Pressure in Liquids

Problem/challenge/misconception: Topic: Approach: Method: Strategy:

Students have a common misconception that liquid pressure depends on surface area. Understanding Atmospheric Pressure. Inquiry-discovery. Investigation - Experiment. Students observe water spurting out from a container through holes at different depths. Students make an inference, propose a hypothesis and plan an experiment to verify the hypothesis.

Experiment:

Refer to Appendix 1.

Pressure in Liquids

Date: SUBJECT: YEAR: PHYSICS FORM 4 3. FORCES AND PRESSURE 3.2 UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS A student is able to: 1. Relate depth to pressure in a liquid. 2. Explain pressure in a liquid and state that P = hg 3. Describe applications of pressure in liquids. 4. Solve problems involving pressure in liquids. Time: Subject Content: Suggested Activities: 2 periods (80 minutes) Liquid pressure and depth of liquid. 1. Students are asked to discuss a situation whereby:

LEARNING AREA: LEARNING OBJECTIVE: LEARNING OUTCOMES:

5 water hoses of different lengths are filled with water. These hoses will be hung from different heights.

Pressure in Liquids

2. Oral and written questions are given in a logical sequence to assist students in making inference and hypothesis. 3. Students conduct an experiment to investigate the relationship between the depth of the liquid and liquid pressure. 4. Students discuss the result in groups. 5. One group will present their findings and conclusion. 6. Teacher will then guide students on using the reinforcement module. Moral Values: Teaching Aid: Being honest and cooperative Water hoses, metre rules, rubber stoppers, laptop PC and LCD projector, MOE Physics Teaching Courseware .

Creative and Critical Thinking Skills: Making inferences and hypotheses

Pressure in Liquids

STAGES

CONTENT

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

RESOURCES / REMARKS

Set Induction (10 minutes)

1. Students are shown five water hoses of different lengths. (Refer to Appendix 1 for the diagram.) 2. Students are asked questions relating to water spurting out of the hoses. 3. Students have to state their i. ii. iii. observations inferences hypotheses

Pressure in Liquids

STAGES

CONTENT

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

RESOURCES / REMARKS

Development STEP 1 (30 minutes) 1. 2. i. Students are given 5 water hoses of different lengths, metre rules and 5 rubber stoppers. Students are asked to Arrange the apparatus as shown in the diagram in Appendix 1. (Suggested lengths of the water hoses : 5.0 m, 4.0m, 3.0 m, 2.0 m and 1.0 m respectively). Cover one end of each hose and then fill it with water to the brim. Remove the rubber stopper for Hose A and measure the horizontal distance, xA, travelled by the water spurt. Repeat step 2(iii) for hoses B, C, D and E respectively and measure the horizontal distances Laptop PC and LCD projector

ii. iii.

iv.

Pressure in Liquids

xB, xC, xD and xE. v. vi. Tabulate the results for the depth of water, h and the horizontal distance, x. Plot a graph of horizontal distance, x against depth of water, h. Laptop PC and LCD projector

STEP 2 (20 minutes)

Analysis

1.

Students are questioned on their observation. Q1: What does the distance, x, represent? (Water pressure) Q2. Are there other ways of measuring water pressure without using any standard pressure-measuring device? Q3: From the graph of x against depth of water, h, (a) state the relationship between x and h, (x is directly proportional to h) (b) determine the value of x if h is 8.0 m.

2.

Teacher explains the concept of pressure in liquids.

Pressure in Liquids

STAGES

CONTENT

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

RESOURCES / REMARKS

STEP 3 (15 minutes)

Problem Solving

1. 2. 3.

Teacher gives some examples of problem-solving involving pressure in liquids. Teacher gives a few questions for students to answer verbally. Teacher and students discuss the answers.

Laptop PC and LCD projector

Closure (5 minutes)

1. Teacher summarises the lesson. 2. Students are asked to finish the report at home as well as answering the reinforcement questions in the module. (Refer to reinforcement module.)

Laptop PC and LCD projector

Pressure in Liquids

Appendix 1 Three-storey School Block

Pressure in Liquids

Hose A

Hose B

Hose C

Hose D

Hose E

Summative Test

Water spurting

Diagram 1: Pressure in Liquids : 9 Five long water hoses in action from different heights at a school block

Pressure in Liquids

1. Compare the liquid pressure at the points P, Q and R in the diagrams below.

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