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#np

TECHNICAL NOTE

prior to SurfaceEvent Title: Macondo:Axial MovemenuForces Prcparcd By: Phil Pattillo - DistinguishedAdvisor, EPTDrilling ReviewedBy: tlavid Patlillo - EPT Integrity Management Team Approved By: Rich Miller- EPTIntegrity Managernent Team Date: Mayll,2010 Revisaon: A

Of interest the effectof changes the pressure temperalure is in and environment the lenglhchange on and/orforcesin the $7/8 in. x 7 in. production casingpriorto the Uowout.The casingis analyzed usirg a seriesof limelineslidesprepared illustrale sequential pressure, to the fluid andtemperature environment leadingup to lossof hydrocarbon conlainment. Also investigated the potential fin-otr was for of the casingand associated assembly theirlanding seal at shoulcler the subseawellheadin Conclusion: Gas influxtrornthe vicinilyof the produclion casingshoecouldplausibly attainsufficient pressure the depthof the production at casinghanger lifl-offof the casingand unseat hangerseal. to lhe Input Dala The inputfor this analysis consists the following: of o A Microsoft pressures ffuids PowerPoint describing schematic filel in formlhe surface and intemeland odemalto lhe production casingbetween 16April10 2oApril1o.The slicles and gathered the pressure documenl information on environment including fluid interfaces, surface pressures the condition chokeline,kill line,drillpipe anddrill pipeannulus and of valvesor seals duringthe lime addressed the slides. by A wordof caution starting with SlideI and continuing throughSlide17 thereis an inconsistency between pressures calculated the bottomof the drillpipevia a pathdownthe drillpipeand al pressures calculated a pathdownthe drill pipeannulus.For example, SlideI the notedUvia in lube pressure insidethe drill pipenecessary balance hydrostatic lo the headof the annular lluids is shownon the slide(andverifiedby calculalion) 1,628psi,whereas reading as the notedon the drillpipegaugeis 2,400psi. Thisdiscrepancy as of the writingof this report,unresolved. is, Calculalion results follour present to will answers calculaled paths. usingbothcalculation A schematic the Dril-Quip of wellhead'containing suflicient detailand dimensions establish to the cross-sectional pres$lreat the hangerdepth. areasacled on by inlemaland external

Assumptions Theanalysis based the following is on assumptions: r Post-cementing lengthchanges and/orforcesdue to lemperature change,Poisson's effectwilh pressure change(ballooning) incremental and (i.e.,the crossover) forceson exposed shoulders ' "Timeline Copy$.7-1O.ppt' attached an email fromWarren to Winters dated8May10. ' "Maconclo w-LDS2-PD-32294-02CP B (2).pdf'attached an emailfromWarrenWinters to daled8May10.
Macondo Ptoduction C asing Movement

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Exhibit No. Worldrvidc Court Inc.

