Research Title: Organic Farming

Subtitle: Establishment of Biotechnological Method in farming vegetable instead of toxic insecticides and creating healthier preservation system.

Introduction Part Research context: Minimization of the cost of insecticide which are used in large amount in the arable land in Bangladesh and preservation of health through a biotechnological method in farming system.

Problem Statement: In the perspective of Bangladesh, total farming system is surrounded with various costs components like seeds, insecticides, fertilizer, cultivating, harvesting etc.

Among these, the cost of insecticide results into a higher cost of vegetables is the

major problem of farming. Though it costs higher, it can not ensure healthy and fresh food. As a consequence, human health is in danger from various diseases that may lead to death.

Again, if we talk about post harvest procedure, there is no well-preservation system in Bangladesh for farmers. There are a limited number of cold storages which are not sufficient at all. Moreover the hoarders use these cold storages for the fulfilment of their personal interest rather than paying any attention to the public interest. As a consequence, antisocial phenomena like black-marketing, corrupted business syndicates, abundance of intermediaries cause the rise in price level .Also; the use of formalin by the dealers intermediaries body. and resellers is also detrimental to human

Purpose of the study:

To established the biotechnological methods like sex poheromone trap, trichograma, brackon etc. to mitigate the destructive toxicity of insecticides.

To introduce the healthier preservation system in an herbal method using leaves like margosa, cytric acid (lemon) etc.

 By using these two methods, it is possible to provide a better return to the farmers than that of the previous systems of insecticides and cold storage and control the price level led by the use of insecticides.

Secondary data: The proposed research work is to be conducted on organic vegetable market. That means, ensuring which the more equal and cost effective vegetable market is the main goal of the research proposal. From a scientific research it is clear that almost 30 to 35 percent of the total food crops and vegetables are affected by various crop diseases insects. For reducing this percentage, the farmers tend to use the insecticide without considering its anti environment affects. In an agricultural survey we

found the information that about 50,000 tons of insecticides used per year in Bangladesh. We have a total arable land of 9,00,000 hector. The total cost incurred for insecticides per year is 24,000 crore. Instead of using this, some bio technological methods can reduce the cost up to 70% per hector. Among these biotechnological methods, sex pheromone trap & trichograma or brackon friendly insects procedure can be introduced and established in the market.

Sex pheromone trap: A pheromone is to bear hormone signal that triggers a natural response in another member of the some species. In animals, sex pheromones indicate the availability of the female for breading. A pheromone trap is built for attracting the male insects and under that trap a bowl of soap water is kept. When the insects like male whitefly become attracted, they fall into the trap of that water. This is how the whitefly insect affects vegetables like brinjal, pumpkin, tomato and fruits which can be eradicated in such a biological manner. Again, the cost for sex pheromone trap for per sector of cultivating brinjal is tk 12,000.Whereas the farmer had to make a total cost of tk.40000 if he would use chemical insecticides. The cost for pumpkin and fruits is 10,000 and 30,000 respectively. That means, because of using this magic trap the production cost has been reduced a lot and almost 70% of the vegetables can be saved from the attack of insects. Most importantly there is no anti environmental affect of this technology.

Trichograma & Brackon : Trichograma and Brackon are the name of two friendly insects which are friendly for the crops & vegetables rather than causing any harm to them. These insects kill the harmful insects, their eggs or zygote. About 40 to 50 thousand of friend insects are

needed in each hector and cost per hector is almost 15 to 17 thousand BDT. So, it is a very cost effective as well as environment friendly way of insecticide which also keeps the balance of ecology.

Cytrox and margosa preservation method: In Bangladesh, the preservation method for vegetables is not up to that satisfaction level .One of the main reasons is the unavailability of cold storages and the misuse of cold storages. For reducing this problem the introduction of Cytrox and Margosa leaf project is an effective way. Cytrox is a herbal way of preservation which is prepared by the juice of lemon and it can preserve vegetables upto 15 days without hampering the food quality of vegetables. Margosa leaf is another project of preserving vegetable. These 2 methods can keep vegetables fresh and healthy up to 15 days ever after harvesting it. The production and maintanance cost become almost half. These two methods are still only in a personal use format. These two methods should be introduced commercially to the farmers and dealers which will ultimately help the overall agriculture system.

As it is already described, use of pesticides and insecticides causes a severe negative impact on the quality of vegetables. In many cause indiscriminate use of synthetic
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insecticides has totally failed to control the pest and diseases as the pest populations are growing resistant to the used pesticides. On the other land the indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to cause a number of problems such as high toxic pesticides residues in market produce, resurgence or increased infestation by some insect species due to the destruction of natural predators and parasitoids, changing pest status of mites and other minor insect pests, ecological imbalance and anger to health of the insecticides application and to the commercial. Again the production cost is relatively much higher because of the use of insecticides. These problems can be reduced at a high level if the use and market establishment of biotechnological methods become more flexible and versatile.

Conceptual Framework

Introduction of the biotechnological methods

(Sex pheromone, Trichograma, brackon etc.)

