Experiment # 4 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds

De Guzman, Ma. Ediza May P. BSFT 1 Date of Performance: January 20, 2012 Date of Submission: February 17, 2012

ABSTRACT

There were 3 set- up tested during the experiment. Those are the test for carbon and hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The test for carbon and hydrogen was done using sugar in which, change in its appearance and color is very evident upon heating. The mixture of stock solutions, 6 % NaOH solution and 0.5% cupric sulfate solution was used for nitrogen testing. There was a changed in color when mixed together. The test for sulfur was made using one ml of stock solution, NaOH solution and lead acetate solution. The mixed solution change its appearance and proves its alkalinity.

Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds The analysis and identification of unknown organic compounds constitutes a very important aspect of experimental organic chemistry. Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of one or more of these components. The separation of components is often performed prior to analysis.

The experiment was done to analyze the type of elements found in an organic compounds.

METHODS

The experiment was conducted by Ma. Ediza May P. de Guzman and Cyril L. Denilla The materials used are Bunsen burner, test tube, test tube holder, water bath, dropper, tripod, sugar, stock solution, NaOH, 0.5 % of Cupric Sulfate and Lead Acetate. PROCEDURES: A. Test for Carbon and Hydrogen B. Test for Nitrogen C. Test for Sulfur

Place a few grams of sugar on a can or foil

Add: 5 drops stock solution + 3 drops of NaOH +

Add 1ml stock solution + dilute NaOH + 0.5mL lead acetate

Heat until it dissolve

O.5 % cupric sulfate solution Shake.

Let the mix stand for two minutes.

Heat the mixture for a few minutes.

RESULTS The outcome of the tested materials were based on the observation noted after the experiment. In testing the carbon and hydrogen, the sugar in the tin can melted slowly and the more it is subjected to heat, the more it turns into a caramel or brownish color. For Nitrogen, when the stock solution was added by 3 drops of 6%NaOH solution, Theres no change in its appearance but when it was added with 3 drops of 0.5% Cupric Sulfate solution, its color changed to blue. On testing the sulfur, during heating of the solutions it boils and produce bubbles.From a cloudy solution, after heat was applied it became clear appearance and had a little yellowish color. This prove its alkalinity

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

Experiment # 3 Melting Point and Boiling Point Determination

De Guzman, Ma. Ediza May P. BSFT1 Date of Performance: January 13, 2012 Date of Submission: February 17, 2012

ABSTRACT

The melting and boiling point determination was performed using the set-up of Erlenmeyer, thermometer with attached glass tubing suspended on vegetable oil. The glass tubing was dipped fist on the sulfur powder before it was heated. The same procedure was applied on the other setup. The only thing that differs is the the glass tubing dipped on NaOH. Different temperatures were noted before and after heating.

Melting Point and Boiling Point Determination

The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends (usually slightly) on pressure and is usually specified at standard pressure. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of some substances to supercool, the freezing point is not considered as a characteristic property of a substance. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice", that is, the melting point. The boiling point of an element or a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid. A liquid in a vacuum has a lower boiling point than when the liquid is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid at high-pressure has a higher boiling point than when the liquid is at atmospheric pressure. In other words, the boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure (which tends to vary with elevation). Different liquids (at a given pressure) boil at different temperatures.

The experiment was done to determine the boiling point and melting point of the substances used.

METHOD The experiment was conducted by Ma. Ediza May P. de Guzman and Cyril L. Denilla. The materials used are one small test tube, Bunsen Burner, tripod, sample of sulfur powder and NaOH, thermometer, glass tubing, wire gauze, Erlenmeyer flask, capillary tube, vegetable oil, and water bath. PROCEDURES: A. Melting Point Determination
Seal end of capillary tube by heating.

B. Boiling Point Determination

Seal end of capillary tube by heating.

Dip the tube into the sulfur powder sample.

Dip the tube into NaOH the sample.

Gently tap the tube to let the sample settle down on the sealed end . By means of rubber band, attach the tube to a thermometer.

Gently tap the tube to let the sample settle down on the sealed end . By means of rubber band, attach the tube to a thermometer. Use vegetable oil for liquid bath with thermometer and the attached tube suspended it.
Heat until bubbles comes out.

Use vegetable oil for liquid bath with thermometer and the attached tube suspended it.

Heat the liquid bath with a temp. that raises 2-3 Celsius per minute.

RESULTS

The outcome of the tested materials were based on the observations noted after the experiment. In determining the melting point, the temperature at the beginning of the melting is 5 Celsius and raises to 125 Celsius when it was totally melted. For the boiling point, the temperature when stream of bubbles came out is 113 Celsius and 105 Celsius is the temperature when the last bubble came out.

DISCUSSION

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