BP-HZN.BLYOO377574

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r o casingand its confining between produclion the in arc included the analysis.The clearance and/orforcesduelo srnall that lenglhGhanges sufficiently tubulars and openhole is considered buckling be ignofed. can is The wellbore straightand vertical. particularly between 9-7lEin. seal assembly the boreof the and the that All contad surfaces, wellhead, frictionless. afe Galcuhtions folloMng steps,then pmceedto lh lhe casingat bottom beginwith two pre-cementing The calculations pressure calculated landmark at hanger,botlomof drill deflhs (casing are WOC. lntemalard e:<temal sfideas pipe,crossover. of leadslurry,top of tailslurryand bottomof casing).Usingthe cemenling lop as fromlhe initialcondition. all axialforcesare calculated increments the initialconditions, subsequent Thelollortring calculaled: are o The lengthchange no axialforce(assuming lengtbchange)due lo and corresponding temperature initialcondition'. ftornthe undisturbed, o The lengthchangeand conesponding fromthe es-cemenled axialforcecluelo pressure conditiona. o The lengthchangeand conesponding changes the crossoverfrom al axialforcedue to pressuJe casing". the $7/8 in. seclionto the 7 in. sectionof the produciion pressure . The axialforcegenerated the casinghangerdue to internal aciingfromaboveand at actingfrornbelowon the hangershoulder sealassembly. and extemalpressure at due to no The calculation beginsby assuming movement the top of the casingstring6.Forces al temperalure pressure and changeas detailedaboveare calculated the levelotthe hanger. whenthe casingwas hungin the wellhead; is lncrementaltension addedto the initialtensionexisting compression subtracted nel the incremenlal is fromthe initialtension.The resulting forcerepresents load profile profilein the wllheed.Shouldthe shoulder force be that mustbe supported the shoulder by decremenled sufficiently becomenegalive, casingwill lifl-offor separate to the from its harger, Suchan oocurrenoe ot A adivatesan additional calculation the amounlof lifr-offthecasingundergoes. liftoff of and resultin a leak at lhe hanger. 0.5 fr is necessary disengage seal assembly to lhe Results pressure Tables1 and 2 summarize for, calculalions downthe drill resultsof lhe calculations respectively, pipeand pressure calculalions downthe drill pipeannulus.Mewingeilhertablethe following comments are in order: o The Slid6and Eventcolumnare keysto the PowerPoint provided the lncident by ftle Investigalion Teamas a chronology be followed the analysis. to in r Axialforceis reporled important at landmarks alongthe casingslring. Two columns provided are for the crcssover, the axialforcewill experience discontinuily this feature as a at due to ihe

3As the average temperalure a casingstringis increased, stringwill elongale-lf, however, of the the stringis nol allowed elongate, compressive to a axialforceis generated.Similady, temperature a decrease generate will axial tension. 'As the average inlemalptessure increased average (or is exlernalpressure decreased), slringwill is the expandradially.Dueto Poisson's effed an expansion the radialdirection produce axial in will an shrinkage.lf, however, stringis nol allowed shrink,a tensileaxialforceis generated.Similady, lhe to an pressure inlernal (or pressure decrease e)'rlernal increase) generate will axialcompression. " As the pressures actingat the depthof lhe crossover change, depending lhe relaliveinternal and on and edernal areasof the crossover, crossover havea lendency moveup or downcreating the will to a conesponding lengthchange. lf, however, stringis not allowed changelength,eilhera lensileor lhe to compressive axialforcecan be generated. " The bottomof the casingstringis fixed by the cementsheath.
Macondo Production Casing Movcment

