energy; Hydro energy; Geothermal energy; Biogas; Ocean energy (tidal) Fuel cells ( supplied by hydrogen produced from electrolysis using renewable electricity) 3. Cameroon has chosen hydroelectricity as the main method for power generation because of the availability of many important rivers in Cameroon (Cameroon has the second hydro potential in Africa, just behind the DRC). On the other hand, hydropower plants do not require high running costs. 4. Interconnection substations in Cameroon are: Mangombe, Bekoko,

Oyomabang, Logbaba... Distribution substations are Limbe, Bafossam, Mbalmayo, Kumbo

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

5. Power of generating substation:

Generating stations Hydro station at Song-loulou Thermal station at Oyomabang Thermal station at Bassa Thermal station at Bamenda

Power in MW 384MW 40x0.8 = 32MW 25x0.8 = 20MW 20MW

II. Electrical wiring system: 1.a Advantages and disadvantages of overhead wiring. Advantages Low inductance Low cost Easy installation Disadvantages Frequent cut of lines Affected by lighting Lack of aesthetics Exposed conditions to atmospheric

1.b Advantages and disadvantages of underground system. Advantages Does not disturb air navigation; Not affected by lighting, falling trees, Low amount of power failure disadvantages Difficult and costly installation, Need installation map before

maintenance can take place, Difficult to extend the network. High capacitance.

2. Energy is transmitted in high voltage in order to reduce copper losses along the lines. As consequence, we have the following advantages: Less cross sectional area of conductors can conveniently be used because current is not much; Increases transmission efficiency; Permits interconnection between electrical networks of neighbouring countries.

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

3. Signification of the symbol ICO5APE16: I: Insulating material C: Flexible, bendable, O: ordinary, 5: Protection against mechanical constraint A: Resistant to chemical effect, P: Non propagation of flame, E: Resistance to water or moisture, 16: External diameter of conduit.

4. Wooden skirting trunking should not be used in the following rooms: Lavatory toilet; Bath rooms; Kitchen.

5. Size of conductors required for loads: Appliance Incandescent lamp Water heater Electrical cooker Size of conductor III. Safety. 1. Two methods of protection of persons against direct contacts. Appropriate and double insulation; Extra low voltage use. 1.5mm2 2.5mm2 4mm2 or 6mm2

2.a In the neutral regime IT, the device which is used to protect the network against overload is a circuit breaker or a fuse. 2.b The device that can be used to detect the first insulation fault is Permanent Monitory Device (IMD) or a permanent isolation controller. 2.c The procedure used to allocate the first isolation fault consist of using a mega-ohmeter to measure the resistance between each line and the mass, so as to detect an eventual isolation fault.

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

PART TWO: POWER ELECTRONICS 1. Application areas of power electronics Machine control; Power transmission; Transport (Tramways, high speed trains) Electronic and electric appliances

2. Three criteria of selection of Zener Diode: Zener voltage; Power dissipated; Reverse current; Coefficient
VZ . IZ

3. Elements facilitating the selection of a power diode: Maximum reverse repeatitive voltage (VRRM) Maximum forward current (IFM) Junction temperature (Tj) Reverse recovery time (trr)

4. Two methods of triggering thyristors. VAK>0, and a sufficient gate current is available (Ig>Igm), VAK>VBO, VBO being the break over voltage (voltage above which the thyristor conducts without being fired. High
dv di or ; dt dt

5. For natural switching, the switch is opened or closed depending only on the voltage across it; for controlled switching, the switch is closed only when in addition to the voltage being positive across it, a control signal is sent to it.

6. Advantages of controlled switching over natural switching. Flexibility (large range of variation of quantitative performances of controlled converters depending on the firing angle); Efficiency greater than that of non controlled switches.

7. Let us consider the rectifier circuit below:

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

v(t) i
D

Vd

Uc

T 0
E

T/2

a. Waveforms of v(t), uc(t), i(t) and vd(t) in synchronism.

v(t) E

T/2

uc(t) i(t) E

0 vd(t) 0 -E

t t

b. The maximal reverse voltage supported by the diode is Vdmax = Vmax + E. PART THREE: ELECTRICAL MACHINE CONTROL 1.a Definition of each parameter 220V: Voltage that one winding can support; 380V: Voltage that two windings can support; 50Hz: Supply frequency;
cos : Power factor;

: Efficiency;

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

22kW: Useful or output power.

1. b No, motor cannot support star-delta starting because, when switched to delta, the supply voltage will be more than the voltage supported by one winding.

1.c Transcient phenomenon can be limited when passing from star to delta connection by inserting delta resistances in the star-delta starting ( the process of starting become as follows: Star Delta resistance Delta).

1. d Two methods for breaking this motor are : Injection of direct current, Counter current method.

2. The role of the squirrel cage found on the stator of some three phase alternator is to assist the stator of the alternator. 3. Advantages of deep slots or double cage induction motor over a normal induction motor. Reduction of starting current; Improvement of starting torque.

4. a. An universal motor is a series motor works both in ac and dc. 4.b. Domains of application of universal motors: Machine tools; Cleaner; Drill;

5.a PLC = Programmable Logic controller; 5.b The capacity of a PLC is the amount of instructions that the PLC can store. The unit of measurement is the kilobit (kb). 5.c. The types of memories in which the instructions of a PLC can be stored are: EPROM or EEPROM.

END

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR NGOUNE Jean-Paul is the HOD of the electrical department of GTHS KUMBO. He is teaching this year in the following subjects: Power electronics, Electrical Machines, Digital and Analogue Circuits, ElectricityElectronics, and Automation. Any suggestion or critic is welcome

NGOUNE Jean-Paul, PLET, DEA.(Electrical Engineering). P.O. Box: 102 NSO, Kumbo, Cameroon. Phone: (+237) 7506 2458. Email : jngoune@yahoo.fr Web site : www.scribd.com/jngoune

GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence exam....Jan.2012

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