Term Paper

Term paper

Course Code : Course Instructor : Date of submission : 27-2-12 Student s Roll No: B 46 Section No. : JM002

Declaration: I declare that this term paper is my individual work. I have not copied from any other student s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. Student s Signature :

Pankaj Thakur
Evaluator s comments: ______________________________________________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to present my votes of thanks to all those guidepost who really acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this project that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of this study. We are really grateful to our HOD sir for providing us with an opportunity to undertake this project in this university and providing us with all the facilities. We are highly thankful to Mr Simran sir for her active support, valuable time and advice, whole-hearted guidance, sincere cooperation and pains-taking involvement during the study and in completing the assignment of preparing the said project within the time stipulated. Lastly, We are thankful to all those, particularly the various friends , who have been instrumental in creating proper, healthy and conductive environment and including new and fresh innovative ideas for us during the project, their help, it would have been extremely difficult for us to prepare the project in a time bound framework.

Name

Pankaj Thakur
B46

Regd.No 11001879 Rollno.

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Abstract:
The materials which are applied in modem motor vehicles can be considered to be optimally accommodated to the actual demands. Normally a change of materials is only required if by that a cost reduction can be realized, or if the demands change. Such changes at present or in the near future mainly concern ecological aspects: consumption reduction; weight reduction; low emission of pollutants by vehicles and in the production process; recycling of materials. Those materials in question which better accommodate the new requirements can be: improved variants of actually applied materials; fully developed materials approved already in other technical areas but not yet applied in automotive engineering; newly developed materials. Starting from the actual conception examples will be given for each category. They will show that the cost of future materials tend to be higher, but that even with more expensive materials sometimes the cost of a component can be reduced.

INTRODUCTION
Since materials play a decisive role with regard to both the quality and cost of a car, selection of the correct materials at the earliest possible stage of the development process is of vital importance. The materials used in vehicles nowadays are selected so as to optimally fulfill the specific requirements. It is the job of the materials engineer in a car-manufacturing company to ensure that this optimum will be reached. However, the corporation, itself, must decide what "optimal" actually means in practice. As well as considering the general economic framework, external influences such as the customers selected as the target group, and legal requirements and regulations are particularly relevant here. Newly developed or modified conventional materials on the market represent competition for materials already in use. The application potential of such materials is dependent on how well they satisfy the requirements placed on them.

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DEMANDS MADE ON THE MATERIALS

Fig. shows the expectations placed on the automobile by customers and the social environment. The demands made on components and materials which result from such expectations are also shown. Where materials already in use optimally fulfill current requirements, there is little prospect of alternative materials gaining acceptance; however, in two situations they have a chance of displacing the existing materials:

1. Assuming that the demands remain unchanged, the existing material would only be replaced where such a measure also resulted in a cost reduction. In general, improved fulfillment of demands already adequately covered by the existing material - for example with regard to increased strength or better corrosion-resistance - does not represent a sufficient reason for a substitution.

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2. Where requirements are modified and where these new requirements, including minimized cost, are not met by the conventional materials, the new materials are substituted for the old. Modified demands result from a change in the social and legal environment and/or a change in customer attitudes. It has to be emphasized that fulfilling the requirements may not be seen under the isolated aspect of materials, but always must consider the completed part or component, including design and manufacturing aspects. The current distribution of automobile materials with respect to the total weight is shown in Fig. 2 as is a projection to the year 2000. The reasons for the probable shifts in proportions are discussed below. To understand future developments, it is necessary to analyze how demands on the automobile will change in future years.

For the foreseeable future, ecological requirements emerging from the social and legal environment - the need to protect the natural environment and use resources sparingly - will almost certainly represent a major factor for change. Fig. 3 illustrates how these demands will affect the processes and the materials used in automobile construction,

NEW OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS It is possible to divide possible alternatives to currently used materials into three categories:
- Materials already in use which can be improved and/or made cheaper through further development. - Materials which have already been developed, but which have however not been used in automobile construction to date. - Newly developed materials ("high-tech" materials). Since development is a continuous process, a degree of overlap between categories is inevitable.

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What Earth Materials are in My Car?

The average car is made with over 30 materials extracted from the Earth! Each element, mineral and resource* listed below has special properties that make them important in the production and performance of the car.
After reading the descriptions below, take each available picture of the resource and place it in the appropriate position on the car poster. See how many you can get right!

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SUMMARY
1. Materials selection in the automotive industry is governed by the demands emerging from customers expectations and legal requirements. The development of materials application in the near future will be determined by ecological needs like consumption reduction and used vehicle disposal and by the necessity to reduce costs. 2. The present distribution of the materials in automobile manufacture with respect to weight will not change dramatically, even under altered legal and social contexts. The main reason for this is that ferrous-materials, and especially steel, will continue to play a dominant role in future due to the variability of their properties, their easy availability and their economic priceperformance ratios. The continuing development potential possessed by this material even after more than 120 years of modem steel development remains a source of fascination to the materials engineer. 3. The demands for reduced consumption will lead to the use of an increasing proportion of aluminium, possibly at the expense of higher automobile prices. The proportion of plastics will also increase for the same reasons. Preconditions for this are the provision of suitable recycling and/or disposal methods, and a change in the way the public discussion over this point is conducted - the debate must become more factual and less emotional.

REFRENCES WWW.google.com www.whereisdoc.com www.scribd.com www.greatestvehicles.in Autocar .