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sets. forthe bottomof the stringuntilthe cement shoulders.Axialforceis onlyreported exposed Thereafterthis valuehas no pertinence the cunentcalculation. lo . The row coresponding Slide3, highlighted green,addresses WOGand servesas the initial in lo environmenls are and conditions pressure, on temperature axialloadlo wtrichall subsequent compared. pressure . The columnlabeledForceon Shoulder acmsslhe 9-718 hanger. the includes differential pressure atthe hangerdepth is and oflhisshoulderis contac,ted byintemal The uppersurface of and bounded the boreof the wellhead the insidediameter the $7/8 in- casing.The lower by by depthand is bounded at is surfaceofthis shoulder contadedby e{ernal pressure the hanger between of casing.The difference diameter the S7/E an. the boreof the wellhead the outside and (represenliitg forcein the the columnandthe Bdow HarBercolumn the Forceon Shoulder pressure aboveand belowthe is by tubularjustbelowthe hanger) the forcecreated differential thdtthisforcecan be substailial,ofrenon lhe hanger. Noteby comparing thesetwo columns orderof '100,000-200,000 lbs. r The column usesthe Forceon Shoulderand labeledEqualAp is for information. This column pressure, example for fromgas influx lowersurfaceof the shoulder calculale to whal additional lifl-offof the casingat to intothe production casingannulus, wouldbe necessary causeincipient the hanger shoulder. o lf lifr-off calculated, finalcolumnis intended reporthol highthe casingwouldrisesubject to is the at to the loads hand'. . The wording the tabletitlesis significant. of the forcesshownin the taHesaregeneraled by of All pressures pressure and changes.Although celculation was sel up to accommodate tool the lemperature change, average temperature change thesescenarios so smallthat its in is _lhe conclusion and effectcan be ignoredo. separate A seclionbelowaddresses impodant this demonstrates temperature be ignored the calculation. why can in the in casing Comparing resullspresented Tables1 and2 illustrates effectof uncerteinly intemal in the pressure et valueson the results.The disadvanlage usingTable1 withpressure the bottomof the drill of pipecalculaled downlhe drill ppe is consislency. example, For Slide8 indicates surface pipe a drill pressure 2,400psi. On the otherhand,the calculaled ot U-lubepressure the fluidsas shownis 1,628 for ps,i.This discrepancy significant that the following slidesdepend is five heavily suface drill pipe on in pressure.The disadvantage usingTable2 is that one is facedwithaccommodating 16 ppgspacer the of inlo in introduced the annulus Side 7. This complicales assuran@ calculations subsequent in in dides pressure an indicator due to lhe fac{thatthe annular shul, leading one backto the drill pipesurface as is of the statusof the fluid pressure dislribution. this pointit seemsbestto favorthe resultsin Table1, At recognizing th drill pippressure thet readingmay be inaccurate. Focusiqg Table1,the effeclof the negative is particulady on tesl significant termsof polential liff-off in for at the casinghanger.Severalbleedsin the sequence lollowing SlideI leadto a shoulder forcethat could (i.e.,lift-ofD be eliminated withlhe addition only429 psi underthe hanger.cas influxfromthe vicinily of of the production casingshoecouldcertainly attainsucha prcssure the mudline, this pressure at and is significantly belowthat necessary rupture lo one of the outward actingrupture diskson the 16in. casing. It appears thal,givengasmigration the production in casingannulus, lift-off lhe casingand possibly of unseating hanger the seaFare bothplausible. 7 Oncelifl-offoccurs,and assuming production the casingannulus.is communication the reseryoir, in with il can be expec{ed increase.Flowfromthe reservoir beginto heatthe casingfurtherexacerbating lo will lhe positive length change lhe production of slring. " The minoreffect0f temperdurewill not be true in furtherscenarios be addressed this model. Flow lo by of hydrocarbons the reservoir lhe signiticant from and fluidspumped duringa top kill operation have will significant associaled temperature effecls. Thesescenarios, however, not addressed thistechnical are in nole. t As an example, calculation the toolwasmodified place additional to an 1000psiin the 9-718 annulus in. underlhe hanger.The resultis lifr-off wilh 141 forceproducing uprvard an movement 4.5 of ,'l94 excess fi, sufficient unseat hangerseal. to lhe
MecondoProduclon Cesing Moven'.nt

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Table | - PressureForces in ProductionGasing,PressureCalculateddown Drill

Slide

Event

Below Hanqer

ADOVE

xo

Ar(lal Force,lbs Below TOLead

xo

String
Bdt{om

Forceon Shoulder

Equal Ap

Lifiotf

lu-wper Trip Trip

Out

448,278 -18.240 448,278 447.339 -18,240

-4C

62,090 -98,786 -'t21,031 62,090 -98,786 -124,O31

6 1 , 1 5 1 -99,725 -124.970 514,lU -99,725 tvA 514,164 181 N/A N/A

2
?

RunCasing ConvertFloat Eouioment Cement Job Set Seal AssemblyLay Down Landing
Strina

1f9

5 447,339 -19,179 6 1 , 1 1

2,031
4,634 2,O81 2.091

RIH -Tesl Cacino

6 7
I I

'10 11

551,62. 85,103 165,433 glose Kill 447,339 -19,179 61.15'l Valve SDacer 443.576 72.943 5t.381 PumD Pump -14,A77 66,252 452,441 Seawater -14.Ut I 66.2t Shul Annular 452,441 BleedDP 402.386 -64.133 1 6 . 1 9 7 Bled 363,718 -102,801 -2,471
Pressure ulose Ktll Line

4,558 -99,725
'103,468

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NUA

1,145,1 13 514,14 516.660 711,646 7t't.646 408.790 174,833

N/A l.l/A N/A

-94,623 -94.623 -144.679 -183,347

2,880
2.880
t54

N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A

707 707 1,717 425 429

429

12 13
14

363,718 -192.,901 -2..471

-183,v7

|t/A
N/A N/A MA
N/A

174,833
424,437 105,934 105,934 105,934 459,266 105,934 372,795

Pressure Bulros
uteeo Pressure Flowto Halliburton MonitorKill Line Pressurs Builds & Holds Open Annular Resume Disolacernent

