____ 19. To achieve victory in the struggle for civil rights, Martin Luther King, Jr.

, and other members of the SCLC encouraged a policy of b. nonviolent protest. ____ 20. Martin Luther King, Jr., targeted Birmingham, Alabama, for demonstrations because he considered it a. the most segregated city in the country. ____ 21. After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protesters by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were a. appalled by the police violence. ____ 22. Participants in the 1963 March on Washington hoped to b. convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation. ____ 23. After Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, c. many African Americans were elected to office at all levels. ____ 24. The black power movement taught that African Americans should a. separate from white society and lead their own communities. ____ 25. How did the National Urban League help African Americans? a. by helping newcomers to large cities find homes and jobs ____ 26. In what way were the SCLC and CORE alike? c. Both promoted nonviolent protest. ____ 27. In which state did Freedom Riders encounter violent resistance? c. Alabama ____ 28. How did President Kennedy respond to the riot over James Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi? d. He sent army troops to restore order and protect Meredith. ____ 29. Which was a highlight of the March on Washington a. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have a Dream speech ____ 30. What was the goal of the Selma March? c. to get voting rights legislation passed ____ 31. What did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do? b. to separate themselves from white society

____ 32. Which of the following was a result of the civil rights movement? d. Thousands of African Americans could vote for the first time. ____ 33. After the war, the African American civil rights movement c. accelerated. ____ 34. President Truman ordered an end to discrimination in b. the armed forces. ____ 35. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended a. the separate but equal doctrine. ____ 36. The Montgomery bus boycott introduced a new generation of African American c. leaders. ____ 37. In 1957, Eisenhower used the Arkansas National Guard to a. enforce school integration. ____ 38. In the 1920s and 1930s, the NAACP had success in challenging a. segregation laws. ____ 39. The National Urban League helped newcomers to the cities by c. helping them find jobs and housing. ____ 40. The Congress of Racial Equality pursued its goals through d. peaceful confrontation. ____ 41. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was organized by b. African American clergymen. ____ 42. SNCC entrusted decisions about priorities and tactics to b. young activists. ____ 43. For participants, the form of protest known as the sitin often led to c. time spent in jail. ____ 44. The Freedom Rides were organized to test a. a Supreme Court decision. ____ 45. After Freedom Riders were violently attacked in Alabama, they d. received federal protection. ____ 46. James Meredith advanced the cause of civil rights when he a. tried to enroll at Ole Miss. ____ 47. The person who wrote the famous Letter from Birmingham Jail was

c. Martin Luther King, Jr. ____ 48. The success at Birmingham proved the effectiveness of a. nonviolent protest. ____ 49. Treatment of demonstrators by the Birmingham police a. angered most Americans. ____ 50. At first, President Kennedy moved slowly on civil rights issues to avoid b. offending southern Democratic senators. ____ 51. The brutality against African Americans in Birmingham prompted Kennedy to b. propose a strong civil rights bill. ____ 52. Johnsons two civil rights laws are considered to be a. landmarks in American history. ____ 53. The Selma March called attention to African Americans lack of c. voting rights. ____ 54. Unlike the early civil rights leaders, Malcolm X believed strongly that a. the races should be separated. ____ 55. Under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael, SNCC became c. increasingly militant. ____ 56. The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to b. lead their own communities. ____ 57. Which of the following leaders were assassinated in 1968? b. Robert Kennedy and Malcolm X ____ 58. All of the following resulted from the civil rights movement except c. eliminating poverty in the United States. 59. ANS: During his early months in office, Kennedy moved slowly on civil rights issues. He did not want to lose the support of southern members of Congress. Later in his term, Kennedy became a much stronger supporter of civil rights. He wanted American society to put into practice the principles of freedom that U.S. leaders preached to the world. He decided it was time for the government to take action in support of civil rights. 60. ANS: Business need to make a profit to survive. Students should write about the cost of to businesses

when protesters did not use their services, and the cost of not serving protesters when the would sitin