Innovation of newer and healthier preservation system in herbal

way.

Feedback from the farmers about the newer systems.

Positive feed back (Being satisfied with newer system)

Negative feedback (Influenced by local agents)

Adoption by the Adoptionby the farmers

farmer

Observation of the result

Research Reporting

Success or failure of the research Objective of the study:

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The main objective is to assess the economic and environmental profitability of the adopted biotechnological way/method compared to the existing conventional method.

To observe the reaction of the farmers and the satisfaction level of the consumers.

To recommend further suggestions to the researchers for establishment and expansion of organic farming system.

Research methodology Research design According to the objective of the study on Organic Farming, the nature of the research is consistent with conclusive research design. According to conclusive research, the descriptive type would be more appropriate to the nature of the study. Introducing a new technology in farming vegetable may have either negative or positive impact. The biotechnological way of preservation and insecticide is specially designed for the betterment of both farmers and consumers economic and health concern. For the research of establishment of biotechnological way of preservation and insecticides, a few market characteristics can be experimented.

 Superstition and inclination to traditional use of insecticides of the farmers. The dealer and importers of traditional insecticides may show antagonism towards the new system.

A tendency of avoiding new technology in the real market.

The research will be conducted in a pre-planned way and this should have a structured design.

After analyzing the secondary data on sex-pheromone trap, trichograma and Brackon system instead of using insecticides, and Margosa leaf and

Cytrox procedure for preservation system, the next step should be taken. The researchers should conduct a survey and observations. Qualitative research procedure will be accomplished in a direct way. The groups will be focused and there will have to conduct a depth interview of the selected groups. This research study is a multivariate research study.

Survey method- personal query:

 Variables 1. Introducing new biotechnological way of insecticides. 2. Introducing new system of preservation 3. Feed back or reaction from the farmers. 4. Reaction from the consumers.

Sampling: For the research purpose, sampling is the most popular way than evaluating the entire population. The larger the sample size, the more accurate the outcome is. In this study we propose to segment Bangladesh into 4 different zones. These are: North East - Bogra North West - Narshingdi, Sylhet.

South East - Raujan South West - Shatkhira, Jessore.

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The sample population will be approximately 600 farmers. Here the farmers of the selected regions will be chosen at random. This is the sampling designs.

Target Population- Farmers

Parameters of interest Satisfaction/ Dissatisfaction Sampling Frame- Structured Sampling Method- Simple Random Sample Size- Large. Measurement Instrument: The research an innovation of bio-technological way of insecticides and preservation system has been conducted in Raujan. But to establish its market and creating market sustainability, the previous research result can be set standard for this research. The researcher has to identify the problem regarding establishment of organic farm. How the problems can be solved, what is the attitude of the relevant subject matters toward this project, Is the research word is going on appropriately, whether the research has higher level of satisfactory result on lower level compared to the

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previously conducted research in Issuer should the marketing strategy go o as before or should it be mortified for better consequence? To check whether is also related to measurement.

But to measure the reliability of the research a few more data mead to be collected which are

Is the farmer willing to take a new system of eradicating insects and preservation for their cost benefit?

How can a farmer be motivated?

How many farmers use this technology after introducing it to them?

How many farmers are relying on this system? Has farmer got any result which is beneficial to the cost regarding this problem? How many farmers are benefited after using new technology?

Are the farmers satisfied with new system?

Will the farmers intend to use it again? What is the reaction of the consumers? What is the reaction of the dealers and importers of insecticide?

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 How can they also be motivated to deal with the new system?

Data collection: Secondary data of the previous research conducted in Jessore will be considered as well as primary data will also be needed. So, it should be focused on primary data collection method. Primary date will be collected from the sample space using survey method and personal inquiry.

Data Analysis: After conducting surveys and interviews properly, primary data should be organized and prepared to make assessment on it.

A comparative cost advantage system will be needed to analyze cost effectiveness of the data.

Qualitative data on market penetration and sustainability should be analyzed by comparing previous research outcome.

Interpreting the outcome.

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 Reporting whether the outcome is positive or non-positive. Whether the new process should be continued or come to a halt for favorable time.

Time Line: We propose to have a fixed timeline for conducting the research properly. A season of vegetable, likely 4 months is needed for farming and more about 2 months to collect data, assumption analyzing, interpreting and assessing the market for a full report of the research. So, an estimated time period of 6 months is needed to conduct the research.

Research Start: September 2010 Research End: February 2011.

Limitations of the study:

Farmers are not acquainted with this new process and their conservative mind creates hindrance in the way of the research.

Negative behavior by the dealers or agents of insecticides.

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In some cases, it has been observed that, the heads of the village area are related with the business of insecticides. When, they will observe that their business is facing problem, they with motivate the farmers negatively.

The main chemical of the sex pheromone trap is sex pheromone colure, which is not available in Bangladesh. As a result, this material should be imported from other countries. But, the political bureaucracy is not favorable for this import.

Significance of the study: To observe the overall impression of the farmers after introducing these new systems.

To analyze the market of these products (sex pheromone trap, trichograma, brackon).

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