4s4,972 41,547

'18,783 -142,093

352,330 -114,189 -33,859

49/.,n4

15
16

352,330 114,189 -33,859 -194,734

352,330 - 1 1 4 , 1 8 9 -33,859
-194,734

N/A
N/A

17
18

410,728 -55,790 24,539 -136,336 i,t/A

352,330 - 1 1 4 , 1 8 9 -33,859 394,271 -72,244 8,082 -194,734 -152,794
N/A N/A

't,858
429 1,509

N/A
N/A N/A

19

Table 2- Ptessure Forces in Production Casinq. Pressure Calculaled dorvn Drill Pipe Annulus
Slide Evenl Below Hanoer Above

2 3
4

ru - wrPer Trip- Trip Out RunCasirConvertFloal EouiDmenl

Cement Job Set Seal AssemblyLav Down

xo

Pres3ure, Dsi uetow

xo

TOLead -s8.786

srnng Botlom -124.O31

Force at Shoulder

Equal Dp

L1fi4ft

448,278 448.279

-18.240

62,O90 62.090
61.151 61,151

-18.240

-98,786 -124.431 -99.725

-99,725

447.339 - ' t9 . 1 7 9 447,339 - 1 9 , 1 7 9

124.970 5 1 4 .t 6 4
N/A 514,'164

.081
2,O41

NIA N/A

Mecondo Ptoduction Casing Movement

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Landing
Strind

5 6 7
8

KtH - | esl Casino

551,672

85,103

165,433

4,558

I{/A N/A N/A MA

hl/A

1 , 1 4 5 11 ,3 514,164 510,660 516,336 516.336 516,336

4,634 2,081 2,@1

TYA
l.l/A

CloseKll
Vahra

Pump Spacef

I
10

Pump Seawater Shut Annular

BledDP
Eleed

447,339 -19,179 6 1 , 1 5 1 -99,725 -2..943 57.381 -'tu3 4aa 443.576 -46,3s8 33,972 -126,904 420,161
420.161 -46,358

