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Associate Professor, Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, gerry@me.pdx.edu
is the amount by which the streamline just outside the boundary layer is displaced.
page 1
Streamline U h h + *
Z
0
Z U bdy +
0
u(y)bdy = 0 Z
h+
U bh +
0
u(y)bdy = 0 Z
h+
Uh =
0
u(y)dy
( )
page 2
Z Uh =
0
h+
(U U + u(y))dy = U (h + ) +
0
h+
(u(y) U )dy
Solve for
1 = U
Z
0
h+
Z (U u(y))dy =
0
h+
u(y) 1 dy U
page 3
=
0
h+
u(y) 1 dy U
Since u(y) = U = constant outside the boundary layer, the upper limit is arbitrary as long as h and h + are outside the boundary layer. So, we can change the upper limit of integration to Z u(y) = 1 dy U 0
page 4
1/2 ReL L
Generally we take ReL 1000 as the minimum ReL for a boundary layer to exist.
page 5
x = coordinate measured from the leading edge L = total length of the plate
Rex =
U x
ReL =
U L
Recr 5 10
page 6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Von_ Karman
page 7
Z D(x) = b
0
(x)
u(U u)dy
(1)
D(x) = bU
where
(2)
Z =
0
u U
u 1 dy U
(3)
dD = bw dx
(5)
page 9
dD 2 d = bU dx dx
Combine equation (5) and equation (6)
2 d
(6)
w = U
dx
(7)
page 10
w = U
dx
(7)
Equation (7) relates the local wall shear stress to the local momentum thickness. Both w and vary with position along the plate. Equation (7) is a tool for analysis of at plate boundary layers. All we need to do is u y make assumptions for the prole shape, i.e., = fcn , and equation (7) will U allow us to calculate w (x), and from there, D(x) and Dtotal
page 11
u y y =2 2 U
0.8 0.7 0.6 y/ 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 u/U 0.6 0.8 1
12
y y + 2
! dy =
2 15
page 12
u w = y y=0 u =U y
w =
2 y 2
u 2 = y y=0
2U
page 13
2U 2 d = U dx dx U
2 15
Rearrange
d = 15
where = / Integrate to get or
page 14
cf =
2 = (1/2)U 2
page 15
=
0
u 1 dy U
=
0
12
y y + 2
! dy =
or
1.83 = x Re1/2 x
page 16
Momentum thickness
Friction coecient
page 17
page 18