ACIDS, BASES AND BUFFERS HW MS

1.

C6H5OH(aq) + OH (aq)
C6H5O (aq) + H2O(l)
acid 1base 2
base 1
acid 2 (1)
1
[1]

2.

(i)
(ii)

H /proton donor (1)

partially dissociates/ionises (1)

1
[2]

3.

(i)
completely dissociates/ionised (1)
proton donor (1)
(ii)

NO3 (1)

1
[3]

4.

HCl and CH3COOH have same number of moles/

+

release same number of moles H /

1 mole of each acid produce mol of H2 (1)
+

[H ] in CH3COOH < [H ] in HCl/

CH3COOH is a weaker acid than HCl (ora) (1)
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (1)
Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2 (1)
or
+
2+
Mg + 2H Mg + H2 (1)(1)

4
[4]

5.

(i)
(ii)

Ka = [C6H5O (aq)] [H (aq)] / [C6H5OH(aq)] (1)

Mr C6H5OH = 94 (1)
3

[C6H5OH(aq)] 4.7/94 = 0.050 mol dm (1)

10

1.3 10 [H (aq)] / 0.050 mol dm (1) (= sign is acceptable)

+
10
6
3
[H ] = {(1.3 10 ) (0.050) } = 2.55 10 mol dm (1)
6
pH = log[H+] = log 2.55 10 = 5.59 (1)
+

3 marks: [H ]; pH expression ; calc of pH from [H ]

5
[6]

6.

(a)
(b)

strength of acid/extent of dissociation/ionisation (1)

(i)
acid 1

H2SO3(aq) + CH3COOH(aq)
base 2 (1)
base 1

HSO3 (aq) + CH3COOH2 (aq)

acid 2 (1)
2

1 mark for labels on each side of equation

(ii)

CH3COOH is the stronger acid/

Ka CH3COOH is greater/
CH3COOH is more acidic ORA (1)

Paddington Academy

C6H5OH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq)
(c)

C6H5OH2 (aq) + CH3COO (aq) (1)

For HCl, pH = log[H ] (1) (or with values).

Could be awarded below
= log 0.045 = 1.35 (1) (accept 1.3)
+

For CH3COOH, [H ] = (Ka [CH3COOH]) /

5

(1.70 10 0.045) (1)

+
4
3
[H ] = 8.75 10 mol dm (1)
4
pH = log 8.75 10 = 3.058/3.06 (1) (accept 3.1)

5
[10]

7.

(a)

partial dissociation: HCOOH

H + HCOO (1)

(b)

(i)
pH = log (1.55 10 ) = 2.81/2.8 (1)
+
[H ] deals with negative indices over a very wide range/
pH makes numbers manageable
/removes very small numbers (1)

(ii)

[ H + (aq)][HCOO (aq)]
[HCOOH(aq)]
Ka =
(1) (state symbols not needed)

(iii)

[H + (aq)] 2
(1.55 10 3 ) 2
=
0.015
Ka = [HCOOH(aq)]
(1)
4

= 1.60 10 (mol dm )(1)

4
pKa = log Ka = log (1.60 10 ) = 3.80 (1)
(iv)

(1.55 10 3 ) 100
0.015
Percentage dissociating =
= 10.3 % /
10% (1)
1

(working not required)

[8]

8.

(a)
(ii)

(b)

(i)
+

Ionic product (1)

Kw = [H (aq)] [OH (aq)] (1) state symbols not needed

5 10 3 21.35
4
1000
moles of HCl =
= 1.067 10 mol (1)
1.067 10 4
5
2
moles of Ca(OH)2 =
= 5.34 10 mol (1)
5

concentration of Ca(OH)2 = 40 5.34 10

3

= 2.136 10 mol dm (1)

3
3
3
2 marks for 4.27 10 / 8.54 10 mol dm
(no factor of 4)

(c)

[OH ] = 2 2.7 10 = 5.4 10 mol dm (1)

Kw

+
[H (aq)] = [OH (aq)]

1.0 10 14
5.4 10 3 = 1.85 1012 mol dm3 (1)

12

pH = log (1.85 10

) = 11.73/11.7 (1)

3
+

ecf is possible for pH mark providing that the [H ]

value has been derived from Kw/[OH ]

st

If pOH method is used, pOH = 2.27. would get 1 mark,

nd
pH = 14 2.27 = 11.73 gets 2 mark.
-3
Commonest mistake will be to not double OH and to use 2.7 10
This gives ecf answer of 11.43/11.4, worth 2 marks.
pH = 11.13 from dividing by 2: worth 2 marks
(d)

8 (1)

1
[9]

9.

(ii)

(iii)

(i)
I2(aq) + H2S(g) 2HI(aq) + S(s)
species and balance (1)
state symbols: accept (s) for I2; (aq) for H2S (1)

amount I2 reacted = 1.89 mol / HI formed = 3.44 mol (1)

theoretical amount HI produced = 3.78 mol/484 g (1)
3.44 100 440 100
or
3.78
484
% yield =
= 91.0 % (1)

3.44 1000
3
750
[HI] =
= 4.58/4.59 mol dm (1)
pH = log 4.59 = 0.66 (1)

2
[7]

10.

(a)

(i)

(+)1 (1)

(ii)
N

o r
Look for atoms bonded together.
AND other lone pairs.

(b)

(i)
(ii)

C13H18O2 (1)

any chemical that reacts to produce gas:

e.g. carbonate and CO2 (1)
accept: metal more reactive than Pb and H2
balanced equation to match chemical added (1)

(c)

Mr(Lidocaine) = 236 (1)

-3

Moles Novocaine = 100 10 /236 = 4.24 10 (1)

4
Concentration of Novocaine = 4.24 10 (1000/5)
3
= 0.0847/0.0848/0.085 mol dm (1)

Paddington Academy

(d)

3.74
mass C = 12 44.0 = 1.02 g /
3.74
moles CO2 = 44 = 0.085 mol (1)
2
mass H = 18 0.918 = 0.102 g /
0.918
moles H2O = 18 = 0.051 mol (1)

1.02 0.102
:
1 = 0.0850 : 0.102 = 5 : 6 / 10 : 12/
ratio C : H = 12
ratio CO2 : H2O = 5 : 3 / 10 : 6 (1)
mass O = 1.394 (1.020 + 0.102) = 0.272 g
/ using 1.394 g eugenol and Mr = 164, shows that 1
molecule contains 2 atoms of O (1)
molecular formula = C10H12O2 (1)

2
1
[13]

11.

amount of NaOH in titration = 0.175 x 22.05/1000

3
3
or 3.86 10 (1) (calc: 3.85875 x 10 )
3

amount of A in 25.0 cm = 0.5 mol NaOH

3
3
or 1.93 10 (1) (calc: 1.929375 10 )
3

amount of A in 250 cm = 10 1.93 10 or 1.93 10 (1)

2

1.93 10 mol A has a mass of 2.82 g

2

molar mass of A = 2.82/1.93 10 = 146 g mol (1)

(or Mr of A is 146)
Therefore A is adipic acid / HOOC(CH2)4COOH (1)

5
[5]

12.

O -N

O -N

C 2H( C 2 )H4 C 3H
/ NaOH /Na (1)
weak acid/base pair mixture formed (1)

On structure, 1 mark for O Na on either or both phenol groups.

[2]