N/A N/A
N/'A

2,089
2,0E9 2,089

't1 't2
13 14 15 16

Pressure
utose Ktl Line

420.161 -46.358 420,161 *46,358

33.972 33.9t2 -126,gtx 33,972 -126,904

-1-,rfi gIM

TUA
N/A MA tl/A ht/A

5't6.336 2.089

N/A N/A N/A ^yA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

420,161 -46,358
420,161 .46,358 420,'t61 420,16'l -46,3s8 -46,358

33,972 -126.gff
33,972 -126.904

516,336 2,089 5r6,336

5't6,336 516,336 516,338

Pressure Builds
$eed

2,089
2,089

Pressure
Flol to Halliburton MOnltOrKII Line

33,972 -126,904

33,972 -126,gtx
33,972 -126,904

l.r/A
N/A I'l/A N/A
NI/A

2,089 2,089

420,161 -46,358

17
18

19

Pressure Builds & Holds Open Annulat Resume

Disolacamenl

420,161 -46,358 33,972 -126,904

420,161 46,358 370,277 -s6,242 33,972
-126,904

516,336 2,089
516,336

2,089 921

-15,912 -176,788

227,620

Appendir - Influenceof Temperafureto temperatures the lengthof the 9-718'x7' over werebuiltlo estimate A seriesof WellCatllthermalmodels goductioncasing. The modelstepsare as outlined below. modelto circulate bottoms and pumpout of the holeto 14,759'. up 1. A Dntll This is approximaled circulating bpmfor 6 hoursfor a totalof 3,943bbls. Therewerefour by 11 and time was9.5 hours flowchecksduringthe operation the totalelapsed 110 converl floatequipment, circulate bblsof mud. the and 2. A Dill modelto runcasing, pumps at This is approximaled 42 hoursto run casing,t hourof circulatirq 3 bpmfor checking by ard circulating 110bbls, then1.5hours idletime. the and of 3. A Uiil modelfor pdmary cementing. This circulates guny at 2 bpmanddisplaces with 14 ppg mudat 4 bprn. A 6.5 hourWOC lhe periodis selededsomewhat prediclion setlingtime. The 8-5 arbitrarily thereis no available as for hourswas selected simplylo malchthe timelo set the seal assembly laydownlhe landing and string. The temperalures the enclof WOCareusedas the casinginilialcondiuon. al 4. A Prodrnodel withshut-in for conditions account running thetapered to in cemerding slringand manipulating choke,kill,and boostlines. the This is t hoursof shul-in.

t0

Work performed by Rich Miller, with resulls reviewed by David and Phil Pattillo. " Wellcat 2003.0.4.3Build 1170.

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in 5. A Bod modelfor circulating the 16 ppg spacer. of This is forwardcirculation 454 bblsin 32 minutes. in 6. A Prodmodelfor drculating seawalet. of This is fonrard circulation 352 bblsin 24 minutes. prssurc, lines,etc. checking for 7 . A Prod modelto account time spentbleeding for This is a shut-incondition a totalof 3 hoursand 12 minutes. of 8. A Prodmodelforthe finalcirculation seawater. This is circulation 1,304bblsin 63 minutes. of priorioStep 1. The wellwas nol beingcontinuously is The generalholethermalcondiuon unknown rv{th drilled. Rather, therewas a long periodof poorholecondltlons mudlossesand a loggirgrun. A was for of sensitivlty initiallemperatures checked threeconditions: priorto Step1. temperatures A. Undisturbed al B. 24 hoursof circulating 11 bpmpriorto StepL C. 5 daysol circulating 11 bpmpriorto Step1. at profiles the inilialcondition undisturbed temperatures. for of temperature Figure1 showsthe sequeniial priorto Step1. The figures Figures and3 rcpeatthe graphwith either24 hoursor 5 daysof circulating 2 different exhibitthe samegeneralshapebut with sligtrtly temperatures. is the in The chengein casingaxialforcedue to changes casingtemperatures minimal.Forxemple, difference between axialforce at the endof WOC (thedarkblueline)andthe end of circulating the (the orangeline)is -283 lbsfor CaseA shownin Figure1. Thelensionslightly decreases due seawater to a slightly warmercasingtemperature. CaseB shownin Figure2, the iensiondue to lhe same For profileafter temperature changeis 4,934lbs. Thelensionincreases to an orerallcoolerlemprature due by circulating ppgspacerandseawaler.For CaseC, shownIn Figure3, thetenslonincreases 16,931 16 lbsdue the changein temperature.

Mecondo Production C asing Movement

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9-718.' 7' CasingTemperatures x 0 2,000 4,000 6,000
rE E

-startvvoc
***
-Qf6 -Cic

positive runstirg test

Sna6sl

E 0 o
!

8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000

Seawatet -checklr1s, etc. -resunE dbpbcerrPnt -statio

o
f

o (!

with lnilialTemperatures. Figure 1. Production CasingTemperalures Undisturbed

Macondo Production Casing Move ment

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^-. -

Temperatures $7/8'x 7" Gasing 0 2,000 4,000 6,(x)0

C g

-ftun

Csg 8.Ci6

start\ivoc -Ed\rrcc
.--"*'posilive runshirg bst -Qls Spacsl atel Cic Ssaw
-resunE ---Ststic db.phcennt

E
!

8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000

o o
o
J

o o

Casing Temperalures an InitialCondition wilh Figure 2. Production 24 of Circulating Hours.

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9-718'x 7- Gaing Temperatures
0 2,000 4,000 6,000
rB
-g

-RunGg -Shrt\,VorC

&C?c

-ctc

'*--*' Frosili,fe test run spacet Seawater etc. r3unp dbpbcerEnl

-Cic

-checkliEs.

8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

o. o o
E

o
J t^

18,000 20,000

Temperatures an Initaal with Condition Figure 3. Production Casing 5 of Cir,culatingDays.

i
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